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	Whitman massacre - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Whitman massacre (also known as the Walla Walla massacre) was the murder in the Oregon Country on November 29, 1847 of U.S. missionaries Dr. Marcus Whitman and his wife Narcissa, along with 15 others, by Cayuse and Umatilla Indians.
		The killings are usually ascribed in part to a clash of cultures and in part to the inability of Dr. Whitman, a physician, to halt the spread of measles among the Native Americans, who held Whitman responsible for subsequent deaths.
		Other factors that may have contributed to the massacre were outbreaks of cholera, conflict between the Protestant missionaries and local Catholic priests, the contempt shown by Narcissa Whitman toward the Indians and their way of life, resentment over missionaries' attempts to transform the Indians' lifestyle and the killing of a Walla Walla chief's son.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Narcissa_Whitman (1090 words)

	PBS - THE WEST - Marcus and Narcissa Whitman
		Marcus Whitman was born in 1802 at Rushville, New York.
		The Whitmans reached the Walla Walla river on September 1, 1836, and decided to found a mission to the Cayuse Indians at Waiilatpu in the Walla Walla Valley.
		The Whitman's two-year-old daughter drowned in 1839, Narcissa's eyesight gradually failed almost to the point of blindness, and their isolation dragged on year after year.
	www.pbs.org /weta/thewest/people/s_z/whitman.htm (1043 words)

	Oregon Blue Book: Notables- The Whitmans
		Marcus Whitman was born in Rushville, New York on September 4, 1802.
		When the Whitman's superiors in the East decided to close the mission because of a lack of results in 1842, Marcus traveled through the winter to reach them and win a reversal of their decision.
		Soon, the Whitmans were spending more time on the needs of the growing number of immigrants than they were ministering to the Cayuse.
	bluebook.state.or.us /notable/notwhitman.htm (531 words)

	story in depth: Walt Whitman
		Whitman had given up traditional rhyme and meter in favor of a cadence that was all his own, and the few reviewers who liked Whitman's work admired his "simplest, truest, and often most nervous English," but even they had to warn readers that the poems were indelicate.
		Whitman was just 53 years old when he nearly died from a stroke that left him partially paralyzed on his left side.
		The Whitman "Kosmos" quotation is from a citation in Kaplan.
	www.gayhistory.com /rev2/events/whitman.htm (4018 words)

	The Whitman Mission
		Whitman went to the fireplace to get some ashes to stop the bleeding in the doctor's head where he had been struck with a tomahawk.
		Whitman by the hair, and raise her head and then strike her across the face several times with his leather quirt.
		The Whitman Massacre, as it was quickly christened, was an isolated incident perpetrated by Indians who were later disavowed by their tribal hierarachs, but it struck fear into the emigrants in the Willamette Valley.
	www.endoftheoregontrail.org /road2oregon/sa07whitman.html (2258 words)

	The Annapolis Valley Whitmans
		There were also Whitmans who settled about the same time on the Richelieu River south of Montreal, where a Whitman Cemetery near the border beside the river is all that remains, and also some settled in Ridgetown, Ont. with a few descendants in that area yet.
		With the completion of this record the Annapolis Valley Whitmans will have their complete line back for over three hundred and thirty years, a period of twelve generations when a wilderness was transformed into one of the modern countries of the world.
		The Whitman in the Eastern States, and so branching West and South, starts undoubtedly from one John Whitman, born in 1602 in Old England, where he grew up, married, and his eldest son was born in 1629.
	www.whitmania.com /pdpdpd/annapolis.htm (3348 words)

	PBS - THE WEST - Letters and Journals of Narcissa Whitman
		Whitman was speaking of having a great number of letters to write to the States, and in her pleasant way wished to know if I would not write some for her.
		Whitman that you and your brother had some thought of coming to this country, you will doubtless feel more or less interested in some of the difficulties and trials that one has to encounter on the way.
		Whitman's promising to write his mother in case he would write one of her friends.
	www.pbs.org /weta/thewest/resources/archives/two/whitman2.htm (22139 words)

