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Topic: Wiggler (synchrotron)

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	Hybrid wiggler - US Patent 6556595 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The wiggler of the hybrid type as claimed in claim 1 in which the direction of magnetization of a main permanent magnet block is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the array and reversed to that of the nearest main permanent magnet block with intervention of a pole piece therebetween.
		The wiggler of the hybrid type as claimed in claim 1 in which the direction of magnetization of an auxiliary permanent magnet block is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the array, two auxiliary permanent magnet blocks in a pair sandwiching the pole piece being magnetized in a reversed direction one to the other.
		The wiggler of the hybrid type as claimed in claim 1 in which the end surface of the pole piece remote from the gap space is recessed relative to the end surfaces of the main and auxiliary permanent magnet blocks remote from the gap space.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6556595.html (2240 words)

	History of Synchrotron Radiation Sources
		With synchrotron radiation available at wavelengths in the x-ray region down to 0.1 Å, experimenters at DESY were able to carefully check the spectral distribution against Schwinger's theory, as well as begin absorption measurements of metals and alkali halides and of photoemission in aluminum.
		Wigglers are similar to undulators but generally have higher fields and fewer dipoles, with the result that they produce a continuous spectrum with a higher flux and a spectrum that extends to shorter wavelengths than bend magnets.
		Together, wigglers and undulators are called insertion devices because they are placed in one of the generally empty straight sections that connect the curved arcs of large storage rings, where the magnets that guide and focus the electron beam reside.
	xdb.lbl.gov /Section2/Sec_2-2.html (4050 words)

	Encyclopedia: Wiggler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		An wiggler is an insertion device for a synchrotron, also known as a undulator or undulator magnet.
		Wigglers were seen occasionally in the animated series that spun off of the game.
		Wiggler is also an unlockable character in Mario Power Tennis for the Nintendo GameCube.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Wiggler (718 words)

	SSRL: Wiggler and Undulator Magnets
		Wigglers and undulators consist of two rows of magnets that create many fields of alternating polarity perpendicular to the electron beam.
		Wigglers or undulators (also known as insertion devices) produce synchrotron radiation that is considerably brighter than radiation from a bending magnet.
		A wiggler enhances the brightness of the radiation produced by a given electron beam by a factor roughly equal to twice the number of full oscillations the beam undergoes.
	www2.slac.stanford.edu /vvc/ssrl/wigglers.html (222 words)

	Wiggler Definition / Wiggler Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Wiggler underwent some major changes in Super Mario SunshineSuper Mario Sunshine is the latest console title in the Mario series.
		Wiggler is a parallel port interface for either JTAG or BDM debugging.
		Wiggler is the evolution, revolution and devolution from punk to noise to funk to.
	www.elresearch.com /Wiggler (449 words)

	Patent 5099175: Tunability enhanced electromagnetic wiggler
		Tuning the wiggler so that the electrons emit light of a desired wavelength and so that the light can be efficiently extracted from the electron beam, comprises adjusting the magnetic field strength in the wiggler.
		For a wiggler made of this iron, the sum of the magnetic fields in the iron pole induced by the permanent magnets and the electromagnetic coil around a pole is kept between H.sub.d and H.sub.c.
		Wiggler pole magnetic saturation also inherently limits the degree to which the first goal can be attained due to the leveling off of the slope beyond the saturation points.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5099175.html (6260 words)

	Lighting The Way -- LBL's Advanced Light Source
		With its design optimized for high-performance undulators, the premier sources of synchrotron light, the ALS is a so-called "third- generation" synchrotron light source--one of the first members of a forthcoming international family of such machines.
		Synchrotron accelerators, which use dipole "bending" magnets to curve the paths of accelerating electrons into circular orbits, produce copious amounts of synchrotron light in a sweeping beam that is similar to that of a beacon.
		Although the synchrotron light from the ALS bending magnets is not as bright as that from the ALS insertion devices, it compares very favorably with the light from other synchrotron bending magnet sources because of the high quality of the ALS' electron beam.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/advanced-light-source-at-lbl.html (2580 words)

