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Topic: Wilderness areas

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	Wilderness: A Western Concept
		Wilderness advocates are now turning their eyes northward an d are beginning to perceive the as yet unrealized potential for wilderness opportunities in the Arctic.
		Thus, wilderness, which had nurtured humans throughout their evolution into the Stone Ag e, was now abandoned by civilized man and was relegated to the realm of the unknown, engendering the fear and foreboding that humans so typically ascribe to the unknown.
		Designation of wilderness areas in the homeland of indigenous peoples of the Arctic by governments and pressures based outside of the Arctic is an ethnocentric act that reflects ignorance of, and insensitivity to, the cultures, interests, and concerns of arctic peoples.
	arcticcircle.uconn.edu /HistoryCulture/wilderness.html (4013 words)

	Wilderness Areas
		Wilderness areas are large tracts of land which have retained a natural character having little or no evidence of man. These areas are protected and managed in order to safeguard their virtually pristine condition.
		Wilderness areas are primitive and peaceful places, providing people with recreational and spiritual opportunities not often found elsewhere.
		Wilderness areas are part of our environmental heritage and are open to the public.
	www.botany.uwc.ac.za /Envfacts/Wilderness (316 words)

	Utah Designated Wilderness, Forest Service, BLM \| Utah.com
		In practical terms, wilderness is simply land managed in a way that allows for long-term continuation of natural ecosystems, and the preservation of places that are scientifically, geologically, or historically unique.
		On the simplest level, wilderness is land intended to provide opportunities for public use, enjoyment, and understanding.
		Although motor vehicles (and mountain bikes) are not allowed in wilderness areas except under special circumstances, wilderness is widely used for hunting, fishing, horseback riding, hiking, backpacking, and camping.
	www.utah.com /playgrounds/designated_wilderness.htm (354 words)

	KZN Wildlife - EZEMVELO KZN WILDLIFE POLICY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		wilderness areas require special attention to preserve the resources of solitude and naturalness, as well as conservation of the natural environment and communities in largely unmodified state.
		Promote the appropriate use of wilderness areas by visitors, in order to maintain the quality of wilderness resource while ensuring that visitors derive satisfaction and appreciate the value of wilderness areas.
		Maintain a wilderness ethic in the management authority and to promote a wilderness ethic among the public to ensure long term protection of wilderness areas.
	www.kznwildlife.com /Pol_Wilderness.htm (203 words)

	Conservation International - CI Newsroom - Press Releases - Global Analysis Finds Nearly Half The Earth Is Still ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The 37 wilderness areas identified in the book represent 46 percent of the Earth's land surface, but are occupied by just 2.4 percent of the world's population, excluding urban centers.
		Although the wilderness areas are still largely intact, they are increasingly threatened by population growth, encroaching agriculture and resource extraction activities.
		The five areas are Amazonia, the Congo Forests of Central Africa, New Guinea, the North American Deserts and the Miombo-Mopane Woodlands and Grasslands of Southern Africa.
	www.conservation.org /xp/news/press_releases/2002/120402.xml (921 words)

	Wilderness and Roadless Areas on the Colorado Plateau (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Wilderness and Roadless Areas on the Colorado Plateau
		Riparian forests of cottonwood and willow shaded the area's streams and rivers, a few large tracts of unlogged forest covered the high plateaus, and many now threatened or endangered species were common.
		Comparison of Roadless Areas of the Colorado Plateau in 1936 and 1992.
	www.cpluhna.nau.edu /Trends/wilderness.htm (665 words)

	National Park Service: Wilderness in the Columbia Cascades
		Wilderness in Craters of the Moon National Monument was among the first Wilderness Areas in the National Park System.
		Wilderness in the National Park System is managed in accordance with the Wilderness Act of 1964, as well as the Organic Act of the National Park Service and other relevant legislation such as the Archeological Resource Protection Act and the Endangered Species Act.
		Wilderness Areas in National Forests of the Pacific Northwest.
	www.nps.gov /ccso/wilderness.htm (281 words)

