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Topic: Willard Gibbs

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Josiah Gibbs

Gibbs function

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Gibbs phenomenon

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Quaternion

Statistical mechanics

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	Willard Gibbs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 – April 28, 1903) was an American mathematical physicist who contributed much of the theoretical foundation that led to the development of chemical thermodynamics and was one of the founders of vector analysis.
		Between 1876 and 1878 Gibbs wrote a series of papers collectively entitled "On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances", considered one of the greatest achievements in physical science in the 19th century and the foundation of the science of physical chemistry.
		Gibbs was born in New Haven, Connecticut, where his father was a professor of sacred literature at Yale University's Divinity School, best known today for his involvement in the Amistad trial.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Willard_Gibbs (1125 words)

	AllRefer.com - Josiah Willard Gibbs (Physics, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Gibbs also contributed to crystallography, the determination of planetary and comet orbits, and electromagnetic theory.
		James Clerk Maxwell was one of the first European scientists to recognize Gibbs as a theoretical physicist of international stature.
		Gibbs was also interested in the practical side of science; his doctorate was the first granted by Yale for an engineering thesis, and he received a patent (1866) for an improved type of railroad brake.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/Gibbs-Jo.html (238 words)

	Willard Gibbs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839-April 28, 1903) was an American physical chemist, sometimes classed as a physicist and sometimes as a chemist, but better thought of as the founder of the science of physical chemistry.
		Gibbs was born in New Haven, Connecticut, where his father was a professor of sacred literature at Yale University's Divinity School.
		Gibbs deliberately avoided theorizing on the structure of matter, developing a theory of more generality than any type of matter composition would imply.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/w/wi/willard_gibbs.html (874 words)

	Gibbs, Josiah Willard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gibbs showed how many thermodynamic laws could be interpreted in terms of the results of the movements of enormous numbers of bodies such as molecules.
		Gibbs was born in New Haven, Connecticut, and studied at Yale and 1866-69 in Europe.
		The Gibbs adsorption isotherm showed that changes in the concentration of a component of a solution in contact with a surface occur if there is an alteration in the surface tension.
	cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/G/Gibbs/1.html (207 words)

	Josiah Willard Gibbs 1839-1903 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The case of Willard Gibbs shows that this weakness was due to tradition and training, not to any lack of native talent.
		Gibbs, son of a Yale professor of sacred literature, descended from a long line of New England college graduates.
		By the turn of the century Gibbs was becoming fairly well known, as much for his vigorous and partisan defense of the form of vector notation which is now standard as for his more basic work.
	www.aip.org /history/gap/Gibbs/Gibbs.html (702 words)

	Gibbs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gibbs returned to Yale in June 1869 and, two years later in 1871, he was appointed professor of mathematical physics at Yale.
		Gibbs' important 1873 papers were Graphical Methods in the Thermodynamics of Fluids and A Method of Geometrical Representation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Substances by Means of Surfaces.
		Gibbs was highly esteemed by his friends, but U.S. science was too preoccupied with practical questions to make much use of his profound theoretical work during his lifetime.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Mathematicians/Gibbs.html (1074 words)

	Willard Gibbs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 - April 28, 1903) was an American physical chemist, sometimes classed as a physicist andsometimes as a chemist, but better thought of as the founder of the science of physical chemistry.
		Gibbs was born in New Haven, Connecticut, wherehis father was a professor of sacred literature at Yale University 'sDivinity School.
		In 1880, Gibbs was offered a $3000 salary by the new Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland and Yale responded by offering him $2000, whichseemingly was enough to keep him in New Haven.
	www.therfcc.org /willard-gibbs-34353.html (908 words)

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		Gibbs is considered by many historians of science to be the most original and gifted scientist that the new world has produced to date.
		The Early Work of Willard Gibbs in Applied Mechanics was published in 1947, and went virtually uncirculated in spite of its obvious interest to a wide variety of scholars and historians.
		This biography places Gibbs in the context of the remarkable flowering of science and literature in the United States in the second half of the 19th century.
	oxbowpress.tripod.com /JosiahWillardGibbs.htm (384 words)

