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Topic: Wildlife refuge

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	Upper Souris National Wildlife Refuge: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This 32,000-acre Refuge, managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, is an important unit in a series of national wildlife refuges in the great waterfowl migration corridor know as the Central Flyway.
		The purpose for establishing the Refuge in 1935 was "...as a refuge and breeding ground for migratory birds and other wildlife.." The Refuge habitat is managed for diversity to provide the life requirements of all wildlife.
		Refuge brochures covering fishing, hunting, canoe trails, the scenic drive, mammals, birds, and native grasses are available at the Office/Visitor Center, as well as the information site southwest of the dam.
	www.r6.fws.gov /refuges/souris/SOURIS.HTM (1255 words)

	wildlife refuge. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Refuges have been established for big game (e.g., bison, bighorn sheep, and elk), small resident game, waterfowl, and colonial nongame birds (e.g., pelicans, terns, and gulls).
		Although the main purpose of the refuge system is to ensure survival of wildlife by providing suitable cover, food, and protection from humans, many refuges permit hunting and fishing in season and other recreational activities such as hiking, boating, and swimming.
		Refuges have been established by private individuals and societies (the Nature Conservancy and the National Audubon Society are notable for their pioneering conservation work) and by all levels of government.
	www.bartleby.com /65/wi/wildlfref.html (542 words)

	Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Wildlife and plant life that live in or use the seasonally rich coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge are triply at risk.
		First, oil exploration and extraction activities are concentrated in the refuge’s most critical and sensitive areas such as calving grounds for the Porcupine caribou herd and denning areas for one of America’s two polar bear populations.
		There, because many migrating bird species such as trumpeter swans and arctic terns visit the refuge in anticipation of a short, uninterrupted burst of food resources to feed themselves and develop their young prior to migration, disturbances of any duration could have population-wide impacts.
	www.arcticwildlife.org /oil10myths.htm (1299 words)

	Wildlife Refuge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Wildlife Tours: Scheduled wildflower tours are coordinated during the spring season on designated trails at the Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge.
		Wildlife Observation: Watching wildlife is a four-season opportunity in the Refuge that you can enjoy whether you are driving the roads or hiking the trails.
		The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service establishes the quota zone dates and regulations after the MVP or Mississippi Valley Population makes recommendations on quotas and seasons that affect birds during their migration and wintering season.
	www.midamer.net /wctb/wildlife.htm (490 words)

	Arapaho National Wildlife Refuge: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
		Arapaho National Wildlife Refuge is located in an intermountain glacial basin south of Walden, county seat of Jackson County, Colorado.
		Arapaho National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1967 to furnish waterfowl with a suitable place to nest and rear their young.
		To the east in the undulating prairies of the Dakotas and Minnesota, thousands of waterfowl-producing wetlands have been and continue to be destroyed by drainage and filling activities due to farming operations, road construction, and housing developments.
	arapaho.fws.gov (1213 words)

	Cape Cod Connection - Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge
		Public use of designated trails within the refuge for wildlife observation, study, and photography is permitted from sunrise to sunset.
		The National Wildlife Refuge System is a network of lands and waters managed specifically for the protection of wildlife and wildlife habitat and represents the most comprehensive wildlife management progrm in the world.
		The character of the refuges is as diverse as the nation itself.
	www.capecodconnection.com /monomoy/monomoy.htm (1055 words)

	Lee Metcalf National Wildlife Refuge - Located in the Bitterroot Valley - Stevensville, Montana
		The Refuge was established in 1963 to provide habitat for migratory birds.
		The name of the Refuge honors the late U.S. Senator Lee Metcalf, who was a local high school graduate and had a lifelong commitment to conservation.
		The mission of the Refuge is to manage habitat for a diversity of wildlife species with emphasis on migratory birds and endangered and threatened species, and to provide compatible human benefits associated with Refuge wildlife and wildlands.
	leemetcalf.fws.gov (180 words)

	Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Fur and Refuge Division of the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries is responsible for several aspects of wildlife management in the state, mostly in the coastal zone.
		The Fur and Refuge Division is responsible for management and supervision of fur, alligator, reptile, and amphibian resources within the state.
		Many pioneers of wildlife refuge doctrine, including McIlhenny, maintained that preservation and protection of a pristine habitat was all that was required to sustain productivity for wildlife.
	www.wlf.state.la.us /apps/netgear/index.asp?cn=lawlf&pid=57 (1082 words)

	Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge
		The Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge, a unit of Gateway National Recreation Area, is one of the most important urban wildlife refuges in the United States.
		The Wildlife refuge is nationally and internationally renowned as a prime birding spot where thousands of water, land and shorebirds stop during migration.
		Due to introduction of native species and creation of conducive habitat, Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge is the home to breeding reptiles and amphibians, small mammals and butterflies.
	www.brooklynbirdclub.org /jamaica.htm (1051 words)

	Merritt Island Natiional Wildlife Refuge, Titusville, Florida - Black Point Drive
		The refuge is managing the pine flatwoods bordering this and other marshlands for the growth of the nest trees, and the marsh for fish and waterfowl, the eagles' preferred food.
		Allan D. Cruickshank was a famous wildlife photographer, writer, and naturalist who was instrumental in the establishment of Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge.
		In 1969, the refuge began removing the dikes on this marsh, and the natural salt marsh is slowly restoring itself.
	www.nbbd.com /godo/minwr/BlackPoint (2917 words)

	Encyclopedia: National Wildlife Refuge
		National Wildlife Refuge is a designation for certain protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
		The USFWS logo The United States Fish and Wildlife Service is a unit of the United States Department of the Interior that is dedicated to managing and preserving wildlife.
		National Wildlife Refuges in the U.S. Protected areas of the United States This is a list of some 300 of the National Wildlife Refuges in the United States.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/National-Wildlife-Refuge (302 words)

	Aransas NWR
		The Aransas National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1937 to protect the vanishing wildlife of coastal Texas.
		You will find the refuge to be an excellent place for observing and studying wildlife and plants.
		The Refuge Public Use Area is open from sunrise to sunset.
	www.fws.gov /southwest/refuges/texas/aransas.html (773 words)

	Ruby Marsh Wildlife Refuge, Ruby Valley, Nevada
		Today the Valley is visited by tourists and others to fish, hunt, camp and observe the birds and wildlife on the Ruby Lake National Wildlife Refuge and the Dr. Harry M. Gallagher Fish Hatchery that raises eggs and trout for stocking the rivers, lakes and streams of Nevada.
		The Ruby Lake National Wildlife Refuge was purchased from Albert Hankins and established in 1938/39 by the U. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service.The refuge covers 37,632 acres in the south end of Ruby Valley.
		The staff at the Refuge Headquarters has many handouts and maps for the visitors and are helpful and very knowledgeable of the area and its history.
	www.webpanda.com /white_pine_county/Places/ruby_marsh.htm (1112 words)

	Welcome to the J. N. "Ding" Darling National Wildlife Refuge
		The J. "Ding" Darling National Wildlife Refuge is located on the subtropical barrier island of Sanibel in the Gulf of Mexico.
		The refuge is part of the largest undeveloped mangrove ecosystem in the United States.
		There was some vegetation blocking the Wildlife Drive and trails that took the refuge staff a few days to remove.
	dingdarling.fws.gov (168 words)

	Quogue Wildlife Refuge - NYSDEC Region 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Quogue Wildlife Refuge (the Refuge) is a cooperatively managed 305-acre natural resource area encompassing the headwaters of the Quantuck Creek drainage basin.
		The Refuge is unique in that the land is owned by three principal landowners and is managed by a fourth partner through long term lease agreements.
		Quogue Wildlife Refuge is the primary venue for educational outreach on Long Island for the DEC. More than twenty environmental groups regularly use the facility for meetings and seminars.
	www.dec.state.ny.us /website/reg1/quogue.html (747 words)

