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Topic: Whorl (mollusc)

	Whorl - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Whorl in the meaning "flywheel", "a weight attached to a spindle" is attested in English from 1460.
		Whorl (mollusc), a single, complete 360° turn in the spiral growth of a mollusc shell.
		Body whorl, in a mollusc shell the most recently formed whorl of a spiral shell, terminating in the aperture.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Whorl (152 words)

	Mollusc
		The mollusc is a soft-bodied, usually shelled INVERTEBRATE belonging to one of the largest animal phyla (Mollusca) with some 100 000 living and about 35 000 FOSSIL species.
		Molluscs are found on land and in salt and fresh water, and include SNAILS, ABALONE, CLAMS, MUSSELS, octopuses and squid.
		Molluscs, because of their diverse and often beautiful shell shapes, accessibility, and importance as food and disease vectors, have played important cultural and economic roles in human history.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /PrinterFriendly.cfm?ArticleId=A0005366 (2277 words)

	Glossary
		Nephridium ne-phrid’I-um (Gr nephros= a kidney) one of the tubular renal organs of the molluscs.
		Ventral ven’tral (L venter=the belly) The edge remote from the hinge in a bivalve; the ventral margin is opposite the umbonnes.
		Whorl (AS hweorfa=the whorl of a spindle) A revolution or turn of the spire of a univalve shell.
	www.manandmollusc.net /glossary.html (2103 words)

	Ilyanassa Laboratory Exercise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The typical mollusc has a calcareous shell, muscular foot, head with mouth and sense organs, and a visceral mass containing most of the gut, the heart, gonads, and kidney.
		Molluscs arose in the sea and most remain there but molluscs have also colonized freshwater and terrestrial habitats.
		In molluscs the dorsal body wall is referred to as the mantle and some part of it is folded, or invaginated, to form a pocket, or recess, which is the mantle cavity.
	www.lander.edu /rsfox/310ilyanassaLab.html (5417 words)

	Whorl jerak.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Molluscs have a mantle, which is a fold of the outer skin lining the shell, and a muscular foot that is used for motion.
		Molluscs also have a coelom in which the organs are suspended.
		Mollusc fossils are some of the best known and are found from the Cambrian onwards.
	www.jerak.org /en/whorl (10077 words)

	[No title]
		limpet - mollusc with a non-coiled, roof-like, moderately elevated shell.
		suture - the junction between whorls of a gastropod shell.
		whorl - one complete spiral turn of the shell of a gastropod.
	lucidcentral.com /keys/lwrrdc/public/Aquatics/aemoll/html/MOLLGL.htm (563 words)

	Lateral Coiling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The edge of the mollusc's mantle is the generating point of the shell, which moves in a modified circle around a center point.
		If a downward direction is added to the outward direction in the movement of the generating point, the mollusc produces a conical spiral shell.
		The exact shape of this conical spiral shell depends on the ratio of outward to downward movement, and on whether the rate of growth of each is constant or varies throughout the growth period.
	www.csuchico.edu /biol/ncnhm/molluscs/pan3/page3.html (254 words)

	serchside formular - arama formu
		A mollusc with a foot, a head bearing tentacles, and eight shelly plates held together by a girdle.
		A scratch-like furrow on the surface of the shell.
		The opening at the base of a gastropod shell around which the body whorl is coiled; it is also present at the centre of the spire whorls.
	nautilus-shells.tripod.com /searchside.htm (1160 words)

	Glossary/Mollusks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In gastropods, the initial whorls of the shell (protoconch) or the first-formed portion of an operculum; in bivalves, the prodissoconch.
		In gastropods, the apical or nuclear whorls of a shell, generally clearly demarcated from the later whorls.
		In gastropods (e.g., acanthina), an angulation of the whorl at the periphery, forming the outer edge of a sutural ramp or shelf.
	www.fish.washington.edu /naturemapping/mollusks/glossary.html (10392 words)

	Glossary
		Foot: The body-part of a mollusc which is used for contact with the surface, and on which to glide along.
		Gastropod: A member of the Class Gastropoda, a group of asymmetrical molluscs in which the foot is broad and flat, the mantle undivided, the shell in one piece, usually conical.
		Umbilicus: Basal hollow in columella, in gastropod molluscs.
	www.mesa.edu.au /friends/seashores/glossary.html (2739 words)

	HMS Student Papers 1965 - Observations on the distribution and dispersal of the gastropod Crepidula perforans ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The animal is situated in the outermost whorl of the shell with its head facing the opening.
		The young molluscs are able to cling to the shell upon hatching.
		The mollusc is able to move from one hermit crab to another.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/miller/student_papers/1965_1.html (187 words)

