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	William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle (1592 – December 25, 1676) was an English soldier, politician and writer.
		He was the eldest surviving son of Sir Charles Cavendish and his wife Catherine (daughter of Cuthbert, Lord Ogle), and the grandson of Sir William Cavendish and "Bess of Hardwick".
		Newcastle left in 1648 for Rotterdam with the intention of joining the Prince of Wales in command of the rebellious navy, and finally took up his abode at Antwerp, where he remained till the Restoration.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/William_Cavendish,_1st_Duke_of_Newcastle (1089 words)

	DUKES OF NEWCASTLE - LoveToKnow Article on DUKES OF NEWCASTLE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		WILLIAM CAVENDISH, duke of Newcastle (1592-1676), eldest surviving son of Sir Charles Cavendish and of Catherine, daughter of Cuthbert, Lord Ogle, and grandson of Sir William Cavendish and Bess of Hardwick, was born in 1592 and educated at St Johns College, Cambridge.
		The duke was certainly not a great man, but e was industrious and energetic, and to his credit be it said hat the statesman who almost monopolized the patronage of ffice for half a century twice refused a pension, and finally left ffice 300,000 poorer than he.entered it.
		Newcastle has a fine harbour, with an area of 540 acres, protected by two breakwaters; the breadth of the channel at its entrance is 1200 f t., and the depth at the bar is 2 5^ ft. Vessels of the largest tonnage can enter and lie alongside of the wharves, which are 5 m.
	2.1911encyclopedia.org /N/NE/NEWCASTLE_DUKES_OF.htm (2316 words)

	William Cavendish, Marquis of Newcastle, 1593-1676
		Newcastle clashed with Lord Ferdinando Fairfax and his son Sir Thomas in the north of England during 1642-3 and defeated them at the battle of Adwalton Moor in June 1643, securing all of Yorkshire except the vital port of Hull for the Royalists.
		Newcastle's manoeuvres delayed the Scottish advance for a time, but after Fairfax stormed and captured Selby in April 1644, Newcastle was obliged to fall back to defend York itself, where the combined armies of the Covenanters, Lord Fairfax and the Earl of Manchester surrounded and besieged him.
		Newcastle had taken offence at the brusque nature of Rupert's communications with him and was uncooperative in preparing for the decisive battle of Marston Moor (2 July 1644).
	www.british-civil-wars.co.uk /biog/newcastle.htm (1216 words)

	WILLIAM CAVENDISH, 1ST DUKE OF NEWCASTLE FACTS AND INFORMATION
		William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle (1592 – December_25, 1676) was an English soldier, politician and writer.
		On the occasion of the creation of Prince Henry as Prince_of_Wales in 1610 he was made a Knight_of_the_Bath, subsequently travelled with Sir Henry_Wotton, then ambassador to the Duke of Savoy, and on his return married his first wife, Elizabeth, daughter of William Basset of Blore, Staffordshire, and widow of Henry Howard, third son of Thomas_Howard,_1st_Earl_of_Suffolk.
		On November_3 1620 Cavendish became Viscount Mansfield and on March_7 1628 Earl of Newcastle.
	www.beatlesfacts.com /William_Cavendish,_1st_Duke_of_Newcastle (1090 words)

	§24. "The Life of William Cavendish, duke of Newcastle". IX. Historical and Political Writings. Vol. 7. Cavalier ...
		The Life of William Cavendish, duke of Newcastle, too, may be regarded as one of the lesser classics of English biographical literature, and contains, like its counterpart, a supplementary True Relation of the Birth, Breeding and Life of his faithful companion in adversity as well as in prosperity.
		It is true that many different estimates have been formed by different critics of the literary claims of Margaret, duchess of Newcastle, who, as became a loyal wife, has left behind her a biography of her husband which may be described as ample, but only a brief relation of what was personal to herself.
		Thus, while she illustrates the force of natural talent, however thinly beaten out, and the irresistible impulse of the pen, 37 she proves even more signally the value of that orderly training which she never underwent and openly contemned.
	www.bartleby.com /217/0924.html (465 words)

	William Cavendish, duke of Newcastle, 1592-1676
		In the aftermath of the battle, Newcastle's troops even captured Thomas Fairfax's wife, but in a gesture typical of his attitude to war, she was sent to join Fairfax at Hull.
		Newcastle's role in the build up to the Battle of Marston Moor (2 July 1644) was not creditable.
		During the battle Newcastle played an active part, even killing three of the enemy himself while supporting an attack, but once it was clear the battle was lost, he and Eythin made their way back to north.
	www.rickard.karoo.net /articles/people_newcastle.html (1155 words)

