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Topic: Wilfred Bion

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	CONTROLLO MENTALE
		Wilfred Bion: dalla psicoanalisi kleiniana alla psicoanalisi di gruppo
		Wilfred Bion era uno psicoanalista della Società psicoanalitica britannica che faceva parte del gruppo kleiniano; con la Klein aveva inoltre svolto la sua analisi didattica.
		Prendendo le mosse dall'impostazione della maestra, che spingeva la teoria psicoanalitica da una psicoanalisi pulsionale di origine freudiana verso una più marcata psicoanalisi sempre più relazionale, Bion elaborò teorizzazioni di psicoanalisi di gruppo e costituì nuovi gruppi di psicoterapia di tipo psicoanalitico.
	www.psicoterapia-counseling-disturbo-apprendimento.org /manuale_psicologia/psicanalisi/sviluppi_della_psicanalisi.html (1058 words)

	Wilfred Bion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Wilfred Ruprecht Bion, 1897-1979, was a British psychoanalyst.
		From 1962 till 1965, Bion was president of the British Psychoanalytical Society.
		Bion, W.R. Bion in New York and Sào Paolo.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wilfred_Bion (798 words)

	Bion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In theoretical physics, a bion is the bound state of two solitons.
		Wilfred Bion was a group psychologist and author of the book "Experiences in Groups".
		Bion, Greek bucolic poet, was born at Phlossa near Smyrna, and flourished about 100 BC.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bion (388 words)

	ATTACKS ON LINKS IN THE WORK OF SAMUEL BECKETT AND WILFRED BION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Wilfred Bion, an anlysand of Melanie Klein's, developed Kleinian theories about the role of envy in the interpersonal relations to encompass the idea of the intolerable link and the hatred of learning from experience.
		Bion's reformulation of Kleinian envy in the late 1950s and early 1960s make it plain that mental activity depends on an individual being able to tolerate the idea of contact and communication: that is, he is interested in the role of envy insofar as it interferes with this.
		Wilfred Bion and Samuel Beckett were brought into the private, intimate, and non-intrusive contact that is psychodynamic psychotherapy early in their respective careers.
	www.psychematters.com /papers/souter.htm (2895 words)

	BPAS: Bion and Eliot: Anna Dartington (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Bion too took a particular interest in language which, according to Meltzer (1978) was in part attributable to his work with psychotic patients in the 1950's, involving as it did an increased concern with problems of observation, comprehension and semantic transformation.
		I think there is evidence to suggest that both Bion and Eliot shared a similar position in their respective fields of psychoanalysis and literature, and that their standing in relation to colleagues and students was comparable and characterised by the same mixed response of exasperation and profound respect.
		Bion's exhortation to the psychoanalytic world to put down their 'precocious comprehension' of the patient, to follow Keats and 'listen to the silence' is obviously serious and heartfelt.
	www.psychoanalysis.org.uk /paper1.htm (2934 words)

	Three Group Theorists
		Wilfred Bion, along with Michael Foulkes, focused the attention of the psychological community clearly on the operation of groups as entities that are, to a great extent, independent of the individuals that compose them.
		Bion himself apparently did not pursue the roots of the group phenomenon that he identified, but focused instead on description and upon clinical methods for exposing it.
		Essentially, Bion said that groups have a native tendency to act “as if” they had a collective strategy for reducing their collective anxiety, even when the actual result might be increased anxiety.
	www.fergi.com /Fielding/Gladfelter/Question4.htm (1042 words)

	French: "Negative Capability," "Dispersal" and the Containment of Emotion
		Bion’s typically uncompromising description of the analyst’s negative space – of the nothingness without which he or she would be nothing – is that ‘the analyst has to become infinite’ (Bion, 1984: 46; his italics).
		Bion appears to have been constantly aware of the dangers of ‘dispersal into explanations’ as a major hazard for psychoanalysts (as it may also be for any work based on talk and on relationship, including organizational consultancy and research).
		Bion’s use of Keats’ notion of Negative Capability is one among a large number of terms in psychoanalysis that attempt to describe a peculiarly human disposition for containment and its therapeutic or developmental importance.
	www.ispso.org /Symposia/London/2000French.htm (6596 words)