	CERN Courier - Wigglers give CESR a new cha - IOP Publishing - article
		storage ring to operate with sufficient luminosity in the charm-threshold region requires the installation of 18 m of wiggler magnets operating at magnetic fields of 2.1 T. Wiggler magnets have alternating north and south poles which induce rapid radial oscillations of the beams, increasing dramatically the emission of synchrotron radiation in the form of X-rays.
		When CESR was operating in the region of the upsilon particle, near 5 GeV per beam, the emission of synchrotron radiation in the collider's bending magnets was sufficient to achieve small beams and high luminosity.
		Six wigglers, representing 8 m of the 18 m required, have already been built and will be installed during a machine shutdown from March through June.
	www.cerncourier.com /main/article/43/4/3 (637 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The use of synchrotron polychromatic x-ray microbeams in the transmission geometry is described for mapping grain orientation as a function of position and for relating this microtexture to the formation of large asperities on fatigue crack surfaces in Al-Li 2090 T8E41.
		Synchrotron radiation diffraction imaging ('Topography') not only allows the visualization of the magnetoacoustic standing waves, but also the measurement of the sound velocity and, through the recording of the images as a function of the propagation parameter, the determination of the amplitude, shape and polarization of the magnetoacoustic vibrations.
		Synchrotron white-beam x-ray topography (SWBXT) is a powerful and efficient diffraction imaging technique for studying the distribution and structure of crystallographic defects in single-crystal materials.
	www.mrs.org /meetings/spring98/absbook/AbstractBookV.html (17523 words)

	Read about Wiggler at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Wiggler and learn about Wiggler here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Wiggler is the caterpillar-like creature in the Mario series of games.
		However, when it becomes angry its eyes become enraged, it loses its flower, and it becomes red.
		Wiggler is also an unlockable character in Mario Power Tennis for the Nintendo GameCube, but as a Flying Wiggler.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Wiggler (360 words)

	Compillation of World Synchrotron Sources
		In terms of flux, the wiggler performances are similar, and the SPEAR3 bend magnet now has a significantly better performance than the ALS for most of the energy range with an advantage of 4 at 10 keV.
		The wiggler consists of a 3-pole superconducting magnet with a maximum field of 7 T at the central pole and 1.55 T at the side poles.
		Considering the requirements of the majority of the users and the usage statistics of beam lines on synchrotrons around the world it is apparent that the photon spectral range of 0.1 to 50 keV is the most desired range for the users.
	www.navrotski.net /XRayOptics/WorldStorageRings-SourceParameters.html (2065 words)

	from X-rays to synchrotron light (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This is precisely how a wiggler works: it consists of a periodic series of magnets, placed in a ring section where the electron path would otherwise be straight; because of its action, the electrons are forced to wiggle around the straight path.
		An undulator is similar to a wiggler except for one point: it forces the electrons into a much weaker zig-zag, so that during the entire zig-zag motion synchrotron light continues to illuminate the undulator beamline.
		Without short pulses, there is no wide band of wavelengths, thus the undulator emission is not spread in a wide band but concentrated, producing high levels of flux and brightness.
	www.elettra.trieste.it /visitors/vtour_p05.html (382 words)

	Synchrotron Radiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Synchrotron radiation (SR) is emitted from an electron traveling at almost the speed of light when its path is bent by a magnetic field.
		As it was first observed in a synchrotron in 1947, it was named "synchrotron radiation".
		Synchrotron radiation is emitted at a bending magnet or at an insertion device.
	www.spring8.or.jp /ENGLISH/general_info/overview/sr.html (185 words)

	SLAC-PUB-9629 -- Impact of the Wiggler Coherent Synchrotron Radiation Impedance on the Beam Instability (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		SLAC-PUB-9629 -- Impact of the Wiggler Coherent Synchrotron Radiation Impedance on the Beam Instability
		Impact of the Wiggler Coherent Synchrotron Radiation Impedance on the Beam Instability
		In this paper, the instability due to the CSR impedance from a wiggler is studied assuming a large wiggler parameter $K$.
	www.slac.stanford.edu /pubs/slacpubs/9000/slac-pub-9629.html (253 words)