	National Wilderness Preservation System of the United States
		Wilderness areas are areas of undeveloped Federal land that retain their primeval character and influence, without permanent improvements or human habitation, which are protected and managed to preserve their natural conditions.
		These areas are established as part of the National Wilderness Preservation System according to the Wilderness Act of 1964, P.L. They are owned or administered by the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, or the National Park Service.
		Wilderness area information is also included in the National Atlas Federal Lands map layer.
	www.nationalatlas.gov /mld/wildrnp.html (225 words)

	California Wilderness Coalition: protecting our wild lands
		The idea of designating an area as wilderness - wild land left as is, for its own sake - is an American construct.
		Artists and writers in the mid-19th century led the charge for wilderness, with Henry David Thoreau arguing from his pond-side home in Concord, Mass., that wilderness sanctuaries were a necessary complement to civilization.
		Wilderness, in the oft-quoted line of the writer Wallace Stegner, is "the geography of hope." To have that geography capped, they argue, has had the same effect on some outdoor lovers as the fencing of the public range had on open-country cattle ranchers.
	www.calwild.org /press/nowild_nytimes050403.php (991 words)

	KZN Wildlife - Wilderness Areas History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The first wilderness areas were set aside in the then Province of Natal in the Umfolozi and St. Lucia Game Reserves in 1958.
		The access to these areas by both management staff and visitors is on foot or horseback and in the case of St. Lucia, by canoe.
		KZN Wildlife has inherited these areas and is charged with the management of them in such a way as to ensure that the wilderness resource of solitude and the pristine characteristics are preserved.
	www.kznwildlife.com /wilderness_hist.htm (220 words)

	Wilderness Invaders Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 1997-98, the Aldo Leopold Wilderness Reasearch Institute and the University of Montana conducted a survey of Wilderness areas to investigate the extent of exotic plant invasions.
		As areas set aside for the protection of native ecosystems from human activity, wilderness areas are clearly high priority for weed management.
		Wilderness often provides the best examples of our remaining natural areas, and a there is a legal mandate from the 1964 Wilderness Act to protect that naturalness.
	www.umt.edu /biology/leopold (389 words)

	Wilderness Act of 1964 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In addition, the Alaska Lands Act (P.L. 96-487) established 7 wilderness areas in Alaska, comprising 18,560,000 acres.
		This Act also provided for use of motorized vehicles and construction of cabins, fisheries and aquaculture facilities, and other structures in these wilderness areas, in recognition of the unique conditions in Alaska.
		Specific wilderness areas, acreages, and establishing legislation are listed in the "Annual Report of Lands under Control of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service" available from the Division of Realty, United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
	laws.fws.gov /lawsdigest/wildrns.html (244 words)

	Conservation International - CI Library - Books, Papers and Resources - Wilderness: Earth's Last Wild Places
		Wilderness: Earth's Last Wild Places continues the efforts made in that previous volume, combining nearly 300 breathtaking images of untamed lands and rare glimpses of the people who inhabit them with the most current scientific analyses of their endangered ecosystems.
		To qualify as "wilderness," the areas included must have 70 percent or more of their original vegetation, cover at least 10,000 square kilometers, and have fewer than five people per square kilometer.
		The result is a detailed document of the biological riches that can be found in each of the wilderness areas, with chapters that describe and illustrate them, highlight the human cultures unique to each area, and explain the threats to each region and the conservation measures in place.
	www.conservation.org /xp/CIWEB/library/books/wilderness.xml (507 words)

	The Wilderness of the World: Thirty-seven Wilderness Areas
		First of all, a wilderness area needs to be a distinct biogeographic unit, or a series of units (e.g., ecoregions) within a biome type that share certain biological features.
		For wilderness areas, we are proposing the opposite, that to qualify as a wilderness area, a region would have to be 70% or more intact as determined by remaining natural vegetation—meaning that no more than 30% of the region could be destroyed or significantly degraded by human activities.
		This is not a criterion for inclusion as a wilderness in itself, but rather one that distinguishes between wilderness areas that are important because of their size and intactness alone and those that are also rich in biodiversity.
	www.press.uchicago.edu /Misc/Chicago/9686397698.html (1807 words)