	30 Decades of Distinguished Graduates
		"Gibbs unquestionably deserved to be awarded the Nobel Prize for his work on thermodynamics," wrote Arne Westgren, chair of the Swedish Royal Academy's Nobel committee on chemistry, in 1950.
		Papers Gibbs published in 1873 attracted favorable notice from the leading physicist of the day, James Clerk Maxwell, who used Gibbs's figures to construct models of the structure of water.
		In opposing Sir William Thomson's then-current theory of light as a wave transmitted through an elastic ether, in 1888, Gibbs anticipated Einstein's dismissal of the ether in his special theory of relativity of 1904.
	www.yalealumnimagazine.com /issues/01_03/popup/profiles/1858Gibbs.html (230 words)

	The Willard Gibbs Award
		The medal was named for Professor Josiah Willard Gibbs [see here and here and here] (1839-1903) of Yale University.
		Gibbs, whose formulation of the Phase Rule founded a new science, is considered by many to be the only American born scientist whose discoveries are as fundamental in nature as those of Newton and Galileo.
		The award consists of an eighteen-carat gold medal having, on one side, the bust of J. Willard Gibbs, for whom the medal was named.
	membership.acs.org /c/chicago/Gibbs_history.html (388 words)

	No. 1483: Gibbs and Visualization
		Gibbs writes the math that generates the shape of gear teeth, but he leaves the result to the mind's eye, his and ours.
		Gibbs leaves us with a nagging question: Could he have been what he was if he'd been raised in our world, with machines doing so much of his mental work for him?
		Gibbs, J. The Early Work of Willard Gibbs in Applied Mechanics: Comprising the Text of his Hitherto Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis and Accounts of his Mechanical Inventions (with commentary by Lynde P. Wheeler, Everett O. Waters, Samuel W. Dudley, and John F. Fulton).
	www.uh.edu /engines/epi1483.htm (662 words)

	No. 119: J. Willard Gibbs
		Gibbs was born in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1839.
		Gibbs studied at Yale, where he took one of the first doctorates offered in the United States -- America's very first PhD in mechanical engineering.
		A remarkably rich account of Gibbs' seemingly gray life was written by a noted American poet: Rukeyser, M., Willard Gibbs.
	www.uh.edu /engines/epi119.htm (509 words)

	Josiah Willard Gibbs
		In 1876 Gibbs published the first part of the work for which he is most famous On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances, publishing the second part of this work in 1878.
		In his later years he was a tall, dignified gentleman, with a healthy stride and ruddy complexion, performing his share of household chores, approachable and kind (if unintelligible) to students.
		K R Jolls, Gibbs and the art of thermodynamics, Gibbs in economics, Proceedings of the Gibbs Symposium (Providence, R.I., 1990), 293-321.
	www.shsu.edu /~icc_cmf/bio/gibbs.html (1201 words)

	Josiah Willard Gibbs, Gibbs Models: computer-visualized thermodynamic surfaces
		Gibbs energy-composition-pressure surface for the fixed temperature at which the critical-point composition is equimolar.
		at T and P. The Gibbs energy is differenced and plotted positively downward.
		There is a clear change of curvature across the yellow-red boundary corresponding to the change from metastable to unstable conditions.
	www.public.iastate.edu /~jolls/descriptions/gdn1ptn.html (82 words)

	USN Ships--USNS Josiah Willard Gibbs (T-AGOR-1)
		USNS Josiah Willard Gibbs, a 2,800-ton oceanographic research ship, was originally commissioned in March 1944 as the small seaplane tender San Carlos (AVP-51).
		She was dedicated primarily to research in the physics of the ocean, particularly the propogation of sound, as part of ONR's efforts to improve the Navy's submarine and anti-submarine warfare capabilities.
		In December 1971 Josiah Willard Gibbs was deactivated and transferred to Greece as the torpedo boat tender Hifaistos.
	www.history.navy.mil /photos/sh-usn/usnsh-j/agor1.htm (623 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Willard Gibbs [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Template:Infobox Biography Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 – April 28, 1903) was an American physical chemist.
		The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, "Josiah Willard Gibbs (http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Gibbs.html)".
		Rukeyser, Muriel, "Willard Gibbs", Ox Bow Press, Woodbridge, CT, ISBN 0918024579 [Reprint of first edition published in 1942].
	encyclozine.com /Willard_Gibbs (888 words)