	HIRUNDO WILDLIFE REFUGE
		Hirundo Wildlife Refuge is a self-supporting trust administered by the Trustees of Hirundo Wildlife Refuge.
		In 1983, the entire refuge was donated to the University of Maine to be used for educational purposes.
		As the Hirundo Wildlife Refuge was being developed, artifacts were found along the river bank that later proved to be left by a tribe known as the Red Paint people.
	hirundo.home.mindspring.com (1207 words)

	St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge - US Fish & Wildlife Service
		The refuge includes coastal marshes, islands, tidal creeks and estuaries of seven north Florida rivers, and is home to a diverse community of plant and animal life.
		The refuge also has strong ties to a rich cultural past, and is home to the St. Marks Lighthouse, which was built in 1832 and is still in use today.
		Special Use Permits: Outside of research projects, requests to use refuge facilities for special functions and/or group activities must be made in writing to the Refuge Manager at least 6 weeks in advance of the activity.
	saintmarks.fws.gov (851 words)

	Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge
		NISQUALLY National Wildlife Refuge, on the Nisqually River Delta in southern Puget Sound, was established in 1974 for the protection of migratory birds.
		Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge is one of over 544 National Wildlife Refuges in the United States.
		The mission of the Refuge System is to administer a national network of lands and waters for the conservation, management, and where appropriate, restoration of the fish, wildlife, and plant resources and their habitats within the United States for the benefit of present and future generations of Americans.
	nisqually.fws.gov (189 words)

	GORP - Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge - Louisiana
		Wildlife Observation: During winter months waterfowl usually may be seen in Unit B. In addition, many types of wildlife including waterfowl may be seen throughout the year from 4 miles of public roads in Lacassine Pool.
		The only weapons and ammunition which may be possessed while in the field are archery equipment during the refuge archery deer season, and shotguns and non-toxic shot in the waterfowl hunting area during the refuge waterfowl hunting seasons.
		Harassing Wildlife: All wildlife including frogs, turtles and snakes, both nonpoisonous and poisonous, are protected on the refuge.
	gorp.away.com /gorp/resource/us_nwr/la_lacas.htm (2023 words)

	Aransas National Wildlife Refuge
		On their journey between North and Central America, warblers concentrate on the refuge from mid April to early May. Mild winters, by waters and abundant food supplies attract over 389 bird species to Aransas, including pelicans, egrets, spoonbills, ducks and geese.
		You will find the refuge to be an excellent place for looking at wildlife and plants.
		By feeding the wildlife you are creating unhealthy and unsafe conditions for both you and the animals.
	www.rockport-fulton.org /frames/anwr.htm (581 words)

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		Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) was established in 1936 to preserve the 438,000 acre Okefenokee Swamp.
		In 1974, to further ensure the protection of this unique ecosystem, the interior 353,981 acres of the refuge were designa ted a National Wilderness Area.
		The swamp remains one of the oldest and most well preserved freshwater areas in America and extends 38 miles north to south and 25 miles east to west (map).
	okefenokee.fws.gov (79 words)

	Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge Sequim
		At Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge, the world's longest natural sand spit softens the rough sea waves to form a quiet bay and harbor, sand and gravel beaches, and tideflats.
		To insure that wildlife continue to have a place to rest and feed, some recreational activities are allowed only in selected areas during certain times of the year.
		Refuge waters are closed to boating from October 1 to May 14.
	www.visitsun.com /dungeness.html (608 words)

	Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge
		The refuge bird list suggests at least 200 species of birds spend at least a portion of their year here.
		the refuge is also home to one of the largest remaining concentrations of fl bear along the mid-atlantic coast.
		By the early 1970's, the US Fish and Wildlife Service had captured the few remaining red wolves and declared the species extinct in the wild.
	www.outer-banks.com /alligator-river (434 words)

