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Topic: Wildlife crossing

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Roadkill

White Deer, Texas

Amphibia

Deer Park, Illinois

	Wildlands CPR - Missoula, Montana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Wildlife crossing structures come in many sizes and shapes; their features will ultimately depend on the needs of the myriad of species that inhabit the area of consideration.
		Crossing structures are slowly being incorporated into the road plans of transportation agencies around the globe; however, very little research has been done on their true effectiveness.
		Although the wildlife crossing structures have resulted in a reduction of roadkill and has increased road permeability for wildlife there is still much controversy revolving around the benefits of these mitigation efforts for large carnivores.
	www.wildlandscpr.org /resourcelibrary/reports/EvaluationByMaureenHartmann.htm (7669 words)

	Southern Rockies Ecosystem Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		This wildlife linkage serves as one of the last remaining forested connections for wildlife moving north-south through the heart of the Rocky Mountains.
		Wildlife crossing structures including overpasses and underpasses, in conjunction with wildlife fencing, are a proven and effective way to reduce animal-vehicle collisions and maintain landscape connectivity.
		Wildlife fencing will be installed on the bridge and along the highway connecting the existing span bridges east of the Town of Vail with the new overpass, located just west of Vail Pass.
	www.restoretherockies.org /wildlife_bridge.html (737 words)

	Wildlands CPR - Missoula, Montana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Wildlife crossing structures come in many sizes and shapes; their features ultimately depending upon the ecological and behavioral needs of the diverse species that inhabit an area.
		Low crossing rates may also be attributed to the time it takes certain species to adapt to and use a crossing structure.
		In some cases the carnage on roads has decreased as much as 97%, and wildlife ranging from salamanders to large grizzly bears and panthers are passing through the structures to reach vital habitat.
	www.wildlandscpr.org /databases/legalnotes/legal_7.0.html (1612 words)

	Highways and Wildlife: Problems and Solutions
		Increased knowledge of wildlife movements, use of habitat, and reactions to highways, in addition to greater experience with innovative roadway designs, offer opportunities to lessen the negative impacts of roads on native fauna.
		Although wildlife mortality information for some listed species is recorded by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Bureau of Wildlife Research (Wooding and Brady 1987; Maehr, Land and Roelke 1991; Figure 1), very little information on the extent of this problem for all species within the state has been collected.
		Once the location of a public transportation route is decided, monitoring wildlife movement patterns before construction will help determine best placement of effective structures such as underpasses (Figure 2) and fences.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /UW158 (2109 words)

	Wildlife Crossings -
		Using animal behavior to help design wildlife crossing structures is a successful way to ensure structures will be used by their intended design species.
		Most wildlife species prefer to be away from human activities, particularly many of those that have special management status such as threatened or endangered species.
		These movements are often unpredictable in direction, and sometimes the location of a crossing structure for a dispersing animal such as a lynx or grizzly bear may be far from suitable habitat.
	www.wildlifecrossings.info /sa015.htm (1681 words)

	Defenders of Wildlife - Wildlife Crossing Structures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Wildlife underpasses are tunnels, culverts or other structures that often include fencing and strategically placed vegetation to funnel animals to the safe crossing points which help to keep them off the road.
		Therefore, the bigger the opening and the greater the line of sight, the better for wildlife, as most species are reluctant to enter culverts or small crossings that look more like a trap than safe passage.
		The expense means that wildlife crossing structures are built only in the most critical habitat areas, and usually are spaced more than a mile apart.
	www.defenders.org /wildlife/flbears/wildlifecrossing.html (620 words)

	Critter Crossings - Amphibian-Reptile Wall and Culverts
		Thousands of animals from more than 80 species are killed every year on the nearly 2-mile (3.2-km) section that crosses Paynes Prairie State Preserve just outside Gainesville.
		Most are frogs, turtles, and snakes attempting to cross the road to mate and to forage for food.
		In 1997 a multi-disciplinary "Paynes Prairie Working Group" representing state transportation and natural resource agencies, environmental groups, and the University of Florida met to brainstorm ways to curb the death toll and help animals resume their natural movement patterns.
	www.fhwa.dot.gov /environment/wildlifecrossings/amphibin.htm (506 words)

	Wildlife getting help crossing roads - Environment - MSNBC.com
		And Florida, already successful in using crossings to reduce highway deaths of the endangered panthers that roam the Everglades, has now allocated $125,000 to see if a solution can be found to save thousands of turtles from being flattened by cars on U.S. Highway 27 at Lake Jackson near Tallahassee.
		The crossing structures range from small culverts beneath a roadway for reptiles to overpasses 100 feet wide or more, planted with trees and other vegetation to match the pieces of the forest they connect.
		The jury is still out on how well wildlife crossings address the overall issue of habitat connectivity and if they are truly cost-effective, although there is positive data.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/8409303 (848 words)

