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In the News (Fri 25 Jul 08)

  
 Community - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In human communities, intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs and a multitude of other conditions may be present and common, affecting the degree of adhesion within the mixture, but the definitive driver of community is that all individual subjects in the mix have something in common.
The rules of community that are found in nature have preserved life on this planet to this day and will most likely stay in place for some time to come.
A community is an amalgamation of living things that share an environment.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Community   (1488 words)

  
 Romanian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Even though Romanian has obvious lexical and grammatical similarities with French, Catalan, Spanish or Portuguese, it is not mutually intelligible with them to a practical extent; Romanian speakers will usually need some formal study of basic grammar and vocabulary, before being able to understand even the simplest sentences in those languages (and vice-versa).
Romanian is one of the five languages in which religious services are performed in the autonomous monastic state of Mount Athos, spoken in the sketae of Prodromos and Lacu (a sketa being a community of monks; sketae is plural).
Romanian is a Romance language, belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European language family, having much in common with languages such as French, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Romanian_language   (4421 words)

  
 Game - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Games were important to Wittgenstein's later thought; he held that language was itself a game, consisting of tokens governed by rough-and-ready rules that arise by convention and are not strict.
Games of pure skill are likely the oldest sort of game, and are found in all cultures, regardless of their level of material culture.
Games are played primarily for entertainment or enjoyment, but may also serve as exercise or in an educational, simulational or psychological role.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Game   (1716 words)

  
 Indonesian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Indonesian is a standardized dialect of the Malay language that was officially defined with the declaration of Indonesian independence in 1945, and the two languages remain quite similar.
Indonesian is part of the Western Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian languages.
Indonesian is spoken throughout Indonesia (and East Timor), although it is used most extensively in urban areas, and less so in the rural parts of Indonesia.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indonesian_language   (2032 words)

  
 Bulgarian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bulgarian demonstrates several linguistic innovations that set it apart from other Slavic languages, such as the elimination of noun declension, the development of a suffixed definite article (possibly inherited from the Bulgar language), the lack of a verb infinitive, and the retention and further development of the proto-Slavic verb system.
The first mention of the language as the "Bulgarian language" instead of the "Slavonic language" comes in the work of the Greek clergy of the Bulgarian Archbishopric of Ohrid in the 11th century, for example in the Greek hagiography of Saint Clement of Ohrid by Theophylact of Ohrid (late 11th century).
Bulgarian is an Indo-European language, a member of the Southern branch of the Slavic languages.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bulgarian_language   (2032 words)

  
 Tutorial - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
These tutorials are often led by graduate students, normally known as a "Teaching Assistant" or "TA", though it is not unknown for the primary instructor of a course, even if a full professor, to take a tutorial.
There are two kinds of software tutorials: movie tutorials that you watch, and interactive tutorials where you follow on-screen instructions (and in some cases watch short instruction movies), whereupon you do the tutorial exercises and get feedback depending on your actions.
In computing, a tutorial is a computer program whose purpose it is to assist users in learning how to use (parts of) a software product such as an office suite or any other application, operating system interface, programming tool, or game.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tutorial   (2032 words)

  
 Swedish language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Swedish is the national language of Sweden and the first language for the overwhelming majority of roughly eight million Swedish born inhabitants and acquired by one million immigrants.
Standard Swedish is the national language that evolved from the Central Swedish dialects in the 19th century and was well-established by the beginning of the 20th century.
Swedish is the sole official language of Åland, an autonomous province under the sovereignty of Finland, where 95% of the 26,000 inhabitants speak Swedish as a first language.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Swedish_language   (5898 words)

  
 Finnish language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Finnish is a member of the Finno-Ugric language family and is classified as an agglutinative language.
Finnish is one of two official languages of Finland (the other being Swedish, spoken by a 5% minority) and thus an official language of the European Union.
Finnish is a synthetic language of the agglutinative type.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Finnish_language   (5768 words)

  
 French language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The earliest extant text in French is the Oaths of Strasbourg from 842; Old French became a literary language with the chansons de geste that told tales of the paladins of Charlemagne and the heroes of the Crusades.
French (French: français) is the second of the Romance languages in terms of number of speakers, after Spanish and before Portuguese, being spoken by about 87 million people as a mother tongue, and altogether by some 180 million people, which includes second-language speakers who use French for daily communication.
French has been the only official language of Quebec since 1974, although it is commonly (and incorrectly) believed that the designation of French as the sole official language occurred in 1977 with the adoption of the Charter of the French Language (which is popularly referred to as Bill 101).
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_language   (3999 words)

  
 Utility - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Utility was originally viewed as a measurable quantity, so that it would be possible to measure the utility of each individual in the society with respect to each good available in the society, and to add these together to yield the total utility of all people with respect to all goods in the society.
A utility of 100 units towards a cup of vodka is twice as desirable as a cup of coffee with a utility level of 50 units.
A utility of 100 towards an ice-cream is not twice as desirable as a utility of 50 towards candy.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Utilities   (1180 words)