	Case Law: U.S. v. 40.00 Acres of Land, More or Less
		It appearing to the Court that it was desirable to limit the issues between the Government and the Whitmans and to ascertain areas of agreement as to issues and noncontroverted facts, the Court called a conference on June 12, 1974 of counsel for those parties.
		In light of the government's denial that the Whitmans were entitled to any compensation, we find and conclude that the Whitmans are entitled to attorney's fees under Section 304 of the URA and its implementing regulations.
		The failure of the government to prepare, serve, and file such an objection within one (1) week after service of the form of judgment shall be considered as a waiver of any right to contest any of the amounts stated in the judgment and as an admission of the correctness of the amounts stated therein.
	www.scenicflorida.org /law/bbcaseusv40acres.html (3037 words)

	Whitman Mission Alternate
		The Whitman Mission Route served as the main stem of the Oregon Trail during the earliest years of the mass overland migrations.
		The Whitman Mission remained in operation until 1847, when the Whitmans and several others were killed inside the mission during an Indian attack.
		Although Whitman's proposal was not approved among the ministers working in the field, it reflects a subtle shift in Whitman's priorities; he maintained interest and concern for saving souls, but was clearly eager to enhance and reinforce Waiilatpu's status as a supply post.
	www.endoftheoregontrail.org /oregontrails/whitmanalternate.html (3410 words)

	Whitmans Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		He was a Pioneer in the beauty industry, and surly left his mark on everyone he came in contact with.
		Throughout the years, the Whitmans, held many advanced private classes, which would bring in hair dressers form all over the world.
		Whitman's Scissors, and Whitman's Hair Design, will continue to live on with his wife Andrea, and son Derek.
	www.whitmans.org (274 words)

	L³ - The Lewis And Clark Rediscovery Project
		The journey of Marcus and Narcissa Whitman weaves the opening of the West to American settlers and the growing resentment native tribes felt as they began to be pushed from lands they lived in for generations.
		After all, the Whitmans made little effort to preach in the native Cayuse tongue or to relate their message in terms of Cayuse beliefs.
		The Whitmans, who had lost their two-year-old daughter in a drowning in 1839, were spending most of their time helping fellow whites.
	www.l3-lewisandclark.com /ShowOneObject.asp?SiteID=33&ObjectID=198 (808 words)

	The Donner Party; The Whitmans Along The Trails West-Last updated 05/24/01
		The Whitman Mission From the End of the Oregon Trail pages: The first American missionaries to Oregon were Methodists sent west with the blessing of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in New England.
		The Whitman Mission National Historic Site The Whitmans labored to bring Christianity to the Cayuse, but deep cultural differences and a measles epidemic led to violence in which the Cayuse killed the Whitmans and 11 others in November, 1847.
		Whitman Mission National Historic Site: The mission of Marcus and Narcissa Whitman at Waiilatpu was an important way station in the early days of the Oregon Trail.
	www.over-land.com /people.html (1037 words)

	NPS Historical Handbook: Whitman Mission (Contents)
		The Indians had been aware of the baby's coming, and after her birth all the chiefs and elders of the tribe visited the house to see the temi or "Cayuse girl," as they promptly named her because she was born on their lands.
		Whitman was called to the yard to greet them.
		Also present were the children whom the Whitmans took into their school as boarders—such as the young lady whom Dr. Whitman had brought into the world, Eliza Spalding—and the two Manson boys, the half-breed sons of a Hudson's Bay employee at Fort Walla Walla.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/hh/37/hh37l.htm (835 words)

	Too Tough - Whitman Mission National Historic Site
		Although not within Whitman Mission National Historic Site, the route followed by the Whitmans' and the Spaldings' across the Blue Mountains in 1836 is significant to the story of Waiilatpu.
		When the Whitman's traveled over the Blue Mountains their guide, John McLeod, a fur trader for the Hudson's Bay Company, selected the most direct route possible, suitable for horse and foot travel only.
		As the years passed, the Whitmans' route was less used, until finally it was lost.
	www.nps.gov /whmi/orient/tough.htm (893 words)

