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Topic: White matter

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Grey matter

Cerebral hemisphere

Corpus callosum

Septum pellucidum

Neurologist

Alien hand syndrome

Dementia with Lewy bodies

Mammal

Dementia

	White Hole
		White holes are similar to fl holes except white holes are ejecting matter verses fl holes are absorbing matter.
		The fl holes in the center of galaxies are composed of condensed matter and antimatter.
		The matter and antimatter properties are not arbitrary or purely theoretical for producing a stable worm hole.
	www.matter-antimatter.com /white_hole.htm (408 words)

	white matter - multiple sclerosis encyclopaedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The White Matter refers to those parts of the brain and spinal cord that are responsible for communication between the various grey matter regions and between the grey matter and the rest of the body.
		In essence, the grey matter is where the processing is done and the white matter is the channels of communication.
		The white matter is found in the inner layer of the cortex, the optic nerves, the central and lower areas of the brain (notably the Brainstem) and surrounding the central shaft of grey matter in the spinal cord.
	www.mult-sclerosis.org /whitematter.html (217 words)

	White matter definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		White matter: The part of the brain that contains myelinated nerve fibers.
		The white matter is white because it is the color of myelin, the insulation covering the nerve fibers.
		The white matter is as opposed to the gray matter (the cortex of the brain which contains nerve cell bodies).
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6018 (138 words)

	White matter Summary
		White matter forms the bulk of the deep parts of the brain and the superficial parts of the spinal cord.
		Aggregates of grey matter such as the basal ganglia (caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, nucleus accumbens) and brain stem nuclei (red nucleus, substantia nigra, cranial nerve nuclei) are spread within the cerebral white matter.
		The cerebellum is structured in a similar manner as the cerebrum, with a superficial mantle of cerebellar cortex, deep cerebellar white matter (called the "Arbor Vitae") and aggregates of grey matter surrounded by deep cerebellar white matter (dentate nucleus, globose nucleus, emboliform nucleus, and fastigial nucleus).
	www.bookrags.com /White_matter (765 words)

	periventricular white matter lesions
		White matter lesions strongly correlate with reduced gait speed as well as reduced mental ability (Starr et al, 2003; Guttman et al, 2000; Whitman et al, 2001).
		Brain white matter lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging are associated with balance and gait speed.
		Cerebral white matter lesions, retinopathy and incidence of clinical stroke.
	www.dizziness-and-balance.com /disorders/central/pvm.htm (748 words)

	Oncology (General Cancer): White Matter Disease
		White matter diseases in older children and adults are generally demyelinating or a combination of the two processes.
		MS plaques are distributed throughout the white matter of the optic nerves, chiasm and tracts, the cerebrum, the brain stem, the cerebellum and the spinal cord.(8)
		Since the white matter fiber tracts are positioned along the outer aspects of the cord, MS plaques are often based along a pial surface and have an elongated configuration.
	en.allexperts.com /q/Oncology-General-Cancer-978/White-Matter-Disease.htm (5430 words)

	New Scientist Short Sharp Science blog: White matter does matter
		The finding was interesting in that people don't really view white matter, which helps speed nerve signalling in the brain, as important in its own right.
		In other words, the cells that make up much of the white matter are able to "talk" directly with nerve cells in the brain.
		White matter cells appear intimately linked to devastating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
	www.newscientist.com /blog/shortsharpscience/2007/05/white-matter-does-matter.html (216 words)

	About gray matter
		White matter is made up of the long filaments that extend from the cell bodies - the "telephone wires" of the neuronal network, transmitting the electrical signals that carry the messages between neurons.
		Gray matter is not the sole arbiter of ability and knowledge, of course.
		White matter governs the speed with which signals travel in the brain.
	www.memory-key.com /Neurology/gray_matter.htm (694 words)

	ScienceDaily: Sex Differences Found In Proportions Of Gray And White Matter In The Brain: Links To Differences In ...
		White matter refers to the longer axons, sheathed in a white fat called myelin, that reach out from neurons to more distant regions of the brain.
		Gray matter is where computation takes place, while white matter is responsible for communication between groups of cells in different areas of the brain.
		The corpus callosum, however, is composed of white matter, the tissue type seen in this study at lower overall proportions in women than men in the brain, suggesting that evolution has placed a priority on this structure in women.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/1999/05/990518072823.htm (1084 words)