	Description of the species Strombina (L.) musanica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		After one or two whorls sculptured only by axial ribs, spiral threads are introduced which become more and more prominent on the adapical part of the whorl, but they may cover the entire height of the whorl.
		On the body whorl the axial ribs are restricted to the adapical part and are crossed by spiral threads.
		The central portion of the body whorl is smooth and constricted thus producing a concave spiral belt.
	porites.geology.uiowa.edu /database/mollusc/systemat/musani5.htm (238 words)

	BIO2121 Picture Album - Mollusca (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The fossil record is rich with the fossils of mollusc shells.
		That's not surprising since the rest of the animal was soft-bodied and wouldn't fossilize well.
		These are snail shells and you can see the characteristic winding or "whorl" of the shell that compacts the body.
	137.122.151.31 /bio2121/Album/Mollusca/bio2121_Album_moll_gast752031.gif.htm (46 words)

	Palaeos Metazoa: Mollusca: Shell Morphology
		This is basically the same as the shape of the aperture, and may vary greatly in various molluscan species, especially in shelled cephalopods.
		This is the relative distance between successive revolutions along the axis as compared with away from the axis.
		One can easily see how some molluscs, and indeed some spiral forms in nature (since these principles can be widely applied) developed shells where certain parameters have a high value, and others a low value.
	www.palaeos.com /Invertebrates/Molluscs/Mollusca.Shell.html (956 words)

	Molluscs Basics and Bivalvia Basics
		Molluscs are mainly a MARINE phylum, with a few gastropods and bivalves colonizing fresh-water and one group of gastropods (Pulmonata) becoming terrestrial.
		All other modern molluscs have UNSEGMENTED bodies, although they are descended from the Annelida, the segmented worms.
		The septa of molluscs are analogous to the tabulae of the corals.
	www.earth.rochester.edu /ees207/clambasics.html (1082 words)

	Sea Shells
		Larger and thicker shells are usually created by molluscs in warmer rather than cooler climates, due to the absorption and extraction of lime being higher in the former.
		The final whorl, usually the largest, is known as the 'body whorl'.
		The membraneous layer that lines the shell in molluscs is the mantle, attached to the body near the apex of the shell.
	enhg3.4t.com /b/b16/16_31.htm (1250 words)

	eBay Guides - Common Terms Associated with Seashells
		Chiton - a mollusc with a foot, a head bearing tentacles and eight shelly plates held together by a girdle.
		Suture - the junction of two whorls, it is often depressed or indented.
		Whorl - one complete turn of the tube of a gastropod shell about its imaginary axis.
	reviews.ebay.com /Common-Terms-Associated-with-Seashells_W0QQugidZ10000000000016560 (1240 words)

	Turridae!
		One reason why an a shell cannot survive in a particular habitat is acidic environments created by rotting organic matter: dead sea life falling into an area where there is not enough current to refresh the water, which consumes all the oxygen that normally prevents acids from forming.
		Radulae (the plural of radula) are the "teeth" of gastropods, used for scraping algae off rocks by herbivore (plant eating) gastropods, for drilling through shells to reach the animals inside, by carnivorous families such as Buccinidae and Naticidae (the Moon Snails), and for spearing prey in the 3 families of the superfamiliy Conacea.
		Taxonomy of the Phylum Mollusca Voyages of the H.M. Bark Endeavour and its Replica
	www.manandmollusc.net /MolluscMomentPast/turridae.html (1679 words)

	Description of the species Sincola (S.) bassi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		There are 13 to 17 axial ribs on early spire whorls and 15 to 21 axial ribs on the penultimate whorl.
		On the body whorl the shoulder is accentuated by a spiral cord.
		Usually the upper part of the body whorl is smooth except for faint, almost orthocline growth lines, but sometimes that area carries some spiral lines.
	porites.geology.uiowa.edu /database/mollusc/systemat/bassi2.htm (209 words)

	Category:Molluscs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Articles and media on this topic in other Wikimedia projects can be found at: Commons Category Molluscs
		The mollusks or molluscs are the large and diverse phylum Mollusca, which includes a variety of familiar creatures well-known for their decorative shells or as seafood.
		These range from tiny snails and clams to the cephalopods (octopuses, squid, etc.),which are considered the most intelligent invertebrates.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Molluscs (149 words)

	mollusca (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Cephalopod mollusc with two pair (tetrabranchs) four gills, eighty short arms & an external spiral chambered (30-38) shell group.
		Chromatophores are the elastic colour (yellow, orange/red, brown/fl) pigment cells, iridophores are reflective blue and green cells & leucophores for the white spots.
		In the lunged, Pulmonata subclass of the Gastropoda.
	www.tech2u.com.au /~vals/locals/animals21.htm (3313 words)

