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	Mag Lab Education - Pioneers in Electricity and Magnetism: Willem Einthoven
		Willem Einthoven was born on May 21, 1860, on the island of Java, formerly part of the Dutch East Indies and now Indonesia.
		Einthoven undertook an analysis of the electrometer and the curves it produced, resulting in his formulation of a means of correcting the instrument’s results in order to obtain an accurate record of the cardiac cycle.
		Einthoven had also already found that electrocardiograms generally conform to a basic type, that individuals produce their own characteristic electrocardiograms typically conforming to this type, and that deviations are often associated with heart disease.
	www.magnet.fsu.edu /education/tutorials/pioneers/einthoven.html (755 words)

	Willem Einthoven - Biography
		Willem Einthoven was born on May 21, 1860, in Semarang on the island of Java, in the former Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia).
		Willem was the eldest son, and the third child in a family of three daughters and three sons.
		Einthoven married in 1886 Frédérique Jeanne Louise de Vogel, a cousin, and sister of Dr. W.Th.
	nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1924/einthoven-bio.html (0 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Willem Einthoven
		Willem Einthoven (May 21, 1860 – September 29, 1927) was a Dutch doctor and physiologist.
		Einthoven was born in Semarang on Java in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia).
		Einthoven married in 1886 Frédérique Jeanne Louise de Vogel, a cousin, and sister of Dr. W.Th.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Willem-Einthoven (1586 words)

	Willem Einthoven - MSN Encarta
		Willem Einthoven (1860-1927), Dutch physiologist and Nobel laureate who founded the modern field of electrocardiography.
		Einthoven's most important invention, the string galvanometer, made possible the precise measurements of the electrical activity produced by the beating human heart.
		As he improved the device and used it on greater numbers of patients, Einthoven came to recognize distinctive electrical activity that corresponded to damage or disturbances in specific areas of the heart.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761582705/Einthoven_Willem.html (458 words)

	Notable Figures : ep-history (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Einthoven’s approach to resolving the problems of the capillary electrometer is a revealing insight into his scientific and mathematical prowess.
		Einthoven’s first publication of the human ECG recorded by string galvanometer in 1902 was as much a scientific validation of his mathematical corrections of the capillary electrometer as it was an introduction of new diagnostic instrumentation.
		Einthoven was notified of the Nobel Prize award during the course of a 1924 trip to the United States.
	www.hrsonline.org /ep-history/notable_figures/bios/william_einthoven (821 words)

	Willem Einthoven Summary
		Although trained in medicine, Willem Einthoven was always very much interested in physics, and his greatest contributions to science involve the application of physical principles to the development of new instruments and techniques in physiological studies.
		Willem Einthoven was a Dutch physiologist who, in 1924, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his invention of a string galvanometer that he used to produce the electrocardiogram (EKG), a physical recording of the electrical activity of the heart.
		Einthoven graduated with a degree in medicine and was appointed professor of physiology at the University of Leiden.
	www.bookrags.com /Willem_Einthoven (3128 words)

	Willem Einthoven - Biography
		His father was Jacob Einthoven, born and educated in Groningen, The Netherlands, an army medical officer in the Indies, who later became parish doctor in Semarang.
		Willem was the eldest son, and the third child in a family of three daughters and three sons.At the age of six, Einthoven lost his father.
		Einthoven was a member of the Dutch Royal Academy of Sciences, the meetings of which he hardly ever missed.
	www.geocities.com /med_for222nat/einthoven-bio.html (937 words)

	Einthoven, Willem
		His father was Jacob Einthoven, born and educated in Groningen, The Netherlands, an army medical offcer in the Indies, who later became parish doctor in Semarang.
		Willem was the eldest son, and the third child in a family of three daughters and three sons.
		At the age of ten, Einthoven lost his father, and his mother decided to return with her six children to Holland, where the family settled in Utrecht.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/biographies/MainBiographies/E/Einthoven/1.html (979 words)

	Willem Einthoven Biography \| World of Anatomy and Physiology
		Although trained in medicine, Willem Einthoven was always interested in physics, and his greatest contributions to science involve the application of physical principles to the development of new instruments and techniques in physiological studies.
		By focusing a moving picture camera on the wire, Einthoven could obtain a visual record of the movement of the wire as it was displaced by electrical currents from the heart.
		As a result of his research, Einthoven was able to detect and identify a number of different kinds of electrical waves associated with a beating heart, waves that he originally labeled as P, Q, R, S, and T waves.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/willem-einthoven-wap (894 words)

