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	Bell's theorem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The QM predicted correlation is due to quantum entanglement of the pair, with the idea that their state is not determined until the point at which a measurement is made on one or the other.
		Bell's inequalities are tested by "coincidence counts" from a Bell test experiment such as the optical one shown in the diagram.
		The phenomenon of quantum entanglement that is implied by violation of Bell's inequality is just one element of quantum physics which cannot be represented by any classical picture of physics; other non-classical elements are complementarity and wavefunction collapse.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bell%27s_theorem (3072 words)

	Wigner-d'Espagnat inequality - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is named for Eugene Wigner and Bertrand d'Espagnat who (as pointed out by Bell) both employed it in their popularizations of quantum mechanics.
		Instead, they had to be derived in three distinct sets of trials, separately and pairwise by A and B, by A and C, and by B and C, respectively.
		Similar interdependencies between two particular measurements and the corresponding operators are the uncertainty relations as first expressed by Heisenberg for the interdependence between measurements of distance and of momentum, and as generalized by Edward Condon, Howard Percy Robertson, and Erwin Schrödinger.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wigner-d'Espagnat_inequality (801 words)

	Wigner, Eugene P(aul) - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Wigner, Eugene P(aul) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Hungarian-born US physicist who shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1963 for his work which introduced the notion of parity, or symmetry theory, into nuclear physics, showing that all nuclear processes should be indistinguishable from their mirror images.
		Wigner was one of the scientists who persuaded President Roosevelt to commit the USA to developing the atom bomb.
		After World War II Wigner became an advocate of nuclear arms control and, in 1960, was awarded the Atoms for Peace Award in recognition of his vigorous support for the peaceful use of atomic energy.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Wigner%2c+Eugene+P(aul) (408 words)

	Bell's theorem - TheBestLinks.com - Copenhagen interpretation, EPR paradox, TheBestLinks.com:How to edit a page, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		If the world has underlying local hidden variables, then Bell's inequalities must be obeyed by the "coincidence counts" from a Bell test experiment such as the optical one shown in the diagram.
		In the 1969 paper, incidentally, the inequality that was in fact recommended was not the CHSH inequality (which applies to two-channel experiments) but an adaptation to the single-channel case, the authors dismissing the former as impractical (Thompson, 2004).
		All three of Aspect's experiments violated their respective Bell inequalities and have been taken by the majority of physicists as convincing evidence of quantum entanglement and the impossibility of any local realist (local hidden variable) model for quantum events.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Bell__27__s_theorem.html (3274 words)

	[No title]
		Wigner, "Epistemological perspective on quantum theory", in C. Hooker (ed.), Contemporary research in the foundations and philosophy of quantum theory Proc.
		Wigner, "Interpretation of quantum mechanics", lectures originally given in the Physics Department of Princeton University during 1976, as revised for publication, 1981, [Wheeler-Zurek 83], pp.
		Wigner, "Quantum-mechanical distribution functions revisited", in W. Yourgrau, and A. van der Merwe (eds.), Perspectives in quantum theory, Dover, New York, 1979, pp.
	physmag.h1.ru /bibliography/W2.html (2387 words)

	Bell's Theorem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The fact that our final form of Bell's inequality is experimentally violated indicates that at least one of the three assumptions we have made have been shown to be wrong.
		The results of these tests are the same as the previous experiments: Bell's inequality is violated and the predicted Quantum correlations are confirmed.
		Wigner was one of many who was greatly troubled by this.
	www.upscale.utoronto.ca /PVB/Harrison/BellsTheorem/BellsTheorem.html (6434 words)

	BM02. Christian Theology and the Physics, Metaphysics, and Mathematics of David Bohm. Chapter 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		[19] A mathematical inequality can be derived ("Bell's theorem") if it is assumed that quantum mechanics has to do with the properties of elementary particles which are simply located as in classical mechanics, which in effect limits the number of particle pairs with specific properties which can be experimentally detected.
		derived the inequality in the context of hidden variables, but it does hold for any theory which is based on local correlations established when the systems separate initially.
		Modifications to the latter (in the realm of introducing nonmeasurable distributions) allow one to sidestep Bell's theorem, and further, to develop a hidden variables type of theory in which locality is preserved and which bypasses objections such as those of Bell and, in the tradition of von Neumann, those of Kochen and Specker.
	www.ksharpe.com /word/bm02chapter2.htm (6001 words)