  
 Portuguese language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Portuguese Creoles are the mother tongue of Cape Verde and part of Guinea-Bissau's population.
Portuguese is written with the Latin alphabet, and makes use of the acute accent, the circumflex accent, the grave accent, the tilde, and the cedilla, to denote stress, vowel height, nasalization, and other sound changes.
Portuguese is often nicknamed The language of Camões, after the author of the Portuguese national epic The Lusiads; The last flower of Latium (Olavo Bilac); and The sweet language by Cervantes.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Portuguese_language   (5464 words)

  
 D-Day - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The terms D-day and H-hour are used for the day and hour on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated.
For example, Douglas MacArthur's invasion of Leyte began on "A-day", and the invasion of Okinawa began on "L Day".
In military parlance, D-Day (the "D" stands for "decision") is a term often used to denote the day on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/D-Day   (477 words)

  
 Day - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Days such as Christmas Eve, Hallowe'en, and the Eve of Saint Agnes are the remnants of the older pattern when holidays began the evening before.
A civil clock day is typically 86400 SI seconds long, but will be 86401 s long in the event of a leap second (or possibly 86399 s in the event of a reverse leap second, but a reverse leap-second has never happened yet).
A day as opposed to night is commonly defined as the period that sunlight reaches the ground, assuming that there are no local obstacles.
www.newlenox.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Day   (1095 words)

  
 Leon Day - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Day is noted for pitching a perfect season in 1937 (13-0) while playing for the Newark Eagles, and for his fastball.
Day is the only Hall of Famer to be enshrined into the Hall with a cap of a team outside the mainland United States.
Day was also a good hitter and baserunner, batting.320 in 1937.
www.leessummit.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Leon_Day   (340 words)

  
 Chinese language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chinese morphology is strictly bound to a set number of syllables with a fairly rigid construction which are the morphemes, the smallest building blocks, of the language.
Old Chinese (T:上古漢語S:上古汉语P:Shànggǔ Hànyǔ), sometimes known as 'Archaic Chinese', was the language common during the early and middle Zhou Dynasty (1122 BC - 256 BC), texts of which include inscriptions on bronze artifacts, the poetry of the Shijing, the history of the Shujing, and portions of the Yijing (I Ching).
Chinese is first known to have been written in Latin characters by Western Christian missionaries of the 16th century, but may be written down by Western travelers of missionaries of earlier periods.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chinese_language   (6038 words)

  
 Hebrew - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The term Hebrew is sometimes used by certain Christian groups to distinguish the Jews in ancient times (before the birth of Jesus) from Jews that lived afterward.
The word "Hebrew" most likely means "to cross over", and refers to the Semitic people crossing over the Euphrates River.
Hebrew, a Semitic language spoken mainly in Israel
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hebrew   (189 words)

  
 Game theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Game theory experienced a flurry of activity in the 1950s, during which time the concepts of the core, the extensive form game, fictitious play, repeated games, and the Shapley value were developed.
Game theory is a branch of applied mathematics that studies strategic situations where players choose different actions in an attempt to maximize their returns.
Game theorists may assume players always act rationally to maximize their wins (the Homo economicus model), but real humans often act either irrationally, or act rationally to maximize the wins of some larger group of people (altruism).
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Game_theory   (3878 words)

  
 Canonical - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This word is used by theologians and canon lawyers to refer to the canons of the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches, adopted by ecumenical councils.
Canonical variables are essential in the Hamiltonian formulation of physics, which is particularly important in quantum mechanics.
Various functions in mathematics are also canonical, like the canonical homomorphism of a group onto any of its quotient groups, or the canonical isomorphism between a finite-dimensional vector space and its double dual.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Canonical   (3878 words)

  
 International law - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Though states (or increasingly, international organizations) are usually the only ones with standing to address a violation of international law, some treaties, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights have an optional protocol that allows individuals who have had their rights violated by member states to petition the international Human Rights Committee.
International treaty law is comprised of obligations states expressly and voluntarily accept between themselves in treaties.
Some people assert that international law developed to deal with the new states arising, others claim that the lack of influence of the Pope and the Catholic church gave rise to the need for new generally-accepted codes.
www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/International_law   (2732 words)

  
 Esperanto - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Esperanto is particularly prevalent in the northern and eastern countries of Europe; in China, Korea, Japan, and Iran within Asia; in Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico in the Americas; and in Togo and Madagascar in Africa.
An estimate of the number of Esperanto speakers was made by Sidney S. Culbert, a retired psychology professor of the University of Washington and a longtime Esperantist, who tracked down and tested Esperanto speakers in sample areas of dozens of countries over a period of twenty years.
Esperanto can be described as "a language lexically predominantly romanic, morphologically intensively agglutinative and to a certain degree isolating in character" (Blanke 1985).
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Esperanto   (3588 words)