	Willem Einthoven (www.whonamedit.com)
		Willem Einthoven was the eldest son, and the third child oft six born to Jacob Einthoven, an army medical officer in the Indies who was born and educated in Groningen, The Netherlands, and later became parish doctor in Semarang.
		Einthoven repeated this experiment and, in 1895, while working on the construction of this instrument and developing the necessary photographic equipment, with the capillary electrometer he registered graphic reproductions of the variations of the electric charges induced by the contractions of the heart’s musculature, as well as heart sounds of humans and animals.
		Einthoven and his son found the resonance point after they achieved a variation in tension of one micromicron, after which telegrams from the machine transmitter, working at top speed, were perfectly photographed on paper one centimetre wide.
	www.whonamedit.com /doctor.cfm/2245.html (0 words)

	Inventor of the Week: Archive
		Dutch physiologist, professor and inventor Willem Einthoven performed research and invented concepts for recording electrical heart impulses that greatly evolved the field of cardiology and lead to the development of one of the most important diagnostic tools in all of medicine: the electrocardiogram, or EKG.
		Einthoven lived there until he was ten years old, when his mother, widowed four years before, decided to return to the Netherlands with her six children.
		Einthoven, married and a father to four children, was recognized with a number of honors for his achievements during the course of his career, including membership in the Dutch Royal Academy of Sciences.
	web.mit.edu /invent/iow/einthoven.html (776 words)

	Einthoven
		In Einthoven's electrocardiographic model the cardiac source is a two-dimensional dipole in a fixed location within a volume conductor that is either infinite and homogeneous or a homogeneous sphere with the dipole source at its center.
		Accordingly, Einthoven realized that the potential at the wrist was the same as at the upper arm, while that at the ankle was the same as at the upper thigh.
		Einthoven consequently assumed that the functional position of the measurement sites of the right and left arm and the left leg corresponded to points on the torso which, in turn, bore a geometric relationship approximating the apices of an equilateral triangle.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /~eugeniik/history/einthoven.html (0 words)

	Willem Einthoven Winner of the 1924 Nobel Prize in Medicine
		Willem Einthoven Winner of the 1924 Nobel Prize in Medicine
		Willem Einthoven - Biography (submitted by Davis Brown)
		Willem Einthoven - spanish doc (submitted by mr.York)
	almaz.com /nobel/medicine/1924a.html (0 words)

	15. 12-Lead ECG System
		The Einthoven triangle is an approximate description of the lead vectors associated with the limb leads.
		The lead vectors associated with Einthoven's lead system are conventionally found based on the assumption that the heart is located in an infinite, homogeneous volume conductor (or at the center of a homogeneous sphere representing the torso).
		Einthoven W, Fahr G, de Waart A (1950): On the direction and manifest size of the variations of potential in the human heart and on the influence of the position of the heart on the form of the electrocardiogram.
	butler.cc.tut.fi /~malmivuo/bem/bembook/15/15.htm (3806 words)

	Willem Einthoven Biography - The Free Information Society
		Willem Einthoven was born on May 21, 1860 in the city of Semarang on the island of Java in Indonesia.
		Einthoven's method for measuring the waveform of the heart used a "string galvanometer".
		Einthoven died on September 29, 1927 in the city of Leiden.
	www.freeinfosociety.com /site.php?postnum=2245 (394 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Willem Einthoven
		Willem Einthoven (Semarang, May 21, 1860 – Leiden, September 29, 1927) was a Dutch doctor and physiologist.
		He died in Leiden in the Netherlands and is buried in the graveyard of the Reformed Church at 6 Haarlemmerstraatweg in Oegstgeest.
		A.M. Luyendijk-Elshout, Einthoven, Willem (1860-1927), in Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Willem_Einthoven (526 words)

	Willem Einthoven (1860-1927) -- HAAS 71 (3): 407 -- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
		Willem Einthoven (1860-1927) -- HAAS 71 (3): 407 -- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
		Einthoven's lifetime work was dedicated to electrocardiography and its extended applications.
		Einthoven was honoured philatelically by Mexico in 1972 alongside an American cardiologist Dr Frank Wilson.
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/71/3/407 (287 words)

	Willem Jansz - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Willem Jansz - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Jansz, Willem (lived late 1500s and early 1600s), Dutch seafarer whose discovery of a land he called New Holland in 1606 was the first reported...
		Bilderdijk, Willem (1756-1831), Dutch poet and dramatist, born in Amsterdam.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Willem_Jansz.html (87 words)

	Amazon.fr : Willem Einthoven: Livres en anglais: H. A. Snellen (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Willem Einthoven, `The father of electrocardiography', introduced a new era in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the heart.
		In addition, extensive use could be made for the first time of the Einthoven archive which contains a large correspondence with Dutch and foreign colleagues and friends, along with their evaluations of Einthoven's work and personality.
		First English language biography of Willem Einthoven, 1924 recipient of the Nobel Prize for his work in heart disease.
	www.amazon.fr /Willem-Einthoven-H-Snellen/dp/0792332741 (343 words)