	Wigner-d'Espagnat inequality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It is named for Eugene Wigner and Bertrand d'Espagnat who (as pointed by Bell) both employed it in their popularizations quantum mechanics.
		The failure of certain measurements (such as non-negative ratios in the example) to be at once together from one and the set of trials and thus their failure satisfy Wigner - d'Espagnat inequalities has been as constituting disproof of Einstein 's notion of local realism.
		Similar interdependencies between two particular measurements and the corresponding operators the uncertainty relations as first expressed by Heisenberg for the interdependence between measurements of and of momentum and as generalized by Condon Howard Percy Robertson and Erwin Schrödinger.
	www.freeglossary.com /Wigner-d'Espagnat_inequality (929 words)

	Uncertainty principle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The uncertainty principle alternatively derives as an expression of the Cramér-Rao inequality of classical measurement theory.
		This is an immediate consequence of the Cauchy-Bunyakovski-Schwarz inequality.
		Einstein assumed that there are similar hidden variables in quantum mechanics which underlie the observed probabilities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Uncertainty_principle (2152 words)

	Bell's theorem Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It states that a certain inequality has to be satisfied if the world works according to the principle of "local realism" but can be violated by quantum mechanics.
		Bell test experiments to date suggest that Bell's inequality is violated, and the general belief in the physics community is that they prove quantum mechanics is correct and local realism does not hold.
		For a derivation of the quantum-mechanical prediction see the page "Quantum mechanical Bell test prediction", which is based on section 2 of an encyclopaedia article written by Abner Shimony (Shimony, 2004), one of the authors of the original Clauser, Horne, Shimony and Holt article (Clauser, 1969) after which the CHSH Bell test is named.
	www.articleshead.com /show_article/bell%2527s-theorem (3333 words)

	[No title]
		Bandyopadhyay, and D. Lidar, "Entangling capacities of noisy non-local Hamiltonians", quant-ph/0308014.
		D 18, 2 (Special issue: Quantum interference and cryptographic keys: Novel physics and advancing technologies (QUICK) (Corsica, 2001), 197-210 (2002).
		Barnett, D. Pegg, and J. Jeffers, "`Bayes' theorem and quantum retrodiction", J.
	physmag.h1.ru /bibliography/B1.html (3896 words)

	Measurement in quantum mechanics FAQ
		In analyzing a test of Bell's inequality one must make some determination as to when an observation was complete, i.
		D. Bohm and B.J. Hiley, The Undivided Universe: an ontological interpretation of quantum theory (Routledge: London and New York, 1993).
		D 22, 362 (1980)) has received little attention over the one and one half decades since its conception.
	www.cs.uu.nl /wais/html/na-dir/physics-faq/measurement-in-qm.html (4565 words)

	Readings from quant-ph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Eisert analyses the Wigner function of a free particle linearly coupled to a heat bath of harmonic oscillators and shows that after a sufficiently long time the state of the particle can be represented as a mixture of minimal uncertainly Gaussians.
		Demonstrating what is currently possible, M. Anwar, D. Blazina, H. Carteret, S. Duckett, and J. Jones construct an NMR quantum computer which uses Grover's algorithm to find one needle in a total of four stalks in ``Implementing Grover's Quantum Search on a Para-Hydrogen based Pure State NMR Quantum Computer'' quant-ph/0407091.
		D. Buchholz and R. Haag, ``The Quest for Understanding in Relativistic Quantum Physics'' hep-th/9910243.
	www.poco.phy.cam.ac.uk /~mjd1014/readings.html (10956 words)