  
 Statistics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A common goal for a statistical research project is to investigate causality, and in particular to draw a conclusion on the effect of changes in the values of predictors or independent variables on a response or dependent variable.
In contrast, mathematical statistics (or simply statistical theory) is the subdiscipline of applied mathematics which uses probability theory and analysis to place statistical practice on a firm theoretical basis.
The word statistics is also the plural of statistic (singular), which refers to the result of applying a statistical algorithm to a set of data.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Statistics   (1509 words)

  
 History of Bulgaria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Resistance to the Germans and the Bulgarian regime was widespread by 1943, co-ordinated mainly by the Communists.
Bulgarian national feeling began to revive in the early 19th century under the influence of western ideas such as liberalism and nationalism, which trickled into the country after the French revolution, mostly via Greece.
Under Peter I and Boris II the country was divided by the egalitarian religious heresy of the Bogomils, and distracted by wars with the Hungarians to the north and the breakaway state of Serbia to the west.
www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/History_of_Bulgaria   (1509 words)

  
 Polish language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Polish is the main representative of the Lechitic branch of the Western Slavic languages.
Polish was once a lingua franca in various regions of Central and Eastern Europe, mostly due to the political, cultural, scientific and military influence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Polish is often said to be one of the most difficult languages for non-native speakers to learn; of course, this depends on one's native language.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polish_language   (1718 words)

  
 Cookbook - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
While western cookbooks usually group recipes for main courses by the main ingredient of the dishes, Japanese cookbooks usually group them by cooking techniques (e.g., fried foods, steamed foods, and grilled foods).
The term cookbook is sometimes used metaphorically to refer to any book containg already tried and tested "recipes" that others can use unchanged - for example a set of circuit designs in electronics, or the Anarchist Cookbook, a set of instructions on destruction and living outside the law.
A cookbook can also refer to a straightforward set of recipes or instructions for a specific field or activity other than cooking.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cookbook   (1718 words)

  
 One-day cricket - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
One-day cricket is popular with spectators as it can encourage aggressive, risky, entertaining batting, often results in cliffhanger endings, and ensures that a spectator can watch an entire match without committing to five days of continuous attendance.
One-day International matches are usually played in brightly coloured clothing (leading some to give it the unflattering nickname pyjama cricket), and often in a "day-night" format where the first innings of the day occurs in the afternoon and the second occurs under stadium lights.
One-day cricket is a version of the sport of cricket that is completed in one day, as distinct from Test cricket and first-class cricket which can take up to five days to complete.
www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/One-day_cricket   (1510 words)

  
 Japanese language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Japanese is a relative of extinct languages spoken by historic cultures of Korea and Manchuria.
Japanese is written primarily with a mix of Chinese characters (kanji) and kana, a pair of syllabaries originally derived from Chinese characters.
Japanese emigrant communities (the largest of which are to be found in Brazil) frequently employ Japanese as their primary language.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Japanese_language   (4493 words)

  
 Hebrew calendar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This figure, in a detail of a medieval Hebrew calendar, reminded Jews of the palm branch (Lulav), the myrtle twigs, the willow branches, and the citron (Etrog) to be held in the hand and to be brought to the synagogue during the holiday of sukkot, near the end of the autumn holiday season.
The Hebrew month is tied to an excellent measurement of the average time taken by the Moon to cycle from lunar conjunction to lunar conjunction.
As the Hebrew calendar was developed in the region east of the Mediterranean Sea, references to seasons reflect the times and climate of the Northern Hemisphere.
www.wikipedia.com /wiki/Hebrew+Calendar   (3743 words)

  
 Dutch language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dutch does have a relatively close genetic relationship to the descendants of Middle English (such as Modern English and Scots), since both belong to the West Germanic language family and both lack most or all of the High German consonant shift that characterizes the descendants of Middle High German (such as Modern German and Yiddish).
The rhotic pronunciation of causes some English-speakers to believe Dutch sounds similar to a Northern English accent; this is the reason for Bill Bryson's famous remark that when one hears Dutch one feels one ought to be able to understand it.
Dutch speakers are generally able to read German to a considerable degree, and German speakers (who can read English) can generally read Dutch to some extent.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dutch_language   (5869 words)

  
 Russian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Russian is the official language of Russia, and an official language of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Ukraine) and the unrecognized Moldovan Republic of Transnistria.
Russian belongs to the family of Indo-European languages, and is therefore related to Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin, as well as the modern Germanic, Romance, and Celtic languages, including English, French, and Irish, respectively.
Russian is primarily spoken in Russia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics of the USSR.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Russian_language   (2762 words)

  
 Wikipedia: Bihor
Bihor is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Transylvania region, with the capital city at Oradea (population: 206,527).
www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/b/bi/bihor.html   (115 words)

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