	Bion & Folks at Northfield: The Early Development of Group Psychology in Britian
		Bion was guided in his work on the training wing by the idea of group therapy as a "planned endeavor to develop in a group the forces that lead to smoothly running cooperative activity" (opacity.
		Bion reasoned, therefore, in the treatment of a group the neurotic basis of the group's difficulties needed to be displayed before it could be accepted as a collective problem.
		Bion kept to himself that this meeting was to be the time when they were to step outside the framework to study the behavior of the community.
	www.businesscoachinstitute.com /library/bion_and_foulkes_at_northfield.shtml (6791 words)

	Division of Psychoanalysis - APA
		Bion believed a group required a task and he made the study of the "patient’s tensions" as the task of the group.
		Bion believed, in contradiction to Freud, that groups are powerfully pulled toward the paranoid schizoid position and anxieties and the earliest defenses against them: projective identification and splitting.
		Bion's ideas are so dense and complex and to have them expanded on by other writers and thinkers was immensely helpful as well as enriching in terms of further understanding his writings and what his thinking has generated in others.
	www.division39.org /pub_reviews_detail.php?book_id=221 (2179 words)

	[No title]
		Bion postulated that people in a group are always torn between working on the overtly stated group task, and what the unconsciously assume is the real group task.
		Bion does not focus merely on group think, Bion also speaks of a concept known as valency which is the individual tendency of a person towards one kind of assumption.
		The synthesis made by Bion of some Locke’s, Hume’s and Kant’s contributions (on commonsense, constant conjunction and the noumenic realm, respectively) is adumbrated; also, Bion’s innovative integration of some of Freud’s and Klein’s observations of mental functioning (the theory of unconscious and the splitting processes, respectively).
	www.candleinthedark.com /bion.html (4390 words)

	Chapter 4: The Legacy of Wilfred Bion
		Bion's preoccupation with psychology flourished and was strengthened by his association with the John Rickman, a prominent member of the British Psychoanalytic Society, who was to introduce Bion to Melanie Klein and suggest that he be analysed by her.
		Bion stressed that it was the visual sense which lies at the core of unconscious phantasy and he describes more and more the phenomenology of the analytic encounter in terms of visual and aesthetic analogies.
		Bion distinguishes it from the kind of language which is a substitute for thought and action, a blocking of achievement which is lies in the realm of 'preconception' - mindlessness as opposed to mindfulness.
	human-nature.com /free-associations/glover/chap4.html (10277 words)

	Amazon.de: Experiences in Groups: And Other Papers: English Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Bion shows us that each group has a specific and directed goal to accomplish (i.e., a corporation seeks to make money and a family seeks to raise their children and provide support for the members within it).
		Bion focuses on the "basic assumptions" that lead people in groups to function in unusual ways that are frequently, if not always, outside of their awareness.
		Bion suggests that at times, a group will abandon their work in order to unite for either fighting or fleeing.
	www.amazon.de /exec/obidos/ASIN/0415040205 (954 words)

	AdamShand/2004-09-18 - spack.org/wiki
		Bion came to see these strategies of evasion and denial as constituting what he termed a "group mentality", opposed to the conscious aims, intentions and efforts of individuals.
		And, paradoxically, Bion believed, this is at least partly because the ability of the group to mobilise group mentality is a powerful unlearned source of co-operation, (Valency) Of course, co-operation has more benign roots than this as well.
		Bion called these "Basic Assumptions": baslc, because they seemed to be rudimentary, unlearned, instinctive; assumptions, because they operated like myths on the basis of an implicit "as if".
	www.spack.org /wiki/AdamShand/2004-09-18 (624 words)