	Mag Lab Education - Pioneers in Electricity and Magnetism: Alphabetical Index
		He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics jointly with Erwin Schrödinger in 1933 for his contributions to atomic theory, Dirac’s prediction of the existence of antimatter having been experimentally proven by that time.
		Willem Einthoven (1860-1927) - Willem Einthoven invented a string galvanometer that could be used to directly record the electrical activity of the heart.
		The investigations he carried out with the device enabled him to determine that graphical recordings of heart activity, or electrocardiograms as they came to be known, generally conform to a basic type, that individuals produce their own characteristic electrocardiograms typically conforming to this type, and that deviations are often associated with heart disease.
	www.magnet.fsu.edu /education/tutorials/pioneers (0 words)

	Willem Einthoven Winner of the 1924 Nobel Prize in Medicine
		Willem Einthoven Winner of the 1924 Nobel Prize in Medicine
		Willem Einthoven - Biography (submitted by Davis Brown)
		Willem Einthoven Biography from Encyclopedia Britanncia (submitted by www.britannica.com)
	www.almaz.com /nobel/medicine/1924a.html (105 words)

	InteliHealth:
		The physiology professor combined his medical training with an interest in physics to invent a machine he called the “string galvanometer.” The string, actually a thin wire of platinum or silvered quartz suspended in a magnetic field, moved in response to an electric current.
		Einthoven continued to perfect his invention over the next 18 years so that the movements of the string could be magnified and recorded on paper as an electrocardiogram (EKG).
		The invention of the EKG machine has led to the significant reduction in deaths caused by heart disease, and Einthoven received the greatest award in medicine: the Nobel Prize (in 1924).
	www.intelihealth.com /IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/23722/21250/245361.html?d=dmtContent (460 words)

	TU/e BMT: Alumnivereniging Willem Einthoven (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Alumnivereniging Willem Einthoven streeft ernaar een netwerk van alumni in allerlei bedrijven op te bouwen, waarvan haar leden kunnen profiteren op zowel professioneel als sociaal vlak.
		Het is namelijk leuk en nuttig om contact te houden met andere ingenieurs die dezelfde opleiding hebben gevolgd, voor contacten en informatie bij sollicitaties, maar ook voor de gezelligheid.
		Willem Einthoven ontving in 1924 als eerste Nederlander de Nobelprijs voor de geneeskunde voor zijn uitvinding van het Elektrocardiogram, of kortweg ECG.
	w3.bmt.tue.nl /nl/doelgroepen/alumnus/alumnivereniging_willem_einthoven (224 words)

	Willem Einthoven
		In 1903, Dutch physiologist Willem Einthoven devised the electrocardiograph (ECG or EKG, from the German elektrokardiograph).
		His machine, first called an Einthoven galvanometer, had a thin metallic wire held between two electromagnets, with the wire connected to electrodes on the patient's chest, and the patient's hands and one foot bathed in salt-water tubs.
		An electromagnetic field made the wire quiver ever-so-slightly as the heart contracted and relaxed, and using photographic film and shining light on the wire, Einthoven's machine could accurately measure and record the strength and rate of a patient's heartbeat.
	www.nndb.com /people/927/000126549 (162 words)

	Biographies Info Science : Einthoven Willem
		Willem Einthoven naît en 1860 à Samarang, sur l'île de Java, alors colonie hollandaise.
		En 1885, Einthoven devient professeur de physiologie de l'université de Leyde ; il le restera jusqu'à sa mort en 1927.
		Par la suite, Einthoven multipliera les enregistrements de curs sains et malades afin d'affiner la précision de son invention et de faire progresser la connaissance de cet organe vital.
	www.infoscience.fr /histoire/biograph/biograph.php3?Ref=128 (283 words)

	Limb leads
		These three bipolar limb leads roughly form an equilateral triangle (with the heart at the center) that is called Einthoven's triangle in honor of Willem Einthoven who developed the electrocardiogram in 1901.
		Whether the limb leads are attached to the end of the limb (wrists and ankles) or at the origin of the limb (shoulder or upper thigh) makes no difference in the recording because the limb can simply be viewed as a long wire conductor originating from a point on the trunk of the body.
		If the three limbs of Einthoven's triangle (assumed to be equilateral) are broken apart, collapsed, and superimposed over the heart, then the positive electrode for lead I is said to be at zero degrees relative to the heart (along the horizontal axis) (see figure at right).
	www.cvphysiology.com /Arrhythmias/A013a.htm (608 words)

	Willem Einthoven (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Williem Einthoven (May 21, 1860 - September 28, 1927) invented the electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) in 1903 and received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1924 for it.
		He was born in Semarang on Java in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) and died in Leiden in the Netherlands.
		Willem Dafoe & Jeff Goldblum Team Up For Holocaust Film
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Willem_Einthoven.html (180 words)

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