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Topic: White minority rule

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	Dominant minority - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A dominant minority is a group that has overwhelming political, economic or cultural dominance in a country or region despite representing a small fraction of the overall population (a demographic minority).
		White minority rule ended in these countries through a combination of violent attacks by non-white groups; peaceful protests by non-whites; widespread international moral, political and financial pressure, including from majority-white countries; and changing attitudes within the white minorities themselves.
		The most commonly cited examples of minorities that may have had economic power and influence in a society but lacked political dominance and often suffered as a result are: the Jewish communities in Eastern Europe and the Middle East, South Asians in East Africa and Chinese in Indonesia and Malaysia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dominant_minority (507 words)

	Chimurenga - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Second Chimurenga refers to the guerrilla war of 1972-1980, which led to the end of white-minority rule in Rhodesia and to the independence of Zimbabwe.
		Although the victory of the nationalist Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) in Zimbabwe's 1980 independence elections following the national liberation struggle against white minority rule was greeted with jubilation, for many war veterans, ZANU militants, and landless fl peasants in Zimbabwe, the hopes raised by liberation dissipated.
		Colonial social and economic structures remained largely intact, with a small minority of white farmers owning the vast majority of the country's arable land-- the main unit of production in the mostly agricultural society.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chimurenga (302 words)

	The Black Commentator - The Living Legacy of White Minority Rule - Issue 20
		Trent Lott is born into a white minority county in a white minority state - although the statewide margin is thin and African Americans are leaving in droves, pulled west and north by defense industry jobs and pushed out by the mechanization of farming.
		White rule spawns violent rednecks, not the other way around - another simple truth that is evident on its face, but beyond the grasp of the white racist American mind.
		The terror of white rule in the South - reaching unspeakable levels of savagery in those regions in which whites were the minority - had nothing to do with petty prejudices, archaic traditions, or failures of communication.
	www.blackcommentator.com /20_commentary_2.html (1932 words)

	Rhodesia article - Rhodesia Zimbabwe Cecil Rhodes British colony Africa white minority African - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Rhodesia (after Cecil Rhodes) is the former name of a British colony in Africa governed by a white minority.
		With the end of white minority rule, the colony was given formal independence from Britain and became the African country of Zimbabwe.
		The British government adopted a policy known as NIBMAR (No Independence Before Majority African Rule), to the consternation of the white minority Rhodesian Front (RF) government, led by Ian Smith.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Rhodesia (652 words)

	When Minorities Rule by Martin Kramer
		Muslim empires generally ruled according to the precept that "there is no coercion in religion," and because non-Muslims were subject to extra taxation, it actually served the rulers to remain in a minority.
		Jordan is a case of minority rule twice over: by the imported Hashemites, and by the native East Bankers in preference to the imported Palestinians, who form a majority.
		In other words, minority rule may be good, or it may be bad; it may be enlightened or it may be despotic; it depends on the circumstances.
	www.geocities.com /martinkramerorg/Minorities.htm (2550 words)

	The Spectator.co.uk
		White rule ended, a free election took place, fl rule began and the whites accepted it with barely a murmur of dissent.
		It is now compulsory for employers to classify their employees by race, to state whether they are white, ‘African’, ‘coloured’ or ‘Indian’, and to submit a plan showing how they will change their racial proportions to match the ANC’s racial masterplan.
		But the closest thing we have had is Deputy President Zuma’s announcement that ‘the ANC will rule SA until Jesus comes back’ and President Mbeki’s promise to beat his sister if she showed affection for the Reverend Kenneth Meshoe, leader of a small opposition party.
	www.lewrockwell.com /spectator/spec275.html (1968 words)

	Discussion Paper Series - No. 7 - Reflections on the Challenges Confronting Post-Apartheid South Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		For the white minority and the rest of the capitalist world with a stake in white minority rule, the period was one of unprecedented prosperity.
		White folks all over the world, with the exception of very few, embraced, adopted and, at times, murderously acted to defend their skins privileges.
		If state intervention during the white minority regime was able to create optimum operating conditions for capital accumulation the affirmative action policy - if it is to overcome the legacy of exploitation and oppression - can just as rigorously intervene in pursuit of democratic goals to overcome the legacy of exploitation and oppression.
	www.unesco.org /most/magu.htm (13998 words)

	Majority Rule in Zimbabwe
		Modern Zimbabwe, then known as Southern Rhodesia, remained under white minority rule whose conservative trends in fact hardened with the break-up of the Federation of Rhodesia.
		From the opposition to white minority rule emerged two African nationalist organizations: the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) led by Robert Mugabe and operating from Mozambique, and the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) led by Joshua Nkomo and operating from Zambia.
		The Smith government eventually agreed in principle to majority rule and a meeting with African nationalist leaders in Geneva to negotiate a final settlement.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/war/zimbabwe.htm (766 words)

	Palestine - Israel Journal of Politics, Economics and Culture
		Whites were cruel, despicable, he said; they deserved no mercy; force was all they knew and understood; if they would not yield power, they had to be killed or driven into the sea.
		Holding the elections was only possible because the white minority agreed to yield their tyrannical rule.
		Whites were persuaded to concede because they accepted that the ANC, speaking for the fl majority, did not harbor ideas of revenge for the past and wanted whites to play their role in a new South Africa.
	www.pij.org /details.php?id=87 (1957 words)