	Nature of the Northwest
		Wilderness is the America that was--wild land beyond the frontier that shaped the growth of our Nation and the character of its people.
		These areas possess outstanding opportunities for solitude and primitive types of recreation, and may contain ecological, geological, or other features of scientific, educational, scenic, or historical value.
		Wilderness areas are protected to allow natural ecological processes to operate freely, and managed so that man is a visitor who does not remain.
	www.naturenw.org /wilderness.htm (301 words)

	National Landscape Conservation System - Wilderness Areas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Wilderness areas are those special places where the earth and its community of life are essentially undisturbed; they retain a primeval character, without permanent improvements and generally appear to have been affected primarily by the forces of nature.
		Wilderness protects the habitat of numerous wildlife species and serves as a biodiversity bank for many species of plants and animals.
		Recreation is another obvious appeal of wilderness, and wilderness areas are seeing steadily increasing use from people who wish to experience freedom from the Nation’s fast-paced industrialized society.
	www.blm.gov /nlcs/wilderness (291 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Guide to Arizona's Wilderness Areas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		I would have prefer inclusion of all wilderness areas too, but it is still a solid book with a lot of good photos.
		All of these wilderness areas were established in 1990, well before the 1999 publication date.
		The areas are color-coded for reference, and each hike has a fact box for length, altitude, and difficulty so it's easy to search for a weekend destination.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1565792807?v=glance (803 words)

	Sierra National Forest - Recreation, Wilderness Areas
		The Sierra National Forest is responsible for managing five wilderness areas including: Ansel Adams, Dinkey Lakes, John Muir, Kaiser and Monarch Wilderness areas.
		Today, backpackers into wilderness areas are urged to use Leave No Trace ethics which encourages cooking on camp stoves and avoiding building campfires.
		Wilderness visitor’s who plan to travel into an adjacent National Park should be aware that National Parks do not permit pets.
	www.fs.fed.us /r5/sierra/recreation/wilderness/index.shtml (770 words)

	Adopt a Wilderness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The adopters also hike through their area, taking pictures and recording information about the values of the place, the plants and wildlife, the scenery, the hiking trails, and other points of interest.
		The adopters then verify the boundary of their adopted wilderness area, reviewing all the existing logging roads forming its perimeter and adding information about new roads and logged tracts that might not be on the maps.
		Additionally, the local efforts by adopters will educate local communities about wilderness areas near them that are in need of protection, thereby building a base of support for wilderness protection throughout Oregon.
	www.onrc.org /info/adopt.html (405 words)

	National Park Service - NPSWilderness
		Welcome to the official NPS source for updated information about wilderness area research, education, legislation, and preservation.
		Wilderness, as stated by the Wilderness Act of 1964, is "an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain."
		Wilderness serves as a repository of valuable ecological, geological, scientific, educational, and historical information.
	wilderness.nps.gov (139 words)

	Wilderness Areas on the Malheur Forest
		This is a new Wilderness in the old landscape of the eastern Strawberry Mountains.
		Established in 1984 by the Oregon Wilderness Act, the 19,620-acre Wilderness spills from the Malheur National Forest onto the adjacent Wallowa-Whitman National Forest.
		The area's diverse wildlife habitat is used by bear, deer, elk, badgers, and the rare wolverine.
	www.fs.fed.us /r6/malheur/rec/wild.htm (919 words)

	California Wilderness Coalition: protecting our wild lands
		We are also addressing the Bush Administration's ban on more wilderness as well as the controversial RS 2477, with which county governments and others are claiming thousands of spurious "rights-of-way" to build roads across our national parks, forests, wilderness, and other public lands.
		We have created maps of potential state wilderness and are now in the process of sending staff and volunteers to field-check areas eligible for wilderness protection.
		The California Wilderness Coalition mourns the recent loss of a longtime friend, Mark Weinberger, a pre-eminent public interest lawyer and environmental advocate.
	www.calwild.org (439 words)