	Wildlife Crossingsâ”Wild Animals and Roads
		As with all wildlife passage structures, well-maintained fences along the highway rights-of-way are critical to guiding wildlife to the structures while restricting their access to the highway itself.
		Helping wildlife cross roads that bisect remaining natural lands is an important component of this collaborative effort.
		Even in urban and suburban areas in which most wildlife habitat has succumbed to strip malls and housing developments, there is a need to connect stream valleys, parks, and other open space for wildlife and to provide them safe passage across the roads in their habitats.
	www.hsus.org /wildlife/issues_facing_wildlife/wildlife_crossings_wild_animals_and_roads (744 words)

	Wildlife Crossings -
		Crossing of two highways, or a highway and a railroad, at different levels.
		A group of related or unrelated wildlife or plant species that can be managed as a group because of similar habitat requirements.
		A common type referred to in wildlife issues is the “Texas” barrier which is higher than the typical Jersey barrier and more difficult for wildlife to cross.
	www.wildlifecrossings.info /glossaryg-l.htm (1047 words)

	American Wildlands - Highway 93: A Showcase for Wildlife Crossing Structures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The tribe, MDT and the Federal Highway Administration collaborated on a wildlife and fish mitigation plan that may serve as a new, innovative model for placing crossing structures in key wildlife corridor areas within the Rockies.
		On the 56-mile stretch of highway from Evaro to Polson, 42 crossings for fish and wildlife are provided in the plan.
		The success of wildlife crossing "is dependent upon preserving and restoring the habitat abutting both sides of the highway; and therefore, MDT will diligently seek to acquire institutional control (i.e.
	www.wildlands.org /corridor/high93.html (482 words)

	Campaign News • Thousands commen
		That wildlife crossing over the entire freeway is important to elk and other species that prefer overcrossings.
		A major crossing structure at this CRA would re-establish more natural riparian habitat along this stream that is used by bull trout and other salmonids.
		Wildlife bridges and associated structures (retaining walls and fences) will reduce the risk of collisions between vehicles and animals.
	www.i90wildlifebridges.org /comments.htm (2706 words)

	Wildlife corridor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A wildlife corridor is the joining of fragmented habitats.
		Wildlife corridors are created as a means of conservation or general improvement of the environment.
		Wildlife corridors are susceptible to the edge effect, that is that certain species do not prosper near the edges of an ecosystem.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wildlife_corridor (117 words)

	RMAD - FAQ Wildlife
		Because most wildlife agencies have little tolerance for bears who become habituated to humans, “a fed bear is a dead bear.”; Bears who associate humans with food lose their fear of humans and therefore often end up being killed.
		If the area is not yet marked, request a wildlife crossing designation from the agency responsible for transportation issues in your city or state.
		People and Wildlife (http://peopleandwildlife.org.uk/) is "a partnership between the Wildlife Conservation Research Unit (WildCRU) and Born Free Foundation, seeking to resolve conflicts between the needs of people and those of wildlife, and develop long-term, humane solutions."
	www.rmad.org /faq_wildlife.html (2331 words)

	Audubon: Cutting Edge
		Wildlife crossings have proven successful in Europe, where the loss of wildlife and habitat is a centuries-old issue.
		The researchers found that some tortoises were crossing through culverts beneath the highway, a journey that averaged seven hours.
		Thousands of wildlife crossings now exist in the United States, from culverts to bridges and elevated roadways.
	magazine.audubon.org /cuttingedge/cuttingedge0306.html (1915 words)

	Bozeman Pass Wildlife Linkage and Highway Safety Study
		Track plates may be baited to attract animals that are traveling along the margins of the highway and may be attempting to cross, but baiting will not be used where it may cause animals to approach the highway and thus influence their natural movement routes.
		GPS data may be extremely important to verify crossing points and attempted crossing points and ultimately may provide the most convincing evidence to the Department of Transportation in terms of justifying the expense of a mitigating structure at a certain location.
		Progress reports and a final report including GIS maps of crossing sites will be prepared and distributed to all involved parties including the Montana Department of Transportation which will receive continual communications and reports that are consistent with their construction and maintenance planning schedules.
	www.grizzlybear.org /bozeman_pass_study.htm (2848 words)

	Common Types of Wildlife Crossing Structures - Barriers
		The Wildlife Crossings Toolkit is a combined effort and partnership of several entities who all felt the need for a concise but thorough, one-stop shopping source of information on wildlife and highway interaction issues.
		The Wildlife Crossings Toolkit is a project proposed and initiated by the USDA Forest Service’s San Dimas Technology and Development Center.
		Their ‘Wildlife, Fisheries, and Transportation Web Gateway’ provides a motherlode of information, including a searchable bibliography of pertinent works on transportation and the environment, a roster of research work in progress, and the electronic repository for the proceedings of all of the International Conferences on Transportation and the Environment (ICOET).
	www.wildlifecrossings.info /who.htm (819 words)