	Whitman's tough path at the EPA \| csmonitor.com
		Whitman said, she'd been excited to learn that she was one of George W. Bush's possible picks as vice president.
		And of course, Whitman herself talks with pride about three of her priorities: vastly accelerated clean-up of "brownfields," or abandoned urban industrial sites; the administration's "Clear Skies" initiative, which requires emissions reductions of 70 percent for three of the worst air pollutants by 2018; and plans to target watershed areas for improvement.
		Whitman's response is that environmentalists always want "100 percent" and when industry gets some of that percentage, the environmentalists chalk it up as defeat.
	www.csmonitor.com /2002/0326/p01s01-uspo.html (1585 words)

	The Oregon Trail: Whitman Mission
		Founded in 1836 by Dr. Marcus Whitman and his wife, Narcissa, the Whitman Mission was the site of one of the worst tragedies along the Oregon Trail.
		The Cayuse suspected that the Whitmans and their foreign religion were the cause of the fatal disease.
		In retaliation, the Whitmans and eleven other whites were killed by the Cayuse, and the mission was burned down.
	www.historyglobe.com /ot/whitman.htm (126 words)

	The Sagers Go West, part 13
		But something occurred that was very important to the Whitmans and all of the other immigrants that were starting to come in after their long journey across the plains and mountains.
		After it was agreed upon to purchase the property it was suggested that the Whitmans move there because of the trouble with the Cayuse.
		But now Dr. Whitman refused to move his mission located at Waiilatpu where they had worked so hard to teach the Indians to live as white men did.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/great_american_plains/112207 (522 words)

	National Postal Museum
		Devout Presbyterians, Marcus and Narcissa Whitman believed that relocation was their opportunity to spread the word of God to the heathens, and set out on a journey that would take six months to complete.
		The Whitmans and another family of missionaries traveled from New York to St. Louis by steamboat, then trekked across the rest of the country until they came to the place they had chosen for their mission, in modern-day Walla Walla, Washington.
		The likeliest way for Narcissa Whitman’s letters to reach her family in New York was for them to be taken to Astoria, the closest port in the territory, and sent by clipper ship around South America’s Cape Horn to the eastern seaboard on the other side of the continent.
	www.postalmuseum.si.edu /letterwriting/lw03.html (1860 words)

	Missionary Menu Page
		Whitman returned east with the fur caravan to marry his fiancée and gather recruits.
		Whitman returned in 1836 with his new bride, Narcissa, the Rev. Henry Harmon Spalding and his wife Eliza, and Mr.
		The Spaldings established a mission to the Nez Perce at Lapwai while the Whitmans went to work with the Cayuse at Waiilatpu.
	www.nps.gov /whmi/newsite/whitmans.htm (805 words)

	NPS Historical Handbook: Whitman Mission (Contents)
		Narcissa Whitman and Eliza Spalding were the first white women to cross the continent; the Whitmans' baby, Alice Clarissa, was the first child born of United States citizens in the Pacific Northwest.
		The Whitmans' mission throughout its existence was a haven for the overland traveler.
		In the tragic conclusion, the lives of the Whitmans were an example of selflessness, perseverance, and dedication to a cause.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/hh/37/hh37a.htm (1129 words)

	Converge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The very same Brooklyn Whitman roamed, and I imagined myself walking over to the site of the Brooklyn Eagle (the newspaper Whitman edited from 1846 to 1848) contemplating his "multitudes" while gazing at the Brooklyn Bridge as he would have done in the same spot.
		I back-clicked to Patties text (I figured it was all right to call her Pattie because she calls Whitman "Walt" and among the students listed in the class roster, there isnt a Mr., Mrs.
		I read about Whitmans love of photography and its influence on his work and on his own image.
	www.centerdigitaled.com /converge?pg=magstory&id=6030 (1221 words)