	BION AND EXPERIENCES IN GROUPS
		Bion, by now in charge of a group of tanks, objected that it was a suicidal attack.
		In the1960s Bion became famous and was head of the Clinic of the Institute of Psychoanalysis in London and then the President of the British Psycho-Analytic Society.
		Bion took no direct part in this political and doctrinal upheaval, but his presence in the area is likely to have had an indirect influence on the controversy, and the upheaval cannot have made for a serene environment.
	human-nature.com /rmyoung/papers/pap148h.html (5542 words)

	Group Psychotherapy: Basic Assumptions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		These chaotic, disintegrative forces can, observed Bion, be understood in a given case as springing from a single underlying unconscious assumption shared by the members of a group.
		Bion perceived three basic assumption groups: the dependency group, the fight-flight group, and the pairing group.
		"...Bion gives to therapists the sense of safety that comes from recognizing that group phenomena follow definite patterns; if the therapist can recognize these patterns, he or she will be able to release the group members from their anxieties and resistances and enable the work of the group to progress."
	www.selfhelpmagazine.com /ppc/group/grpbasic.html (806 words)

	The Paranoid-Schizoid and Depressive Positions in the Psychogenesis of the Self
		One of Bion's greatest contributions to Object Relations Theory is his extension of Klein's concept of projective identification, by which he describes the (m)other as a potential 'container' for the anxiety-aroused projections of the infant.
		Bion's (1952, 1962a, 1963) conception of projective identification and 'containment' have profoundly impacted the method of psychoanalytic practice, particularly since he implies that the therapist is in the role of the (m)other who must 'contain' the 'primitive' anxieties of the patient.
		Bion's conception of the mother's function as 'container' is a move toward breaking with the metaphysical assumption of a self-contained, 'encapsulated' individual, such as in Klein's theory.
	www.mythosandlogos.com /objectrelations.html (11665 words)

	Mental Pain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Key to the understanding of mental pain in psychoanalysis is Bion’s model of the container-contained, and his theoretical proposal on the use by the mind of alpha function to digest beta elements.
		Bion considered that mental pain would depend on innate dispositions, on the quality of links relating self and object, and, most importantly, on what he considered to be a main function of personality: the function of container that assured the capacity to take in painful emotions and to digest them in the mental space.
		Bion’s container-contained model was inspired in by the concept of projective identification introduced by Melanie Klein.
	www.ejcpsa.com /articles_and_essays/FlemingMentalPain05.htm (3094 words)

	Wilfred Bion: His Life and Works (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Readers who have some familiarity with Bion's ideas and theories may find that this biography provides a basis for a return to, and re-evaluation of, an old friend with whom it is necessary to struggle but who provides many rewards.
		Readers who are less familiar with Bion will find this book an excellent orientation to his work...rich, multi-layered and most interesting.
		Bion's prominance as a transforming figure in the evolving mythology of psychoanalytic culture demands our attention.
	www.fa-b.com /wilfredbion.htm (197 words)

	Mental Help Net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Wilfred Bion could be seen as the perfect, if reluctant, symbol for the best in contemporary psychoanalytic thought.
		Finally, Victor L. Achermer dives into Bion's notion of "O" (roughly the true essence of a thing that is being experienced, unfiltered and as it is in its awesome complexity) and the very nature of how we come to know a thing.
		Bion's ideas are so rich, his thoughts so startling, that to a greater or lesser degree, everyone in this collection is awakened and has insights to share.
	mentalhelp.net /poc/view_doc.php?id=1958&type=book&cn=89 (795 words)

	Wilfred Bion: bio and encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Bion was born in India, EHandler: no quick summary.
		(Bion was president of the British Psycho-Analytical Society.
		He spent his later years in Los Angeles[Click link for more facts about this topic], EHandler: no quick summary.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/w/wi/wilfred_bion.htm (1338 words)

	The Washington-Baltimore Center for the Study of Group Relations
		Wilfred Bion, of course, was such a thinker, a creator of new realms and constructs.
		Bion was very interested in ideas, and in fact, developed a theory of thinking that gave ideas an almost iconic stature.
		Bion regarded the effort of dissolution as having the quality of a small psychic catastrophe, a "going-to-pieces" The ability to tolerate this upheaval will result in growth, but it is a painful process that is dependent on the individual's capacity to withstand fragmentation, anxiety, and doubt.
	www.wbcgrouprelations.org /rioch04/lecture.htm (8857 words)

