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Topic: Whooping Crane

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	Fact Sheets > Animals > Whooping Crane
		In 1967, the whooping crane was designated as an endangered species (under a law that preceded the Endangered Species Act of 1973), meaning it was considered in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
		Since whooping cranes normally lay two eggs but only raise one chick, in one experiment, Canadian and American biologists removed the "extra" eggs from nests in the wild and brought them to the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center in Laurel, Maryland, where they were artificially incubated and later used to establish a captive flock.
		In February 1993, a nonmigratory flock of 14 captive-reared whooping cranes was reintroduced on the Kissimmee Prairie in Florida.
	www.fact-sheets.com /science-nature/animals/whooping_crane (1336 words)

	Whooping Crane
		Whooping Cranes continue to face multiple threats, including habitat loss and pollution in their traditional wintering grounds, collision with utility lines, human disturbance, disease, predation, loss of genetic diversity within the population, and vulnerability to natural and human-caused catastrophes.
		The cranes nest in emergent vegetation (primarily bulrush and sedges) in the shallow portions of ponds, small lakes, and wet meadows (Kuyt 1995).
		The GCAR for cranes has recommended that Whooping Cranes be given the highest priority for intensive management, and endorses current efforts to develop a viable, self-sustaining captive population and to establish two separate additional self-sustaining wild populations (as per the recommendations of the U.S. and Canadian recovery plans) (Mirande et al.
	www.nacwg.org /whooping.htm (6821 words)

	Whooping Crane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The estimate of world population of whooping crane is 320 with 25 in captivity and two other wild populations.
		The three wild populations of whooping crane are found at Aransas National Wildlife Refuge in Texas, Gray’s Lake National Wildlife Refuge in Idaho and Kissimmee Prairie in Flordia.
		The main cause of death of the whooping crane is collision with power lines during migration.
	bellnetweb.brc.tamus.edu /whooping.htm (536 words)

	WHOOPING CRANE, Grus americana, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Whooping cranes construct nests of bulrush and lay one to three eggs, but mostly two-egg clutches, in late April and early May. The incubation period is about 29 to 31 days.
		Whooping cranes migrate singly, in pairs, in family groups or in small flocks, and are sometimes accompanied by sandhill cranes.
		The main threat to whooping cranes in the wild is the potential of a hurricane or contaminant spill destroying their wintering habitat on the Texas coast.
	www.fws.gov /endangered/i/b/sab6t.html (1306 words)

	Whooping Crane
		Whooping cranes are also known for their elaborate courtship rituals, in which a pair-bonded male and female perform a beautifully choreographed “dance” of synchronized bobbing, weaving, jumping and calling.
		Most of the whooping crane populations were displaced as farmers migrated further and further westward, converting their preferred prairie wetland habitats into cropland.
		Although many of the young cranes migrated with their adoptive parents and wintered in New Mexico, the project was soon terminated because none of the cranes were able to successfully breed and the population suffered high mortality rates.
	www.pacificbio.org /ESIN/Birds/WhoopingCrane/whooper_overview.htm (438 words)

	Wildlife Viewing - Species Spotlight - Whooping Crane and Sandhill Crane
		Sandhill cranes occur in pastures, prairies and freshwater wetlands in peninsular Florida from the Everglades to the Okefenokee Swamp.
		The third member of the crane family found in Florida is the endangered whooping crane, which was first reintroduced to the Kissimmee Prairie region in 1993.
		Since then, a group of ten whooping cranes also followed the phenomenal path of being raised by humans in puppet costumes resembling a parent 'whooper', and then were trained to follow an ultralight airplane from Wisconsin to Chassohowitzka National Wildlife Refuge for the fall migration.
	floridaconservation.org /viewing/species/crane.htm (423 words)

	Whooping Crane Flock Status (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Eight pioneering Whooping Cranes, produced from captive breeding flocks, departed on the 2001 migration from Wisconsin to Florida: one was killed when it flew into a power line after escaping from its travel pen during a storm and two were lost to bobcat predation on their Florida wintering site.
		Whooping Crane eggs from the wild and captivity were placed in nests of Sandhill Cranes in southeastern Idaho.
		Whooping Cranes were led from Wisconsin to Florida in the fall of 2001.
	www.whoopingcrane.com /FLOCKSTATUS.HTM (3363 words)

	Whooping Crane Recovery Activities Oct 2003 to March 2004
		A lone juvenile whooping crane, confirmed in Saskatchewan in early October, was reported in Young County, Texas on November 2 and may have wintered in an unknown location with sandhill cranes.
		In the fall, a whooping crane juvenile separated from its parents was confirmed in Saskatchewan with sandhills.
		Whooping crane recovery involves many different organizations in different states and provinces, and keeping it all running smoothly is a task that all participate in.
	www.bringbackthecranes.org /crane-info/recv2003b.htm (4540 words)