	Lancashire County Council: Environment : Ecology
		It should be noted that the category 'nationally scarce', referring to species believed to occur between 16 and 100 10km squares of the National Grid, is sometimes subdivided in relation to invertebrate groups into 'Notable A' and 'Notable B'. This subdivision has not been recognised in the following guidelines.
		Molluscs are one of the few non-insect groups of invertebrates to be relatively well-recorded in recent years, although recording in Lancashire is patchy. They have poor powers of dispersal, and some terrestrial species are particularly good indicators of long continuity of habitat conditions.
		The whorl snail listed is now very rare in Britain, although, interestingly, it is much more widespread as a fossil from the Flandrian period.
	www.lancashire.gov.uk /environment/ecology/bhs/7.8molluscs.asp?print=yes (454 words)

	British Non-marine Molluscs - Characters
		Mantle of molluscs: the fleshy or membranous covering of that part of the body (usually anterior) which usually secretes the shell, and which encloses the ‘mantle cavity’.
		Illustrations of the principal structures referred to in routine descriptions of land and freshwater molluscs, and instructions for measuring heights and widths of shells, can be accessed via the ‘Mollusc morphology’ toolbar button.
		The whorls of the spire spired shell, convexity>/
	delta-intkey.com /britmo/www/chars.htm (1674 words)

	Orthogastropoda2_Caenogastropoda-1
		The last whorl is large, the apertureolbilque, and the columella is connected to the outer lip.
		The shells are smooth or spirally corded and the whorls are distinctly margined.
		These are predatory molluscs which feed by boring into the bodies of ascidians and using their proboscis to suck up the content.
	www.manandmollusc.net /advanced_introduction/gastropod_taxonomy_Orthogastropoda2_Caenogastropoda-1.html (2235 words)

	Striped-Mouth Conniwink - Life on Australian Seashores
		The dominant sculpture occurs on the base whorl, where there are about eight low concentric ridges.
		Other whorls may be smooth, or with small nodules.
		The Striped-mouth Conniwink's shell colour is grey or white with oblique brown and white bands, dominant on last whorl.
	www.mesa.edu.au /friends/seashores/b_nanum.html (275 words)

	Gastropods
		As it grows, the mollusc adds extra calcareous material onto the outside edge of the shell.
		Some shells may have long spines, and other extensions, which may be a camouflage, or assist the mollusc in some other way.
		But the mantle cavity is designed so the poisonous wastes are quickly dispersed into the water and are quickly washed away from the mollusc.
	www.mesa.edu.au /friends/seashores/gastropods.html (336 words)

	Beads & Sea Shells (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Molluscs are soft creatures that make the second largest group (or phylum) of animals on earth, outnumbered in their variety only by the insects.
		Although we commonly speak of "sea shells," molluscs are very successful and live in fresh water and on land as well as in the sea.
		The other is the group of large molluscs that include the octopus and squid.
	www.beadbugle.com /html/beads___sea_shells.html (2473 words)

	The Scotsman - Sci-Tech - Microscopic mollusc set to win protection under European laws
		But despite its diminutive stature, the presence of the microscopic narrow-mouthed whorl snail at a remote coastal site in Scotland has prompted a consultation from Scottish Natural Heritage on a proposal to designate the site as a Special Area of Conservation.
		The mollusc is found primarily in marshy, coastal habitats of high humidity with flowing groundwater.
		It requires unshaded conditions and lives amongst grass, moss or low herbs that are quickly warmed by the sun.
	thescotsman.scotsman.com /scitech.cfm?id=641782005 (453 words)

	Slugs and Snails of Western Washington (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Full-grown shells (with a reflected lip) lacking a tooth-like structure in the aperture; whorls with prominent radial ribs; shell 24 to 35 mm diameter.
		Beaded sculpture absent from last whorl, but present within umbilicus and usually on spire; sculpture on last whorl is reduced to low wrinkles with spiral striations microscopic or nearly absent; full-grown shells 15 to 27 mm diameter.
		Umbilicus wide, 23 to 33% of shell diameter; 3 to 4.25 whorls in full-grown shells; full-grown shells 1 to 2.4 mm in diameter.
	www.evergreen.edu /ants/TESCBiota/mollusc/key/webkey.htm (3416 words)

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