	Document Presented to PW Botha - 5 July 1987
		White South Africa must accept the plain fact that the ANC will not suspend, to say nothing of abandoning, the armed struggle until the government shows its willingness to surrender the monopoly of political power, and to negotiate directly and in good faith with the acknowledged fl leaders.
		As I have already said, the government is still too deeply committed to the principle of white domination and, despite lip service to reform, it is deadly opposed to the sharing of political power with fls, and the SACP is merely being used as a smokescreen to retain the monopoly of political power.
		Majority rule is acceptable to whites as long as it is considered within the context of white politics.
	www.anc.org.za /ancdocs/history/mandela/64-90/doc890705.html (4983 words)

	Robert Mugabe will be 78 in March 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		If he wins the Battle of Land against the White minority and the British establishment, and the well financed lobbies around the world, he would have been arguably the most remarkable leader of the Black World.
		He became a revolutionary hero, fighting racist white minority rule for the freedom of his people, and most importantly for land reform.
		Black-owned farms are dusty and the housing is composed of mud huts.
	www.afroamerica.net /RobertMugabe122001.html (758 words)

	White Male Minority (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		When we say "minority," we usually have meant "non-white" or "people of color." It's a little more complicated, since many women are in the habit of calling themselves a minority when in fact females outnumber males in every age group after infancy.
		We are used to speaking of "women and minorities" as a category of the workforce, which leaves white males as the other category, implying that white males are the majority.
		What we mean when we speak about dominant white males is their cultural, psychological, ideological, and physical power, since their predominance in positions of power is out of all proportion to their actual numbers.
	www.sussman.org /wmm.html (554 words)

	Washingtonpost.com: South Africa Report
		South African President Nelson Mandela bade farewell to the ruling African National Congress today with a harsh speech in which he accused the white opposition and the white media of trying to thwart post-apartheid reforms to protect their racial privilege.
		South Africa's white parties had "decided against the pursuit of a national agenda" and had chosen instead to propagate a "reactionary, dangerous and opportunist" position against the ANC, he said.
		He accused whites of invoking racist symbolism to gain political mileage from the nation's high crime rate and to suggest that a fl government is doomed to fail.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/inatl/longterm/s_africa/stories/reform1297.htm (835 words)

	AEGiS-Reuters: S.Africa's income disparities widening
		Her tirade was cut short by a well-aimed petrol bomb, which briefly engulfed the exterior of a police car in flames and sent the crowd scattering.
		Within the white community, the poor have seen the removal of the state support they once enjoyed.
		Whites begging at traffic lights are now a common sight in major cities.
	www.aegis.com /news/re/2003/RE030105.html (1376 words)

	The Harvard Crimson :: News :: Kissinger in Southern Africa
		Kissinger recognizes that the new strength of the forces pushing for change in Southern Africa, as well as superpower competition, means that a less intransigent approach to the dismantling of white minority regimes is necessary if a radical shift in the balance of forces in the region is to be avoided.
		Majority rule can mean many different things in practice--Smith has not yet accepted the principle of one man, one vote, for example--and a government with a white veto power and white monopoly of legal coercive force could easily produce a constitution which is not truly democratic though it is nominally committed to majority rule.
		Smith explicitly said that he rejected any plan "to buy white Rhodesians out." What could result from this provision is a situation in which Rhodesia formally becomes a majority rule state but where the bulk of its wealth and effective power remain concentrated in the hands of a white minority.
	www.thecrimson.com /article.aspx?ref=115435 (1041 words)

	BRIA(12:2) South Africa, End of apartheid, voting rights act 1965, Segregrated South, Race, redistricting, ...
		Political control was shifting from the white minority to the fl majority.
		Although always a minority in South Africa, whites have ruled this land since the first Dutch settlers arrived in the 1650s.
		The "white primary," which was soon imitated in most other Southern states, effectively prevented the small number of fls registered to vote from having any say in who got elected to partisan offices--from the local sheriff to the governor and members of Congress.
	www.crf-usa.org /bria/bria12_2.html (5676 words)

	Poll: Most S. Africans, (black and white) believe White rule was better - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Whites had the highest levels of nostalgia, with 65 percent now identifying positive elements to whites-only rule compared with 59 percent in 2000 and 39 percent in 1995.
		Most South Africans, both fl and white, believe the country was better run under apartheid and say unemployment and crime are the government's top challenges, according to two new polls released this week.
		A growing number of white people voiced confidence in the future of the state, as did fls who have prospered since democratic elections replaced apartheid in 1994.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=47554 (1253 words)

