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| | Chapter 3 - Adverse effects - Risky Business: Invasive species management on National Forests |
 | | Other faults with the process are that it has a narrow focus that allow a number of significant effects to escape documentation, including cumulative effects, synergism, environmental fate in specific environments, phytotoxicity (potential harm to plants), and analysis of “inert” ingredients. |
 | | Displacement of native plants and reduced plant diversity resulted following entry of Centaurea maculosa (spotted knapweed) (Tyser and Key, 1988) and the displacement of native bunchgrasses by Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) was noted following fire (Melgoza et al., 1990). |
 | | For example, habitat selection by birds is influenced by vegetation structure, diversity, composition, and habitat patchiness (James and Wamer, 1982; Rotenberry and Wiens, 1978), all of which are affected by changes in vegetation structure caused by herbicide applications. |
| www.kettlerange.org /weeds/Chapter-3.html (15691 words) |
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