	How Did the Box Turtle Cross the Road? With a Wildlife Crossing.
		Thanks to our caller, we thought we could answer the first question—where do turtles cross on the road?—since she had observed an unusually high number of box turtle adults (six) crushed in one section last summer.
		It is far more difficult to predict where box turtles will want to cross the road because, as terrestrial turtles (those who don't rely on lakes, ponds, or the ocean), they do not home in on bodies of water.
		The current thinking on wildlife crossings dictates that structures designed to funnel wild animals under roads should be "high, wide, and handsome," so that animals do not feel confined and are able to easily see what's on the other side.
	www.hsus.org /wildlife/issues_facing_wildlife/wildlife_crossings_wild_animals_and_roads/turtle_cross_the_road.html (1559 words)

	RMAD: Wildlife Crossing Bill
		Those results have confirmed that CWD in free-ranging wildlife in Colorado remains confined to a small area in the northeastern part of the state and that the level of infection has not changed appreciably, remaining on the average at about five percent.
		Unfortunately many wildlife officials are unwilling to objectively analyze this technology because they are either unfamiliar with its many useful applications or have a vested interest in selling hunting licenses as a source of revenue for their operating budgets.
		Managing wildlife in a framework that is rooted in concepts such as “maximum sustained yield” and “harvestable surplus” underscores the grim reality that despite claims to the contrary, there is nothing “natural” about the recreational killing of wildlife.
	www.rmad.org /wastingcomments.html (3242 words)

	The Payson Roundup: Elk crossing
		He said research shows that the highway is a deterrent to only 12 percent of wildlife that would cross.
		Goodman said a goal of the fence is to funnel elk and wildlife east of the Preacher Canyon Bridge where trees and brush have been cleared.
		Sometime in July, wildlife will be funneled to the crossing zone where they will be going over the highway.
	www.paysonroundup.com /section/frontpage_lead/story/24150 (769 words)

	Fresh Tracks Indicate Rare Canada Lynx "Just Passing Through" Jefferson, N.H. -- N.H. Fish and Game
		The purpose of the project is to gain information about wildlife movements up to, across and away from US Route 2 and Route 115 within the study area.
		To date, more than 3,000 highway crossings have been recorded in the study area by a combination of deer, moose, coyotes, red fox, grey fox, fisher, bobcat, otter and now Canada lynx.
		It is also involved in statewide conservation research and wildlife monitoring projects, protects thousands of acres of wildlife habitat, and advocates for sound public policy on environmental issues.
	www.wildlife.state.nh.us /Newsroom/News_2006/News_2006_Q1/Lynx_tracks_found_020106.htm (603 words)

	Jackson Hole Wildlife Foundation \| News Updates
		In October, the Wildlife Foundation launched a year-long study that promises to provide a comprehensive picture of how roads are impacting wildlife populations in Jackson Hole.
		The goal of this study is to compile comprehensive data regarding the causes of road-related wildlife mortality and research roadkill reduction projects that have been successfully implemented in other areas.
		The Roadway and Wildlife Crossing Study is the first step in the right direction to help make transportation in Teton County safer for both humans and wildlife.
	www.jhwildlife.org /new.html (543 words)

	Wildlife crossing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A viaduct for wildlife crossing in the Netherlands
		Carnivores prefer structures close to major drainages and tend to avoid crossings close to town or with high levels of human activity.
		Well-maintained fences along the highway rights-of-way are critical to guiding wildlife to the structures while restricting their access to the highway itself.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wildlife_crossing (466 words)

	Fourth Crossing Wildlife (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Many wildlife organisations play no active role in the provision of care information to non-licensed carers despite the fact that the provision of such information might assist in ensuring the general health and well being of an Australian native animal.
		Many voluntary wildlife organisations play no active part in the fight to conserve habitat and instead focus their respective efforts on the rescue, rehabilitation, and release of surrendered, injured, and orphaned native animals.
		Fourth Crossing is such a refuge, as too are many of our neighbour's properties, and these properties provide valuable habitat for animals that include platypus, echidna, wombat, kangaroo, wallaroo, wallaby, possums, gliders, more than 100 species of native bird, and numerous reptiles.
	www.fourthcrossingwildlife.com (604 words)

	Western Transportation Institute - Project Info.
		For example, studies have shown that wildlife use crossing structures, but level of use varies between species of wildlife, locations and landscapes, and the reasons why are unclear.
		Others have inferred that crossing structure location, particularly in relation to habitat quality, might be the most important design feature of successful wildlife crossing structure applications.
		After nearly a decade of increased activity building crossing structures, engineers and land managers still lack guiding principles as a large void exists in devising functional designs based on criteria that are relevant to real management decisions.
	www.coe.montana.edu /wti/wti/display.php?id=146 (522 words)

	Wildlife Crossing
		Ruediger knew, though, that highways were — and are — a significant conservation issue and he resolved to bring it to the attention of wildlife biologists, highway engineers and the public.
		In Ruediger's words: "Individual carnivores must cross highways to sustain themselves and the populations they are associated with." And each crossing comes at the risk of collision.
		The development of new paved highways, the paving of gravel roads and the upgrading of existing highways should be considered severe and permanent impacts on carnivores, Ruediger said.
	lynx.uio.no /lynx/nancy/news/mojy986j.htm (1562 words)

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