	ZANU PF homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		ZANU-PF is the political party that has been ruling the young state of Zimbabwe since the attainment of political independence on April 18, 1980, and the establishment of democratic rule.
		This oppressive system was run by the local white settlers who were less than 5 percent of the total population, with the concurrence and full support of successive British Governments.
		As the challenge to white/colonial/racist rule grew, and support for the nationalist movement spread in the cities and in the rural areas, the regime passed draconian legislation in its Parliament to suppress the movement by banning the organisations, detaining leaders without trial, and finally killing 50 000 patriots and injuring and maiming many thousands.
	www.zanupfpub.co.zw /history.html (819 words)

	Andrew Maykuth Online \| maykuth.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Bennett reckons his farm was targeted because he is an opposition candidate for parliament, one of five white MDC candidates for 120 parliamentary seats.
		He is also critical of the attitude of most white farmers, who withdrew from civic life after the white minority regime was ousted.
		The expulsion of the land invaders was widely reported in the news media - it was the first time in three months the police had moved to retake a farm seized by the war veterans.
	www.maykuth.com /Africa/zimb619.htm (1615 words)

	MSN Encarta - Print Preview - African Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The OAU formed the African Liberation Committee in 1963 to channel financial support to movements trying to defeat Portuguese colonial rule in Guinea-Bissau, Angola, and Mozambique.
		It also supported movements against white minority rule in South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Namibia.
		South Africa was excluded from OAU membership until 1994, when white minority rule and apartheid (the policy of racial segregation) ended.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761566763___5/African_Union.html (255 words)

	South Africa Freedom Day (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		To understand the value and significance of June 9.6 and appreciate its meaning to millions of oppressed Africans in South Africa, it is necessary to recall that the history of white rule in South Africa is a history of rule by force, violence and massacres.
		White fascist terror took the reigns of government in 1948 and an era of intensified tyranny and brutal repression started.
		It brought panic and consternation to the white oppressors and their imperialist allies, and resulted in a spate of draconian legislation designed to contain the revolutionary upsurge of the people.
	bethuneinstitute.org /documents/safd.html (1185 words)

	Bringing back morality into South African society
		Thus, the new political minority does not argue against the present corruption and unethical conduct by speaking out with strong criticisms and thus corruption is given free rein.
		The Nationalists aimed their Bantustan policy at keeping the Black Africans out of the White residential areas and preventing them from gaining a tangible foothold in South Africa’s greater urban areas that were traditionally occupied by and allocated to Whites.
		During the years of Nationalist rule, the largelyAfrikaans speaking Calvinists consequently treated Blacks as second class South African citizens and even non citizens; thus some of them became foreigners in their own country, and all had to carry passes (permits) to move from the Black areas to the White urban areas.
	www.spaef.com /GVER_PUB/v2n3_hilliard.html (6121 words)

	Kossouth Snyder -- Africana Library, Cornell University
		Malawi's relationships with the minority white regimes of South Africa, Rhodesia and the Portuguese regime in Mozambique are generally discussed in terms of Malawi's geographic position and its historic ties with these regimes.
		While acknowledging the important role that geographic position and historical ties have in shaping Malawi's relationships with the minority white regimes the thesis shows that alternatives, which could have been used to disengage Malawi from the minority white nexus were present.
		This study shows that Malawi's relationships with the white minority regimes of Southern Africa do not substantially address the needs of the people of Malawi; therefore the relationships should either be revised or terminated.
	www.library.cornell.edu /africana/thesis/snyder1976.html (393 words)

	"MINORITY WHITE RULE AND NON-WHITES IN THE UNION"
		This awful plight of workers, especially the non-white workers, derives from oppressive minority rule.
		Whatever the government might say, the separative, suppressive policies of white rule, especially during the thirteen years of Nationalist Party rule, have greatly undermined world confidence in South Africa.
		Our suffering under white rule has given birth to a freedom struggle that is fast becoming an effective liberation movement in which devoted freedom fighters can play a decisive role.
	www.anc.org.za /ancdocs/history/lutuli/lutuli-sactu1961.htm (1028 words)

	Hopes Wither in Africa
		Mugabe when white rule ended in 1980 have turned sour; at home and abroad, some who once lauded him as a liberal and a liberator now charge that he is turning to autocracy and repression to cling to power and to realize far-reaching goals, like giving land to fls, before leaving office.
		Mugabe has acknowledged his party's failure to inspire young fls, who tired of his talk of revolution and flocked last year to an opposition party that promised to ease unemployment, even though it was partly financed by whites who once supported the old white minority rule.
		Zimbabwe's opposition party, the Movement for Democratic Change, is bankrolled by white businessmen and farmers ó a tiny minority of the population, but owners of more than half of the country's fertile land.
	www.udel.edu /communication/COMM418/begleite/globalagenda/readings/NYTafricaleaders.htm (1441 words)

	WashingtonPost.com: S. Africa Report
		01: President Frederik W. de Klerk, proclaiming the final dismantling of "the cornerstones of apartheid," announces plans to repeal laws that have guaranteed white ownership of 87 percent of the land and entrenched rigid segregation of the races.
		23: The ruling African National Congress admits to South Africa's truth commission that it tortured and executed renegade militants in its war on apartheid.
		In his farewell speech to the ANC, he accuses the white opposition and the white media of trying to thwart post-apartheid reforms.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/inatl/longterm/s_africa/timeline.htm (707 words)

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