	Display tag Beam's course: depicting three types LBNL Image Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Normal beam's course, beam's course after insertion of magnetic device known as a "wiggler" and beam's course after insertion of device known as an "undulator".
		The spectrum is broad and continuous; its characteristics are fixed by the strength of the bend magnet and the energy of the electron beam.
		The kind of magnetic insertion device known as a "wiggler" deflects the electron beam through an angle much larger than the natural emission angle of the synchrotron radiation.
	imglib.lbl.gov /ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/index/96803760.html (199 words)

	Wiggler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This incredibly designed magnet is used for Synchrotron Radiation Light Source at BEPC Storage in Beijing, China.
		The Wiggler had to be made flawless because of the great number of parts that make up this wonderfully engineered machine.
		The Wiggler has a weight of 15T and its dimensions are 1.88m x 1.11m x 2.26m.
	www.amacintl.com /products/wiggler.html (99 words)

	Liquid nitrogen cooled monochromators for wigglers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Recent results obtained on a focused wiggler beam at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) have shown that these two techniques should handle undulator beams from the third generation sources, such as the Advanced Photon Source (APS).
		Wigglers are characterized by moderate power densities, but very large total powers compared to undulators.
		For example, at closed gap operation (2.1 cm) the standard APS wiggler produces 7.4 kW of total power and the peak heat flux is about 80 W/mm2 at normal incidence 30 m from the source.
	wwwold.chess.cornell.edu /Publications/Newsletter_1995/mono.html (2020 words)

	LS Note 250: High-Heat-Load Synchrotron Tests of Room-Temperature, Silicon Crystal Monochromators at the CHESS F-2 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		For the synchrotron measurements, the crystal was oriented so that the effect of the strain was minimized in the scattering plane.
		The criss-cross patterned crystal was tested at the F-2 wiggler station at CHESS in April 1995 (the same run as the `new' pin-post crystal).
		Because it was not clear how the temperature scales with the heat load (i.e., with power or power density), we did the comparisons for two different cases: (1) by scaling the temperatures with total power and (2) by scaling the temperatures with surface peak power density.
	www.aps.anl.gov /techpub/lsnotes/ls250/ls250.html (5065 words)

	Source size and angular divergence of wiggler radiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The source size and angular divergence are very important properties of synchrotron radiation characterizing the performance of the insertion device.
		In the case of undulator radiation, the natural angular divergence is given by a well-known simple formula and the natural size is calculated using the equation of the diffraction limit, because the undulator radiation from a single electron is spatially coherent.
		This is mainly due to the fact that the wiggler radiation is incoherent and the distributions of the photons emitted at each wiggler position should be transmitted to the central position of the wiggler to calculate the source distribution.
	lbl.confex.com /lbl/sri2003/techprogram/paper_3875.htm (181 words)

	R.CoÃ¯sson, publications
		The phase space distribution of the radiation from the multipole wigglers and wavelength shifter is described.
		The total power emitted in the form of this beam-beam synchrotron radiation is calculated for beams with a bi-Gaussian cross-section colliding head-on, and its dependence on beam separation is estimated.
		Abstract The concept of wigglers as insertions in storage rings dedicated to synchrotron radiation is now old, but only recently have multipole wigglers for SR sources actually been brought into use.
	www.fis.unipr.it /~coisson/lipu.html (5446 words)

	Lcls-Tn-02-2 Slac-Tn-02-003 (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		December 2002 A Superconducting Wiggler for the LCLS Roger Carr, Wes...
		Abstract: A strong wiggler is likely to be required for the LCLS to reduce bunching that would cause beam instabilities due to coherent synchrotron radiation in the second linac bunch compressor.
		This wiggler will be located in a 3 m straight section immediately upstream from the bunch compressor at SLAC linac sector 24-7, where the e-beam will have an energy of 4.5 GeV.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /616196.html (219 words)