	Whooping Crane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Whooping cranes are one of the best known of all endangered species and symbolize the struggle to maintain the vanishing creatures of this world.
		The Whooping Crane in the experimental Rocky Mountain population did not successfully reproduce, while those in the Florida population have not yet reached sexual maturity.
		Whooping cranes are protected by the Endangered Species Act of the United States.
	www.greatsaltplains.com /whooping_crane.htm (1039 words)

	Fragile Legacy
		Habitat and Habits: The whooping crane prefers freshwater marshes, wet prairies, shallow portions of rivers and reservoirs, grain and stubble fields, shallow lakes and lagoons for feeding and loafing during migration.
		The whooping crane is omnivorous, feeding on both animals and plants, such as insects (grasshoppers, crickets), berries, grains, acorns, fishes, crustaceans, reptiles and amphibians.
		In South Dakota, the whooping crane is a predictable spring and fall migrant in the Missouri River drainage and in westem South Dakota, with only occasional sightings in the eastem part of the state.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/distr/others/sdrare/species/grusamer.htm (461 words)

	Wild Texas: Whooping Crane (Grus americana)
		Whooping cranes breed in Wood Buffalo National Park in Canada's Northwest Territories and migrate 2,400 miles annually to their protected coastal wintering grounds in Texas' Aransas National Wildlife Refuge.
		Each winter, as the whooping cranes migrate from Canada to Texas, be sure to check the Texas whooping crane count.
		Whooping cranes feed on blue crabs, clams, snails and other small marine creatures, and augment their diet with acorns, berries, insects, and crayfish.
	www.wildtexas.com /wildguides/whooper.php (390 words)

	Whooping Crane - ICF
		Whooping crane chicks are one of two species born with blue eyes that later turn yellowish.
		The whooping crane is native to a diverse array of ecosystems.
		Wetland ecosystems historically used by wintering whooping cranes were diverse as well, ranging from the high plateau wetlands of central Mexico to the varied coastal wetlands that extended from Texas to South Carolina.
	www.savingcranes.org /species/whooping.cfm (1423 words)

	Whooping Crane - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A number of attempts have been made to establish other breeding populations in the wild, some involving Sandhill Cranes (which failed); yearly releases of isolation-reared birds as a non-migrating population in Florida have resulted at least in some few first successful breeding attempts.
		The isolation rearing of other young Whooping cranes and their training to follow ultralight airplanes has been successful so far; they learn the migration from Wisconsin to Florida and return on their own the following spring.
		To date there are 41 surviving cranes in the Eastern Migratory Population, migrating from Wisconsin to Florida and back.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Whooping_crane (536 words)

	The Whooping Crane
		The Whooping Crane reaches the Western Country about the middle of October, or the beginning of November, in flocks of twenty or thirty individuals, sometimes of twice or thrice that number; the young by themselves, but closely followed by their parents.
		Several Cranes are seen in the same hole, tugging at roots and other substances, until they reach the object of their desire, which they greedily devour.
		The trachea of this bird confirms my opinion that the Canada Crane and the Whooping Crane are merely the same species in different states of plumage, or in other words, at different ages; and, in truth, the differences are not greater than those exhibited by many other birds, both aquatic and terrestrial.
	www.audubon.org /bird/BoA/F34_G1a.html (3239 words)

	All About Birds
		Whooping Crane recovery efforts involve multiple agencies in the public, private, and nonprofit sector in the United States and Canada.
		Whooping Cranes are territorial in both summer and winter, living in family groups.
		In 1975 in an experimental effort to establish a second migratory wild flock of Whooping Cranes, eggs were transferred to nests of Sandhill Cranes at Gray’s Lake National Wildlife Refuge in southeastern Idaho.
	www.birds.cornell.edu /programs/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Whooping_Crane.html (422 words)

	AMNH - Expedition : Endangered
		They are migrating whooping cranes, completing their annual journey from Canada.
		Whooping cranes were among the first species to show the effects of this transformation.
		The whooping crane was one of the first birds listed as an endangered species under the ESA of 1973.
	www.amnh.org /nationalcenter/Endangered/crane/crane.html (612 words)

	Whooping Crane Proposed Reintroduction Project
		During the spring of 2004 whooping cranes that hatched at Patuxent Wildlife Research Center began training for release by being exposed to the noise of the ultralight motor and by following ultralight aircraft on the ground.
		The goal of this reintroduction project is to establish a migratory flock of whooping cranes that breed in Wisconsin and migrate to Florida to spend the winter.
		To reintroduce whooping cranes to eastern North America, we (the Service) proposed establishing a Nonessential Experimental Population, which was identified as the preferred alternative in a corresponding Environmental Assessment.
	www.fws.gov /midwest/whoopingcrane (513 words)

	Hinterland Who's Who - Whooping Crane
		Birds often confused with the Whooping Crane are the American White Pelican, the Tundra Swan, and the Lesser Snow Goose.
		Whooping Cranes were hunted openly up to the early 1900s but were never numerous enough to be an important target for hunters.
		Unfortunately, the cranes often failed to breed in captivity and captive birds were prone to disease.
	www.hww.ca /hww2.asp?id=79 (2173 words)

