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| | Bildungsroman |
 | | Wolfgang von Goethe, Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre (1795), trans., by Thomas Carlyle, Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship (1824) |
 | | Susanne Howe, Wilhelm Meister and his English Kinsmen: Apprentices to Life (1930): nominates an English tradition of works by Victorian writers: Thomas Carlyle, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, Benjamin Disraeli, John Sterling, G.H. Lewes, J.A. Froude, Geraldine Jewsbury, Charles Kingsley |
 | | A regulated development within the life of the individual is observed, each of its stages has its own intrinsic value and is at the same time the basis for a higher stage. |
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