	Researchers find white matter defect link to dyslexia: 3/00
		The white matter abnormality may indicate that the neuron's myelin is defective, he said.
		The scanner gauged the cellular structure of the white matter by measuring the microscopic movement of water molecules in the brain.
		The researchers found that the dyslexic group had poor functioning white matter that may therefore slow message transmission in the regions that are thought to connect the language processing areas of the temporal and frontal lobes of the brain.
	news-service.stanford.edu /news/2000/march1/dyslexia-31.html (423 words)

	Intelligence May Be a Gray and White Matter
		Researchers found major differences in the amount of gray and white matter in the brains of men and women of the same intelligence, suggesting that men and women may derive their intelligence in different ways.
		Gray matter represents information processing centers in the brain, and white matter represents the network or connections between those processing centers.
		In particular, 84% of gray matter regions and 86% of white matter regions involved in women's intelligence were found in their frontal lobes or front portion of the brain compared with 45% and 0% for men, respectively.
	www.webmd.com /brain/news/20050121/intelligence-may-be-gray-white-matter (594 words)

	White Matter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The medium component benefits from 32/16 and 64/16 sampling as the decay curve is sampled further and is immune to sparse sampling of the early portion of the curve.
		White matter simulations were repeated with an echo time of TE = 5ms and TE = 2.5ms, but these did not show a significant increase in accuracy in the short T
		The white matter decay curve is a sum of the short and medium decay curve for the early echoes and predominately only the medium decay curve for the later echoes.
	www.mri.jhmi.edu /~craig/education/msc/msc_thesis/node42.html (461 words)

	ScienceDaily: White Matter Matters In Reading Performance, Study Finds
		White matter comprises the bulk of the deep parts of the brain and is responsible for information transmission, whereas grey matter is responsible for information processing.
		The white matter is basically the wiring in the middle," said Beaulieu.
		Beaulieu and his team built upon this research and extend the focus to children because the relationship between reading difficulties and white matter integrity is akin to the chicken-and-egg argument - it's hard to determine if white matter differences are the cause or the result.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/08/050810133328.htm (901 words)

	White Matter Lesions and Cognitive Impairment as Silent Cerebral Disease in Hypertension
		White Matter Lesions and Cognitive Impairment as Silent Cerebral Disease in Hypertension
		Although the pathogenesis and clinical significance of cerebral white matter lesions remain controversial, it is well established that age and hypertension are the most important factors related to the presence of these lesions.
		Correlations between cerebral white matter lesions and elevated blood pressure provide indirect evidence that structural and functional changes in the brain over time may lead to lowered cognitive functioning when blood pressure control is poor or lacking.
	www.thescientificworld.com /SCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL/toc/TSWJ_ArticleLanding.asp?jid=141&ArticleId=1970 (528 words)

	neuroscience: White matter in pathological liars
		increase in the white matter in the brain and a 41-percent reduction in the
		The scientists speculate that the increased white matter in the prefrontal
		Autistic people have a lot of extra white matter too, and they don't seem to have any trouble not lying.
	community.livejournal.com /neuroscience/161398.html (764 words)

	Defects in white matter hold genetic key to schizophrenia
		Disruptions in the white matter of the brain, which is responsible for effective communication, might be the vital factor that leads to schizophrenia, a new study published online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences has indicated.
		"We had hypothesized for many years that these genes were important for formation of white matter, so that brought together the possibility that maybe these genes, when they are defective, generate white matter that is defective and that causes aspects of neuropsychiatric disorder," said lead researcher Gabriel Corfas of the Harvard Medical School.
		"Alterations in signals cause defects, very specific and relatively subtle in white matter structure and function, and these cause dramatic effects on behavior that are in some ways similar to what you would expect to see in neuropsychiatric patients," Corfas explained.
	www.earthtimes.org /articles/show/55773.html (336 words)

	White matter density in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and their unaffected relatives.
		White matter density in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and their unaffected relatives.
		RESULTS: Subjects with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder showed reduced white matter density in the anterior limb of the internal capsule which was not found in unaffected relatives.
		Reductions were found in frontal subgyral white matter density in affected subjects with a family history of schizophrenia only.
	schizophrenia.researchtoday.net /archive/2/8/208.htm (239 words)

	Linguists have more white matter: official \| The Register
		The team took 59 French speakers and subjected them to two combinations of "d" plus "a" - one from their own lingo where the "d" is dental (tongue placed against top teeth) and a retroflex alternative from Hindi, where the tongue curls upwards towards the roof of the mouth.
		This disparity is explained, says the team, by more white brain matter "in the left auditory region known as Heschl's gyrus, where sound is processed" - as brain scans of the linguistically-gifted showed.
		White brain matter fibres play a role in connecting bits of your brain together, and more of it might indicate "more or perhaps thicker fibres" and an "increased ability to process sound", according to Dr Narly Golestani from UCL's Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience.
	www.theregister.co.uk /2006/04/07/linguists_brains (534 words)