	Audubon WatchList - Whooping Crane
		Whooping Cranes themselves are omnivorous, eating a variety of foods found in wetlands and adjacent upland habitat.
		For example, Whooping Cranes are known to eat crabs, frogs, mollusks and fish as well as mice, insects, plant tubers, berries and agricultural grains.
		The Whooping Crane would probably not be with us if not for the establishment of key wildlife reserves in Canada and the U.S. Unfortunately, the National Wildlife Refuge System in the U.S. is often overlooked during the government's budgeting process.
	audubon2.org /webapp/watchlist/viewSpecies.jsp?id=214 (1863 words)

	Whooping Crane [Grus americana] Links
		Whooping Crane Grus americana Endangered Never very abundant, the whooping crane suffered in the late 1800s from indiscriminate shooting, habitat disturbance, and the draining of the large, isolated marshes that it frequented.
		Whooping Crane The central population of the endangered Siberian Crane at Keoladeo National Park in India.
		Whooping Crane (Grus americana) Status: Federal Endangered, State Endangered Description: The whooping crane is the largest wading bird in North America, standing 4-5 feet (1.5 m) tall.
	raysweb.net /specialplaces/pages/cranelinks.html (843 words)

	Boreal Songbird Initiative : The Boreal and Birds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Stately, majestic, and charismatic, the Whooping Crane is a familiar symbol of the potential success of cooperative, international efforts to protect migratory species and of conservation laws such as the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and the U.S. Endangered Species Act.
		Historically, the Whooping Crane nested primarily in prairie marshes and in aspen parkland and boreal wetlands.
		The Whooping Crane originally nested from Illinois and Hudson Bay to Wyoming and the Northwest Territories and wintered from Texas and Louisiana to south-central Mexico, but it was never a common species.
	www.borealbirds.org /birdguide/BD0605_species.html (1218 words)

	Whooping Crane Recovery
		the Whooping Crane (Grus americana), with a total population of approximately 387 individuals, is one of the nation's most endangered animals and is being rescued from the danger of extinction by aggressive recovery efforts; and
		Whooping Cranes reintroduced in Florida represent approximately one-fourth of all individuals and may eventually occupy a number of locations; and
		Whooping Cranes are a wonderful conservation symbol and offer a compelling image for conservation education and action; and
	www.audubonofflorida.org /action/2004actionagenda/whoopingcrane.htm (188 words)

	Status of the Whooping Crane - Alberta Sustainable Resource Development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Whooping cranes are perhaps the best known endangered species in North America.
		By 1941 a total of 21 whooping cranes remained of which only eight or ten were in breeding pairs.
		The current breeding distribution of wild whooping cranes is restricted to a small area in the northern part of WBNP, near Fort Smith, N.W.T. The population is migratory and winters in and around Aransas National Wildlife Refuge on the Gulf coast of southern Texas.
	www3.gov.ab.ca /srd/fw/threatsp/wcra_stat.html (391 words)

	USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Whooping Crane Hatching Countdown (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Humans contributed to the decline of the whooping crane.
		Whooping cranes have been hunted, both for their meat and for their feathers.
		Because the whooping cranes in the Texas population breed in Canada, biologists from both the U. and Canada have been cooperating in planning the recovery plan.
	whoopers.usgs.gov /why.htm (301 words)

	Whooping Crane
		Never very abundant, the whooping crane suffered in the late 1800s from indiscriminate shooting, habitat disturbance, and the draining of the large, isolated marshes that it frequented.
		Today there are 300 whooping cranes in the world.
		Total legal protection, public interest, protected breeding grounds in Canada and wintering grounds in the United States, along with artificial incubation, foster parenting by sandhill cranes and the establishment of an additional flock breeding in Idaho, have all helped in rescuing the whooping crane from extinction.
	www.nature.ca /notebooks/english/whocrane.htm (105 words)

	Whooping crane, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
		Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership (WCEP) includes agencies and organizations who are leading the effort to reintroduce a migratory flock of whooping cranes to the eastern United States.
		At dawn, on October 17, three ultralight aircraft followed by a small flock of young whooping cranes took off from Necedah National Wildlife Refuge in Wisconsin on a 1250 mile flight to Florida.The cranes are being taught a migration route to the Chassahowitzka National Wildlife Refuge.
		study--Restoration ecology of a migratory flock of whooping cranes.
	www.fws.gov /endangered/i/B0F.html (217 words)

	Whooping Crane
		Whooping cranes are the largest wading bird species in North America, standing four to five feet (1.2 to 1.5 meters) tall
		Whooping cranes are found in small flocks of two to seven individuals and take
		Whooping cranes are particularly vulnerable to extinction because of their long migrations and small population.
	www.northern.edu /natsource/ENDANG1/Whoopi1.htm (806 words)

	Journey North Whooping Cranes
		Why is the survival of young Whooping Crane chicks greater during years with high water levels than during years with low water levels in the breeding area?
		What are some of the hazards that Whooping Cranes face on their long migrations?
		Why are whooping cranes being reintroduced to eastern North America?
	www.learner.org /jnorth/search/Crane.html (497 words)

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