	Britannia Government: Prime Ministers - Thomas Pelham-Holles
		Newcastle served as secretary of state for 30 years (1724-54) in the governments of Walpole, Wilmington and Pelham, his brother, whom he succeeded as first lord of the treasury and prime minister following his death.
		Newcastle formed a government of ambitious men including Henry Fox as secretary of war, who succeeded in leading the country into war with France.
		Publically criticized by William Pitt, Newcastle attempted to rearrange his cabinet moving Fox to secretary of state where he could speak for him in the Commons.
	www.britannia.com /gov/primes/prime4.html (360 words)

	William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		William Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle (1592 - December 25, 1676) was an English soldier, politician and writer.
		When the Scottish war (1639 - 1640) broke out he assisted King Charles I with a loan of £10,000 and a troop of volunteer horse, consisting of 120 knights and gentlemen.
		He maintained troops at his own expense, and having occupied Newcastle kept open communications with Queen Henrietta Maria, and despatched to the king his foreign supplies.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/william_cavendish__1st_duke_of_newcastle (1115 words)

	MARGARET CAVENDISH FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle (1623-15_December 1673) was an English aristocrat and writer, best known for the biography of her husband, published in 1667.
		At the Restoration in 1660, he was made a duke, and his wife became a duchess.
		As a philosopher, Margaret Cavendish rejected the Aristotelianism of the 17th_century, with its picture of nature as a great machine, and the views of Thomas_Hobbes, Descartes, Boyle and members of the Royal_Society_of_London.
	www.witwib.com /Margaret_Cavendish (316 words)

	Newcastle, William Cavendish, duke of on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Of great wealth, Cavendish became (1638) governor of the prince of Wales and a privy councilor.
		His estates were restored, and he was created duke of Newcastle in 1665.
		Newcastle wrote several plays and books on horsemanship and was a lifelong patron of writers, among others Ben Jonson (who wrote two masques for the entertainment of Charles I at Newcastle's Welbeck estate in 1633 and 1634) and, later, John Dryden.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/N/NewcstlW1.asp (505 words)

	KIDS PHILOSOPHY SLAM - Philosopher of the Week
		Margaret (Lucas) Cavendish was born in 1623 in Colchester, Essex, England.
		William and his brother, Charles, gave Margaret informal lessons in science and philosophy to pass the time.
		She will be remembered as not necessarily for her contributions to science, but for her contributions to the cause of women, which set the stage for future women philosophers.
	www.philosophyslam.org /2_10.html (638 words)

	Hoof Prints Studio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Although widely read in all equestrian literature, Newcastle carefully formulated his own rules for training horses, which were based on the then unusual concept of endeavoring to understand the mind of the horse and to achieve the discipline required for show riding not by brute force but by "...mixing gentleness with help and corrections".
		It had been introduced into the country by Henry VIII and was favored by subsequent Tudor monarchs and Charles I. Charles II was not an enthusiast, preferring the more conventional equestrian pursuits of hunting and racing and, without the support of the monarch, haute ecole floundered.
		William Cavendish, who was probably Charles II's govenor as a boy, was a passionate advocate of the technique.
	www.hoofprintstudio.com /prints.htm (1155 words)

	William Cavendish, 1st duke of Newcastle -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		More results on "William Cavendish, 1st duke of Newcastle" when you join.
		Devonshire, William Cavendish, 1st Duke of, Marquess Of Hartington, Earl Of Devonshire, Baron Cavendish Of Hardwick
		The cultural and economic center of the coal-mining and shipbuilding Tyneside district of northeastern England is Newcastle.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9055576?tocId=9055576 (824 words)

	William Cavendish, 4th duke of Devonshire -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Eldest son of William Cavendish, the 3rd Duke (1698–1755), he was elected to the House of Commons in 1741 and 1747, and in 1751 he moved to the House of Lords, as Lord Cavendish of Hardwick, in his father's barony.
		Devonshire, William Cavendish, 4th Duke of, Marquess Of Hartington, Earl Of Devonshire, Baron Cavendish Of Hardwick...
		More results on "William Cavendish, 4th duke of Devonshire" when you join.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9030171 (893 words)

	V. The Restoration Drama: Bibliography. Vol. 8. The Age of Dryden. The Cambridge History of English and American ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As it was acted at the Duke of York’s Theatre.
		As it was acted at his Highness the Duke of York’s theatre.
		——The Life of William Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle, to which is added the Life of Margaret Duchess of Newcastle.
	www.bonus.com /contour/bartlettqu/http@@/www.bartleby.com/218/0500.html (2107 words)

	Westminster Abbey - The Library and Archives - French Links with Westminster Abbey and St Margaret's Church
		1324) was a son of William de Valence and cousin of Edward I of England.
		A very faint inscription in front of the large monument to William Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle, records their burials in the North Transept.
		William I (the Conqueror) was crowned King of England in the Abbey on Christmas Day 1066 and all subsequent coronations have taken place here.
	www.westminster-abbey.org /library/links/french.htm (795 words)