	NRDC: Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: A Wilderness Worth Far More Than Oil
		The refuge is among the world's last true wildernesses, and it is one of the largest sanctuaries for Arctic animals.
		Traversed by a dozen rivers and framed by jagged peaks, this spectacular wilderness is a vital birthing ground for polar bears, grizzlies, Arctic wolves, caribou and the endangered shaggy musk ox, a mammoth-like survivor of the last Ice Age.
		While proponents of drilling insist the Arctic Refuge could be developed by disturbing as little as 2,000 acres within the 1.5-million-acre coastal plain, a recent analysis by NRDC reveals this to be pure myth.
	www.nrdc.org /land/wilderness/arctic.asp (1147 words)

	Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
		Prior to establishment of the refuge in 1936, there were no dikes to hold back the spring runoff and the water levels of Bowdoin plummeted each summer.
		Muskrats are abundant on the refuge during adequate water years, as can be seen by the many houses of mud and vegetation that dot the marshes.
		Boating is prohibited on the Refuge, except during the waterfowl hunting season, to protect the birds that nest over the water.
	bowdoin.fws.gov (1646 words)

	Wolf Run Wildlife Refuge
		Wolf Run Wildlife Refuge, Sanctuary and Educational Facility, is a non-profit 501 (c) 3, organization; dedicated, to promoting positive attitudes and behaviors towards wildlife and also to fostering awareness, appreciation and interest in Kentucky wildlife through rehabilitation, education and stewardship.
		Our Sanctuary is a "safe haven" which takes in animals for various reasons that are in need of refuge, special care and a loving place to reside for the rest of their lives.
		Each year many wildlife "clients" are brought to Wolf Run where they are provided with last hope refuge, sanctuary and shelter within their new habitat with professional care and given a second chance at life in the natural world.
	www.wolfrun.org (415 words)

	Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge - Titusville Florida
		Is part of the National Wildlife Refuge System with nearly 95 million acres on over 530 refuges spanning every state and 5 U.S. territories.
		Approximately one-half of the refuge's 140,000 acres consists of brackish estuaries and marshes.
		Management of water levels within the refuge's 76 impoundments for migratory birds, wading birds, shorebirds, and other native species of plants and wildlife.
	merrittisland.fws.gov (353 words)

	America's National Wildlife Refuge System Centennial
		On August 15th, the United States Postal Service announced that they will produce a stamp honoring the 100th anniversary of the first National Wildlife Refuge, which is scheduled for release at Pelican Island on March 14, 2003, and nationwide on March 15, 2003.
		America's Wildlife Refuges: Lands of Promise, a commemorative book that describes and illustrates two dozen wildlife success stories over the Refuge System's 100-year history, is expected to be released around October 1, in time for National Wildlife Refuge Week, October 12-18.
		The Cusano Environmental Education Center at the John Heinz at Tinicum Refuge (PA) is among the Top Ten Green Projects cited by the American Institute of Architects and its Committee on the Environment for their architectural and "green" design.
	www.fws.gov /refuges/centennial (979 words)

	GORP - Red Rocks Lakes National Wildlife Refuge
		The refuge is also home to a variety of mammals native to the region.
		Wildlife observation, hiking, and photography are permitted, except in areas designated as closed for the protection of swans and other sensitive wildlife.
		Vehicles are restricted to maintained Refuge roads, parking areas, and"through" roads (roads that originate outside the boundaries and pass through the Refuge).
	gorp.away.com /gorp/resource/us_nwr/mt_redro.htm (793 words)

	America's National Wildlife Refuge System
		Secretary of the Interior Gale Norton on October 6 released a report that shows recreational use on national wildlife refuges generated almost $1.4 billion in total economic activity during the 2004 fiscal year.
		In observance of this year's National Wildlife Refuge Week, October 9-15, 2005, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service released a DVD featuring a video tour of six outstanding refuges located across the country.
		National wildlife refuges scored a solid "A" for visitor satisfaction, according to a recent FWS survey.
	refuges.fws.gov (759 words)

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