	Childrens Research Institute - Childrens National Medical Center - Disorders Studied
		Disorders of white matter development are very important disorders leading to mental retardation and developmental disabilities.
		Bell has found that the white matter is damaged, clinically-relevant cytokines are increased in both the placenta and fetal brain and cell death occurs via cytokine-mediated receptor cell death.
		Vanishing white matter disease is generally a slowly progressive childhood disorder of the white matter of the CNS.
	www.dcchildrens.com /CNMCResearch/DisordersStudies/WhiteMatter.aspx (921 words)

	Martin White: Dark Matter
		We believe that most of the matter in the universe is dark, i.e.
		Dark matter has important consequences for the evolution of the Universe and the structure within it.
		In addition to dark matter there is dark energy, e.g.
	astron.berkeley.edu /~mwhite/darkmatter/dm.html (756 words)

	Fast language learners boast more white matter - being-human - 07 April 2006 - New Scientist
		Those in the study who were quickest to hear subtle differences in sounds from a foreign language were found to have the greatest amount of white, fatty tissue in a brain region responsible for sound processing.
		They also showed a 3.2-fold difference between the fast learner with the most amount of white matter and the slow learner with the least amount of white matter.
		The team is currently testing phoneticians, people who specialise in studying different language sounds, to see if the white matter in their brains correlates with the length of their training.
	www.newscientist.com /article/dn8964-fast-language-learners-boast-more-white-matter.html (617 words)

	Age-Related Changes in the Brain's White Matter Affect Cognitive Function in Old Age
		In old age, the amount of white-matter lesions contributed 14.4 percent of the variance in cognitive scores; early IQ scores contributed 13.7 percent of the variance.
		In a side note, Deary and his colleagues observe that, "the search for the causes of intelligence differences in youth is relevant to research on aging because much variance from youth persists into old age."
		Article: "Cerebral White Matter Abnormalities and Lifetime Cognitive Change: A 67-Year Follow-Up of the Scottish Mental Survey of 1932," Ian J. Deary, Ph.D., FRCPE, University of Edinburgh; and Steven A. Leaper, BSc; Alison D. Murray, FRCR, FRCP; Roger T. Staff, Ph.D.; and Lawrence J. Whalley, M.D., FRCPsych, University of Aberdeen; Psychology and Aging, Vol.
	www.apa.org /releases/whitematter.html (797 words)

	Vanishing White Matter disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		According to this release, a family's bravery and generosity 3 years ago in allowing some of their son's brain cells to be studied has enabled researchers to make an important new finding about VWM (Vanishing White Matter) disease.
		While we hear a great deal about the importance of our "gray matter," a term that refers to crucial brain cells known as neurons, the brain's white matter is also vital to our health.
		Our white matter is mostly made up of glial cells that insulate the connections between neurons.
	cognews.com /1114662514 (583 words)

	Kevin Kelly -- The Technium
		This pattern is already visible in desktop computers; the actual calculating chips are tiny fingernail-sized slivers buried among the white matter of wires, power transformers, and circuit boards, all which outweigh the chip by thousands.
		Some of the extra brain matter found in a whale is thus used for its extreme sonar echolocation abilities.
		Yesterday’s supercomputers are crammed with a lot of white matter; today’s laptops are smarter, smaller, and incidentally have less white matter.
	www.kk.org /thetechnium/archives/2004/11/brains_of_white.php (2411 words)

	Prefrontal white matter in pathological liars -- YANG et al. 187 (4): 320 -- The British Journal of Psychiatry
		Prefrontal white matter in pathological liars -- YANG et al.
		matter and a 36–42% reduction in prefrontal grey/white
		Prefrontal white matter – the tissue of lies?: Invited commentary on...Prefrontal white matter in pathological liars
	bjp.rcpsych.org /cgi/content/abstract/187/4/320 (463 words)

	White Matter Lesions in the Perinatal Period
		Chapter 20: White matter lesions in the perinatal period
		Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a lesion of immature cerebral white matter in the perinatal period.
		astrogliosis in the periventricular, central, and intragyral white matter of the cerebral hemispheres
	webhome.idirect.com /~brainology/brainology/devpath_20_white.html (1105 words)

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