	IMBA News: News Releases: IMBA Announces Strategy for Wilderness and Mountain Biking (02-10-05)
		The blanket ban on bicycling in Wilderness Areas and its effect on future trail access continues to be a focus for the International Mountain Bicycling Association (IMBA) in 2005.
		Contributing to this debate is a recently published legal analysis of the Wilderness Act of 1964.
		IMBA's policy and position on Wilderness is determined by its nine-member board of directors with assistance from IMBA staff and consultants.
	www.imba.com /news/news_releases/02_05/02_10_wilderness.html (703 words)

	Chicago Wilderness: A Regional Nature Reserve
		Living among them, on islands of green, are thousands of species of native plants and animals - species that make up some of the rarest natural communities on earth.
		We call these communities, and the lands and waters that are their homes, Chicago Wilderness.
		The Chicago Wilderness consortium is an unprecedented alliance of more than 170 public and private organizations working together to protect, restore, study and manage the precious natural ecosystems of the Chicago region for the benefit of the public.
	www.chiwild.org (126 words)

	Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness
		We often think of wilderness as a place for people, as areas to renew and refresh the soul.
		However, wilderness also protects watersheds, serves as critical habitat for threatened and endangered wildlife, improves air quality, and maintains biological diversity.
		With over 200,000 people visiting per year, it is one of the most heavily used wilderness areas in the country.
	www.bwcaw.org (1221 words)

	About Wilderness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		And wilderness is a natural retreat from the stress of our everyday lives.
		In short, Wilderness is designated by Congress on federal public lands -- National Parks, Forests, and Wildlife Refuges, and Bureau of Land Management lands -- and is the highest form of protection for federal lands.
		But as much as 200 million additional acres of federal public lands may be suitable for Wilderness, and so we and others continue the fight to win Wilderness designation for those lands -- because once an area falls victim to roads or other destructive activity, that land is no longer eligible for Wilderness designation.
	www.wilderness.org /OurIssues/Wilderness/about.cfm (481 words)

	Wilderness Challenge - 4WD Adventure Holidays Cape York, Daintree, Gulf Savannah, Kakadu...
		Wilderness Challenge operates day tours, accommodated safaris and camping safaris across the Tropical Savannahs and Rainforests of northern Australia
		A Wilderness Challenge safari is so much more than simply visiting these superlative natural and cultural Australian treasures.
		We continually tune our itineraries to maximise your experience, relaxation and comfort and our dedicated, enthusiastic, professional interpretive Guides will ensure your journey of discovery is not just a ride to an outback icon, but an emotional, educational and fun experience you’ll get with few other holidays.
	www.wilderness-challenge.com.au (261 words)

	Securing wilderness area’s future (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The landscape was colored in the subdued hues of late summer: orange, brown and the faded gold of crested wheat and needle-and-thread grass contrasting with deep-green ponderosa pines standing sentinel-like on nearby ridges.
		The Dominguez Canyon area is part of the largest BLM roadless area in the state, and stretches in elevation from 4,800 feet along the Gunnison River to 9,000 feet on the Uncompahgre Plateau.
		The area is seasonal home to elk, mule deer, mountain lion, fl bear, wild turkeys and a small herd of desert bighorn sheep.
	www.gjsentinel.com /sports/content/sports/stories/2005/10/04/10_5_OUT_gates_WWW.html (1037 words)

	Welcome to Rocky Mountain National Park
		When the Wilderness Act established the National Wilderness Preservation System, most of the wilderness areas created under the Act were located in the west.
		As a national park and wilderness, the Park's meadows, forests, alpine peaks and tundra, and everything associated with them, must be protected in perpetuity.
		Visitors who wish to experience these areas should prepare their trips well in advance and should practice the principles of Leave No Trace so that the park's wilderness is protected for future generations of adventurers.
	www.nps.gov /romo/resources/wilderness.html (416 words)

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