	Josiah Gibbs
		Josiah Willard Gibbs was born in New Haven, Connecticut on February 11, 1839 the only son of Josiah Willard Gibbs.
		His father was a Yale University professor best known for finding translators for the mutineers of the Amistad slave ship.
		This has led to much speculation about his motivations, none of which completely explain all of his works.
	www.corrosion-doctors.org /Biographies/GibbsBio.htm (426 words)

	Josiah Willard Gibbs
		GIBBS, Josiah Willard, philologist, born in Salem, Massachusetts, 30 April, 1790; died in New Haven, Connecticut, 25 March, 1861.
		He was graduated at Yale in 1809, and from 1811 till 1815 was connected with the College as tutor.
		Professor Gibbs was a constant contributor of articles on points of biblical criticism, archaeology and philological science to the "Christian Spectator," "Biblical Repository," "New Englander," and the "American Journal of Science." He was particularly fond of grammatical and philological studies, and attained a high reputation for thoroughness and accuracy in them.
	www.famousamericans.net /josiahwillardgibbs (563 words)

	Additional Reading (from Gibbs, J Willard) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		More results on "Additional Reading (from Gibbs, J Willard)" when you join.
		Born on Sept. 17, 1900, near Ogden, Utah, J. Willard Marriott went from operating a small root beer and barbeque stand in Washington, D.C., in 1927 to owning a chain of family restaurants in 1932.
		Gibbs was strongly influenced by the work of architect Christopher Wren.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-2693?tocId=2693 (885 words)

	Statistical Mechanics History: Biographies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Up to that time Gibbs had shown interest in both mathematics and engineering, which he combined in his dissertation "On the Form of the Teeth of Wheels in Spur Gearing." The lectures he attended in Paris, Berlin and Heidelberg, given by some of the greatest men of the day, changed him once and for all.
		Gibbs chose this subtitle because he knew his theory did not agree with experiments, as he emphasized in the preface to the book.
		He replied, "Lorentz", and added, "I never met Willard Gibbs; perhaps, had I done so, I might have placed him beside Lorentz".
	sm-scientists.net /gibbs.html (859 words)

	JOSIAH WILLARD GIBBS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Introduced Gibbs free energy, other thermodynamic potentials in analysis of equilibrium.
		Introduced Gibbs principle for statistical entropy, canonical, microcanonical statistical distributions, 1884.
		Analyzed Gibbs phenomenon in the convergence of Fourier series, 1898 (now seen in the lab in attempts to make waveforms with sharp steps).
	www.hep.wisc.edu /~ldurand/715html/courseinfo/biographies/gibbs.html (227 words)

	References for Gibbs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		M J Klein, Some historical remarks on the statistical mechanics of Josiah Willard Gibbs, From ancient omens to statistical mechanics, Acta Hist.
		M J Klein, The scientific style of Josiah Willard Gibbs, A century of mathematics in America II (Providence, R.I., 1989), 99-119.
		N V Vdovichenko, A few words in memory of J Willard Gibbs (on the 150th anniversary of his birth) (Russian), Studies in the history of physics and mechanics, "Nauka" (Moscow, 1990), 198-210.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/References/Gibbs.html (373 words)

	Gibbs, Josiah Willard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It was a very fortunate scientific period to be born into, for in the nineteenth century began the most scientifically revolutionary epoch the world has ever known, and that revolution is still going on in the twentieth century.
		Of Professor Gibbs I shall speak especially warmly since it is from achievements such as his that I was able to produce my own work.
		You will recall that Gibbs studied on the continent and he was influenced both by American and by continental mathematical and physical outlooks.
	www.geocities.com /paultabaka/gibbs/josiah/willard.html (1576 words)

	Statistical Mechanics History: Biographies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The foundation of statistical physics was laid towards the end of the nineteenth century by James Clerk Maxwell, Ludwig Boltzmann, Josiah Willard Gibbs and largely completed by Albert Einstein in 1905.
		Gibbs followed up by establishing the equivalence of statistical physics and thermodynamics.
		Anyone interested in the development of classical mechanics needs to know that it grew primarily out of the kinetic theory of gases and was developed into statistical mechanics first by Ludwig Boltzmann and then by J. Willard Gibbs.
	sm-scientists.net (568 words)

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