	Talk:EPR paradox - The Jiggies Reference Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This inequality holds true for all real number values of θ/2 which can be obtained; therefore in particular also for the three equal values which Alice and Bob obtained in their sequence of trials.
		As far as popular responses have been given to claims about violation of Bell's inequality, they appear only incoherent and therefore amount at best only to indirect criticisms to begin with; and as far as I know of coherent criticisms of claims about violation of Bell's inequality, I appear to be their author.
		I would prefer redirecting Bell inequality to EPR paradox, and introducing both the EPR paradox and Bell's inequality in the topic paragraph.
	www.jiggies.com /reference/Talk:EPR_paradox (2906 words)

	ncc
		It was recently proved that Bell’s inequalities are not compelling if time-like correlated parameters and a generalized probability density are considered (Hess and Philipp, 2001ab).
		Furthermore, there is the problem of "Wigner's friend" who is looking at a box with a conscious observer measuring a quantum superposition state.
		He rejected Wigner's approach and said that it "is untenable if we are to consider a universe containing more than one observer.
	www.marilia.unesp.br /atividades/extensao/revista/v3/artigo4.html (18127 words)

	PHYSICAL REVIEW D
		The experiment measured the correlation of coincident photon detection rate as a function of the angle between the linear polarization analyzers in the two arms of the experiment.
		The latter involves a variation of the former by introducing a second observer who observes what happens to the first observer (who replaces the cat) and by having both observers report their observations to a third observer.
		We have shown that the communication path between detectors in the Bell inequality experiments can span a spacelike interval and produce the quantum-mechanical result through the addition of two lightlike or timelike four-vectors having time components of opposite sign, thus accounting for the locality violations implied by the experimental results.
	www.npl.washington.edu /npl/int_rep/gat_80 (8965 words)

	Category:Inequalities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Her research is focused on contributing to a broader social project of recognizing and addressing inequalities; with long-term ethnographic research concerns situated interpretations of transnational capitalism.
		Committed to promoting the advancement of women in agriculture by addressing rural and agricultural inequalities and achieving the status of a political and economic force.
		The Socialist Health Association promotes health and well-being and the eradication of inequalities, in the UK and worldwide, through the application of socialist principles to society and government.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=Category:Inequalities (911 words)

	CHSH inequality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		For certain settings, the corresponding experimentally determined correlation numbers which are necessarily obtained from counts in four disjoint sets of trials, can be found to fail the CHSH inequality with considerable significance; as demonstrated for instance by Aspect et al.
		It is probably worth mentioning that the assumption of local hidden variables which vary between disjoint sets of trials, such as a trial index itself, does generally not allow the derivation of an inequality similar to that of CHSH.
		A related inequality has been discussed by Wigner, d'Espagnat, and Bell.
	www.eurofreehost.com /ch/CHSH_inequality_4.html (275 words)

	The Role of Knowledge and Culture in Public Policy on Illegal Drugs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The specifically modern evils of pollution, ecological degradation, growing inequality in the world, the thermonuclear threat, seem inseparable from the progress of scientific knowledge, and the subjugating and destructive powers that have arisen from scientific knowledge escape control because everyone "is becoming increasingly ignorant of existing knowledge", of "what science is and does in society".
		With humour and verve, Milan Kundera believes that the most important of his century was Flaubert's discovery of stupidity, which, he emphasizes, is even more significant than the most surprising ideas of Marx or Freud: far from yielding to science, technology, modernity and progress, stupidity, on the contrary, advances with progress.
		Technology enables us, in particular, to hope that we can solve certain flagrant problems of inequality through the social organization that it can better provide, on the condition that it is put in the hands of ethically sound individuals.
	www.parl.gc.ca /37/1/parlbus/commbus/senate/com-e/ille-e/library-e/koninck-e.htm (11572 words)

	Qubib (quantum bibliography) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Bird, D. M., and Preston, A. Observation of Berry geometrical phase in electron-diffraction from a screw dislocation.
		Cohen, D., Barnett, A., and Heller, E. Parametric evolution for a deformed cavity.
		Cohen, D., and Heller, E. Unification of perturbation theory, random matrix theory, and semiclassical considerations in the study of parametrically dependent eigenstates.
	www.iqc.ca /~hollivie/qubib.html (7761 words)