	Sentinel News Stories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Several iron wheels are on display throughout the Whitmans' property, along with antique farm machinery.
		The Whitmans had their first sale in the fall, which they said was more successful then they thought it would be.
		The sale will be at the Whitmans' residence at 1766 190th Street, one and a half miles west of County Road 39.
	fairmontsentinel.com /news/stories/043005c.html (517 words)

	Narcissa and Marcus Whitman
		Marcus Whitman, also from upstate New York, received his schooling in Massachusetts and was a classmate of John Brown of Harper’s Ferry fame.
		In 1835, Whitman gained the attention of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM), a group that governed the activities of Presbyterian and Congregational missions to various Native American tribes.
		In succeeding years, the Whitmans became a fixture on their part of the trail, extending aid to travelers and even adopting the children of deceased settlers.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h317.html (717 words)

	MARCUS AND NARCISSA WHITMAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Born in Rushville, New York, in 1802 and educated as a physician, Marcus Whitman was sent in 1836 to the Oregon country to work as a medical missionary among the Indians.
		The Whitmans, however, based their mission station in Waiilatpu where they worked with the Cayuse Indians and sent the Spauldings on north to Lapwai to minister to the more responsive and peaceful Nez Perce people.
		There was tension between the Whitmans and the Spaldings, so maybe it was in a spirit of generosity that Marcus sent the Spaldings north.
	trailblazerbooks.com /books/attack/attabio.html (312 words)

	Angela L (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Whitman was washing his fl Mercedes in their driveway.
		Whitman told Steve that the fresh cut grass aggravated their boy’s allergies.
		Whitman would be coming out soon to call for Sammy.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/a/l/alf224/adeadlydeed.htm (2374 words)

	The Whitman Legacy
		The Whitman Seminary was established by admirers on the site of the mission as a testament to their ministry.
		Some historians and admirers have regarded Marcus Whitman as the savior of Oregon, arguing that his round-trip journey in 1842-43 was intended to alert U.S. governmental authorities to the threat being posed by the British in the area.
		The Whitman supporters find it hard to understand how anyone could be critical of selfless missionaries who gave their lives to improve the existence of others.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h320.html (374 words)

	Professional Development - Planning and Resources - Teaching Tools
		The Whitmans were sponsored by the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions, whose aim it was to convert Native Americans to Christianity.
		She worked hard and sincerely for the mission, but she never really got along with the Native Americans she was sent to "save." Marcus Whitman was likewise an extraordinary man. He was very strong, a hard worker, a doctor who would travel hundreds of miles to see a patient.
		The Cayuse Indians, the nation living closest to the Whitman mission, were angry with the Whitmans because the Whitmans took their land without paying for it.
	www.phschool.com /professional_development/teaching_tools/social_studies/teacher-to-teacher_network/mock_trials.html (1614 words)

	Today in History: February 16
		Congregationalist missionary Cushing Eells, founder of Whitman College, the oldest educational institution in Washington State, was born in Massachusetts on February 16, 1810.
		In 1836, the Whitmans founded a mission among the Cayuse Indians at Waillatpu, six miles west of present-day Walla Walla.
		A practicing physician, Whitman was accused of using magic to eliminate Native Americans in order to make way for new immigrants.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/today/feb16.html (433 words)

	Cushing Eells Was Born
		In 1836, the Whitmans set up a mission among the Cayuse Indians at Waillatpu not far from where Walla Walla is today.
		In addition to promoting the Protestant religion, the Whitmans set up schools and mills for grinding grain and introduced crop irrigation.
		A few years later, Marcus Whitman helped a group of 1,000 settlers find their way to the Oregon Territory.
	www.americaslibrary.gov /cgi-bin/page.cgi/jb/nation/eells_2 (81 words)

	Whitman Mission National Historic Site (National Park Service)
		Whitman were killed; sixty people were taken hostage.
		The deaths of the Whitmans sent a shock wave across the country and prompted Congress to make Oregon a U.S. territory.
		Whitman Mission is located in SE Washington, 7 miles west of Walla Walla, just off Hwy.
	www.nps.gov /whmi (190 words)

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