	Freud Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Wilfred Bion is one of the truly great thinkers in the history of psychoanalysis.
		Bion's was a dynamic theory and he regarded concepts as tools and not dogmas.
		The result is what Bion described as -K; a world of negativism and desolation, without belief, in which all links between objects are destroyed.
	www.freud.org.uk /Bion.htm (511 words)

	ISPSO 1999 SYMPOSIUM, June 25 - 27 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Bion’s genius was rooted in just such a disposition and tension: on the one hand, his uncompromising disposition to seek truth with passion and rigour; on the other, the tension between this disposition and his conviction that the truth always remains out of reach: ‘the unknown, unknowable, "formless infinite"’ (1984b: 31).
		Bion’s thinking, as well as our own, is influenced by esoteric traditions which share a focus on truth-in-the-moment: the ‘nothing’ of Meister Eckhart (Smith, 1987: 68-9) and the nada (nothing) of St. John of the Cross which is the beginning and end of knowledge.
		Bion and Winnicott wrote of ‘waiting’ in the method of psychoanalysis (Symington and Symington, 1996: 178; Winnicott, 1980: 101-2).
	www.sba.oakland.edu /ispso/html/1999Symposium/FrenchandSimpson1999.htm (4522 words)

	APsaA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Bion’s is an extraordinary life, unique for a psychoanalyst.
		Bion was analyzed by Melanie Klein who greatly influenced him and with whom he is linked.
		Bion’s posthumously published War Memoirs: 1917-1919 (1997) tells of the horrors of World War I. Other autobiographical works are The Long Weekend: 1897-1919 (1982), All My Sins Remembered (1985), and A Memoir of the Future (1991).
	www.apsa.org /ctf/pubinfo/about/bios/bion.html (281 words)

	Welcome IPA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The goal of the workshop is to address the idea of new frontiers in psychoanalysis that is implicit in the work of Wilfred Bion.
		Bion’s ideas bring new understandings to the clinical material.
		We will primarily address the observation of the emotional interplay in the session, using Bion’s ideas on mental development and its relationship with the psychoanalytic process.
	www.ipa.org.uk /site/cms/contentviewarticle.asp?article=1187 (167 words)

	Wilfred Bion
		WILFRED R. "Psycho-analysts must be able to tolerate the differences or the difficulties of the analysand long enough to recognize what they are.
		If psycho-analysts are able to interpret what the analysand says, they must have a great capacity for tolerating their analysands' statements without rushing to the conclusion that they know the interpretations.
		"Bion's Psychoanalysis and Edelman's Neuroscience" by Rosemarie Kennel
	mythosandlogos.com /Bion.html (610 words)

	FABOOKS.COM - Wilfred Bion, His Life and Works 1897-1979 (paperback)
		It is particularly welcome, since Bion's ideas are often found to be difficult of access.
		Bion made pioneering discoveries in officer selection, in psychiatric rehabilitation, and in founding the group relations movement.
		Bleandonu takes us throught Bion's personal and intellectual explorations and gives clear accounts of his key concepts, including work groups and basic assumption groups; psychotic processes; the grid; epistemology, catastrophic change; abandonment of memory and desire; the mystic; ultimate truth.
	www.fabooks.com /book.php?id=259 (230 words)

	Wilfred Bion Bibliography and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Group mentality and 'having a mind':Reflections on Bion's work on groups and on psychosis
		Located at the British Psychoanalytic Society and Institute of Psychoanalysis, "from an address Mrs Bion gave in April 1994 in Toronto and Montreal, Canada.
		Bion's (1897-1979) unorthodox attempt to cast psychoanalytic speculation in fictional form is composed of three novels--The Dream (1975), The Past presented (1977), and The Dawn of oblivion (1979).
	psychematters.com /bibliographies/bion.htm (751 words)

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