	Edward Lasker Exhibit, Huntington Library, history of the horse, history of thoroughbred, early printed books, Alan ...
		William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle, A General System of Horsemanship in all its Branches.
		Newcastle, an English Royalist general and accomplished horseman exiled in Antwerp, dedicated his book to Charles II.
		William Woodward, owner of Belair Stud in Maryland and Chairman of the Jockey Club in the United States, bred and raced one of the sensational Thoroughbreds of the 20th-century-Gallant Fox.
	www.huntington.org /LibraryDiv/LASKEREXHIBIT/LaskerExhibit.htm (1396 words)

	Tomfolio.com: Horses and Equestrian Sport, Horses: Old and Rare Books
		Cavendish, William, Duke Of Newcastle A General System Of Horsemanship Facsimile Reproduction of the Edition of 1743 Publisher: Trafalgar Square Publishing North Pomfret, VT 2000.
		Cavendish [1593-1676] was one the acknowledged European riding masters of the 17th century.
		Cavendish' emphasis on systematic and humane training was revolutionary for its era and his teaching still exerts a strong influence several centuries later.
	www.tomfolio.com /bookssub.asp?subid=3474 (2192 words)

	The Shakespeare Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Elaine's thesis is that, without an appreciation of the practicality of the manuals and the value of horsemanship to Newcastle on many levels, no real understanding of them can be reached, and that to view his life and work without considering them as important, is to effectively eliminate a defining feature of his character.
		This was followed by a demonstration of the Duke's methods using Spanish horses at Bolsover Castle.
		This deals with the meta-theatricality of the late plays to point out the unique festive space they create in the theatre, by focusing on the representation of the transcendental beings, the positions of the audience and the playwright, and the use of the actors' bodies.
	www.shakespeare.bham.ac.uk /research-topics.htm (1859 words)

	The ECW Pages - The Battle of Marston Moor
		Rupert had sent Lord George Goring into York, demanding that Lord William Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle, meet him at Marston Moor to engage the enemy.
		Newcastle was not happy with this order, but agreed to comply when he was told that Rupert had a letter from Charles I ordering the battle.
		After their disastrous defeat, Newcastle and Eythin fled to Scarborough and sailed to the continent, fearing that all was lost.
	easyweb.easynet.co.uk /~crossby/ECW/battles/marston.html (708 words)

	WILLIAM CAVENDISH BIBLIOGRAPHY
		The Phanseys of William Cavendish, Marquis of Newcastle, Addressed to Margaret Lucas [includes letters from Margaret to William] ed.
		"Fear of the Supernatural as a 'Pleasante and Merry Humour" in Two of Newcastle's Comedies," in Fear and Its Representations in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, eds., Anne Scott and Cynthia Kosso, Turnhout: Brepols [Arizona Studies in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, 6], 2002, pp.
		Raber, Karen L. "'Reasonable Creatures': William Cavendish and the Art of Dressage," in Renaissance Culture and the Everyday, eds.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~jbf/WCavBiblio.html (567 words)

	Davies. "The Construction of Female Relationships in the Works of Margaret Cavendish."
		The disparagement of the Duchess continues when she is presented as having manipulated the Duke into marrying her; he was 'loath' to marry her but was 'overcome by several ways of subtlety', thus she is seen as deceitful and untrustworthy and the blame for the Duke's misdemeanour is placed firmly on her shoulders.
		As Lisa Sarasohn points out, although Cavendish recognised that women were forced into a position of intellectual inferiority through the domination of men, she sometimes seemed to lose sight of this and often attacked other women in her literature(3).
		This exasperation Cavendish seems to have felt is perhaps why she tried to separate herself from other women by dressing and behaving unconventionally, and why her intellectual, rational heroines stand alone.
	www.luminarium.org /sevenlit/davies.htm (2108 words)

	George Glazer Gallery - Duke of Newcastle Horses, from A General System Of Horsemanship...
		William Cavendish, The Duke of Newcastle (the "Horseman"), who was loyal to Charles I, was exiled from England during the regime of Oliver Cromwell.
		Cavendish published his exposition on the theory and practice of equestrian dressage based on La Methode Et Invention Nouvelle De Dresser Les Chevaux, first published in Antwerp by Jacques Van Meurs in 1657.
		Many of the images show the Duke of Newcastle training horses and performing various feats of horsemanship, at his riding schools at Welbeck Abbey and Bolsover Castle -- two great British country houses that can still be visited today.
	www.georgeglazer.com /prints/sporting/horses/cavendish.html (279 words)

	DM: Brown bag luncheon highlights women Renaissance writers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Approximately 30 years later, Margaret Cavendish, the Lady Marchioness of Newcastle, wife of William Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle, began writing plays while in exile with her husband.
		It is noted as an unusual historical fact that William Cavendish was a great supporter of his wife's writing.
		Sydney and Cavendish were very powerful in their roles in society and used that power to influence social thought.
	www.olemiss.edu /news/dm/archives/96/9610/961029/961029N4luncheon.html (472 words)

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