	Chapter8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		By the 1980s using a reliable experimental design results supported decisively that in the subatomic realm Bell's inequality is violated and the predictions of quantum theory are correct.
		The results were consistent with the interpretation that the measurement of a subatomic particle at one finish line instantaneously determines the state of its twin at another finish line, regardless of how far the two finish lines are apart.
		As the physicist E.P. Wigner has claimed, a measurement cannot legitimately be said to have taken place until it is acknowledged by the conscious awareness of a human being.
	www.hcc.hawaii.edu /~pine/Chapter8.htm (16543 words)

	Pedoe's inequality -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In other words, it is a symmetric function of the pair of triangles.
		"A Two-Triangle Inequality", D. Pedoe, The American Mathematical Monthly, volume 70, number 9, page 1012, November, 1963.
		"An Inequality for Two Triangles", D. Pedoe, Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, volume 38, part 4, page 397, 1943.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pe/pedoes_inequality1.htm (118 words)

	The world's top chsh inequality websites
		For certain settings, the corresponding experimentally determined correlation numbers which are necessarily obtained from counts in four disjoint sets of trials, can be found to fail the CHSH inequality with considerable significance; as demonstrated for instance by Alain Aspect et al.
		It is probably worth mentioning that even in this case these four correlation numbers P which were obtained from four disjoint sets of trials can nevertheless be expressed as intergrals over a hidden variable λ as shown and used above; but, merely, the domains of the corresponding four integrals cannot all have been equal.
		Another related inequality has been discussed by Wigner, d'Espagnat, and Bell.
	dirs.org /wiki-article-tab.cfm/chsh_inequality (991 words)

	References > B
		L Bombelli, R K Koul, G Kunstatter, J Lee and R D Sorkin, "On energy in five-dimensional gravity and the mass of the Kaluza-Klein monopole," Nucl.
		L Bombelli, J Lee, D A Meyer and R D Sorkin, "Space-time as a causal set," 12th International Conference on General Relativity and Gravitation (GR12), Boulder, CO, July 1989.
		L Bombelli and R D Sorkin, "When are two Lorentzian metrics close?," 12th International Conference on General Relativity and Gravitation (GR12), Boulder, CO, July 1989.
	www.phy.olemiss.edu /~luca/Refs/b.html (13209 words)

	Sense Perception and Reality
		The visual angle is the angle formed by the rays of light from the shape and projected on to the observer's retina.
		The angle, B, is the visual angle subtended by the target, S that lies at the distance, D, from the retina along the line of regard.(Source: Sensation and Perception, Schiffman)
		Where the visual angle is relatively small for example 10 degrees or less the formula tan B=S/D applies.
	homepages.paradise.net.nz /rochelle.f/Sense-Perception-and-Reality.html (15794 words)

	John Cramer: PHYSICAL REVIEW D. WSM explains Transactional Interpretation of Quantum Theory, Interconnection, EPR
		Home: Metaphysics of Space and the Wave Structure of Matter (WSM) as the Most Simple Science Theory of Physical Reality.
		demonstrate that locality is violated also in a Bell inequality test involving protons (i.e., massive charged fermions).
		Rev. D 11, 1424 (1974); 18, 349 (1978).
	www.spaceandmotion.com /Physics-Cramer-EPR.htm (10766 words)

	Definition of satisfy
		of trials together; otherwise they'd necessarily satisfy the Wigner - d'Espagnat inequalities.
		75:...the same set of trials, and thus their failure to satisfy Wigner - d'Espagnat inequalities, has been charac...
		Encyclopedia Index: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
	www.wordiq.com /search/satisfy.html (554 words)

	Scottsboro Boys bei eLexi - das Onlinelexikon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		William de Braose, First Lord of Bramber (d.
		Originally made for the Apple II, they were later ported to other platforms.
		William de Braose, Third Lord of Bramber (d.
	www.elexi.de /en/s/sc/scottsboro_boys.html (615 words)

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