	Publications and Databases of Martin Caffrey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		CAFFREY, M. X-Radiation damage of hydrated lecithin membranes detected by real-time x-ray diffraction using wiggler-enchanced synchrotron radiation as the ionizing radiation source.
		CAFFREY, M. Kinetics and mechanism of the lamellar gel/lamellar liquid crystal and lamellar/inverted hexagonal phase transition in phosphatidylethanolamine: A real-time x-ray diffraction study using synchrotron radiation.
		Synchrotron x-ray damage of lipid membranes and mesophases.
	www.lipidat.chemistry.ohio-state.edu /mc2.htm (1705 words)

	Here come the T-rays
		Plans to build a new synchrotron ring dedicated to generating high-powered T-ray beams at Berkeley Lab's Advanced Light Source (ALS) are moving forward thanks in part to a recent collaborative experiment at the Thomas Jefferson Accelerator Facility.
		"Because this was a linac rather than a synchrotron, each pass of the electron beam through the bend magnet field carried new electrons, which meant a lot of timing jitter and current fluctuations that resulted in a low signal to noise ratio," says Martin.
		The projected cost for constructing this new synchrotron ring runs between $10 and $20 million, which is about the cost of one to two new premier X-ray beamlines at the ALS.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/ALS-t-rays.html (1072 words)

	Australian Synchrotron Forums - Strain/texture diffractometer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A wiggler on the Australian Synchrotron was supposed to reach 60keV with reasonable intensity.
		The ancillaries such as a furnace or tensile testing rig may be drivers for a larger capacity.
		However, I also think that scanning is important in y as well as z, and was therefore a bit doubtful about the home-made rail system you suggested.
	www.synchrotron.vic.gov.au /forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=37 (354 words)

	Subacute Neuropathological Effects of Microplanar Beams of X-Rays from a Synchrotron Wiggler -- Slatkin et al. 92 (19): ...
		Subacute Neuropathological Effects of Microplanar Beams of X-Rays from a Synchrotron Wiggler -- Slatkin et al.
		Thirty-six rats were exposed head-on either to an upright 4-mm-high, 20- or 37-µ m-wide beam or to a horizontal 7-mm-wide, 42-µ m-high beam of mostly 32- to 126-keV, minimally divergent x-rays from the X17 wiggler at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory.
		Parallel slices of the head, separated at either 75 or 200 µ m on center, were exposed sequentially at 310-650 grays (Gy) per second until each skin-entrance absorbed dose reached 312, 625, 1250, 2500, 5000, or 10,000 Gy.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/92/19/8783 (360 words)

	SSRL Faculty Research Interests
		The use of high-intensity synchrotron radiation for diffraction studies of proteins and phasing by anomalous scattering methods.
		Electronic and structural properties of surfaces and interfaces; application of synchrotron radiation for photoionization processes and electron scattering mechanisms; optics and beamline instrumentation for synchrotron radiation research.
		Use of synchrotron radiation for the characterization of semiconductor surfaces and interfaces.
	www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu /faculty/faculty_research.html (1593 words)

	Patent 5627871: X-ray tube and microelectronics alignment process
		Soft (low energy) x rays have been used for lithography and positioning, but have been produced by bulky equipment which is both expensive and not optimal for working with the relatively small wafers from which computer chips are made.
		In a synchrotron wiggler, the e-beam encounters a sharply alternating magnetic field.
		No heat can be generated in a wiggler because there is no solid matter and no phonons in the vacuum that can share the energy with the e-beam.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5627871.html (6563 words)

	Performance of the SRRC Storage Ring and Wiggler Commissioning - Kuo (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In February 1995, We installed a wiggler magnet of 1.8 tesla 25-pole in the ring and successfully commissioned.
		We describe the performance of the machine without wiggler magnet system and then report the wiggler effects on the...
		INTRODUCTION In the synchrotron storage ring at SRRC, we have observed transverse and longitudinal beam instabilities.
	sherry.ifi.unizh.ch /254098.html (450 words)

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