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Topic: William Friedman

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	William F. Friedman - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Friedman was born Wolfe Frederick Friedman in Kishinev, Moldavia, the son of a postal worker who migrated to Pittsburgh in 1892.
		Friedman had become something of an expert photographer while working on his other projects, and was asked to travel to England on several occasions to help Gallup photograph historical manuscripts during her research.
		Friedman retired in 1956 and, with his wife, turned his attention, with his wife, to the problem that had originally brought them together: examining Bacon's codes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/William_F._Friedman (1566 words)

	William F. Friedman -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		William Frederick Friedman (September 24, 1891 – November 12, 1969) was a (Decoder skilled in the analysis of codes and cryptograms) cryptologist in the (The army of the United States of America; organizes and trains soldiers for land warfare) US Army.
		Many consider Friedman one of the greatest (Decoder skilled in the analysis of codes and cryptograms) cryptologists of all time, and his application of (Click link for more info and facts about statistical) statistical methods to (Click link for more info and facts about codebreaking) codebreaking one of the most significant advances in the field.
		Friedman had become something of an expert photographer while working on his other projects, and was asked to travel to (A division of the United Kingdom) England on several occasions to help Gallup photograph historical manuscripts during her research.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/w/wi/william_f._friedman.htm (1653 words)

	William F. Friedman
		Friedman was born in Russia, the son of a postal worker who migrated to Pittsburgh in 1892.
		Friedman retired in 1956 and turned his attention, with his wife, to the problem that had originally brought them together: examining Bacon's codes.
		Elizebeth Friedman was also heavily involved in cryptography throughout much of the inter-War period, although typically on the civilian side.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/w/wi/william_f__friedman.html (1786 words)

	UCLA Portal
		William F. Friedman, former executive chairman of the department of pediatrics and senior associate dean for academic affairs at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, died on Aug. 25 in his home.
		Prior to his tenure at UCLA, Friedman was the first pediatrician hired at the newly founded School of Medicine at the University of California, San Diego, where he was the chief of the Division of Pediatric Cardiology and professor of pediatrics.
		Friedman received his undergraduate degree in 1957 from Columbia College, where he played on the varsity basketball team, and his medical degree cum laude from the State University of New York in 1961.
	dgsom.healthsciences.ucla.edu /deans-site/friedman (744 words)

	January-February 00 template (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Friedman preferred to blame, as he told a later congressional investigation, a "series of accidents that contrived together to prevent due warning." Indeed, twenty years later Friedman wrote to an inquiring nephew, "there were no messages which can be said to have disclosed exactly where and when the attack would be made.
		Friedman served as the top cryptanalyst for the Department of Defense after the war, and when the country's many cryptological resources were consolidated with the establishment of the National Security Agency, Friedman was named special assistant to the director.
		William Friedman.) Her examination centered on the fact that Bacon was an amateur cryptographer who had created what's known as a bilateral cipher involving the use of two letters to represent any letter in the alphabet.
	cornell-magazine.cornell.edu /Archive/March2000/MarCode.html (4745 words)

	brightMystery: William Friedman, a great American (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		William Friedman is the father of modern cryptology and was the mastermind behind the breaking of PURPLE, the code system used by the Japanese diplomatic service prior to and during WWII.
		For example, he invented the concept of the index of coincidence, a probability calculation that can be used to determine whether a given coded message is "monoalphabetic" or "polyalphabetic", the former being much simpler to crack than the latter but each having their own set of analytic tools.
		Friedman's work on military ciphers, mainly textbooks for military codebreakers, are considered seminal works; some of them are available from Aegean Press here (scroll down a little).
	www.brightmystery.net /movabletype/MovableType_blog/archives/2005/06/william_friedma.html (529 words)

	William F. Friedman : William Friedman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		William Frederick Friedman (September 24, 1891-November 12, 1969) was a US Army cryptologist, running the research division of Army's Signals Intelligence Service through the 1930s and its followon services right into the 1950s.
		As head of the Department of Genetics one of the projects he ran was to the effects of moonlight on crop growth, and so he experimented with the planting of wheat during various phases of the moon.
		Friedman had become something of an expert photographer while working on his other projects, and was asked to travel to England on several occasions to help her photograph historical manuscripts during her research.
	www.termsdefined.net /wi/william-friedman.html (1809 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Obituaries -- Pediatric heart therapy pioneer William Friedman
		Friedman's finding changed that, leading to therapeutic advances in the care of thousands of premature babies born each year in the United States.
		At UCLA, Dr. Friedman rose to executive chairman of the department of pediatrics, senior adviser to the provost and dean of the School of Medicine.
		Friedman was appointed in 1994 by then-Gov. Pete Wilson to the California Medical Board and in 1997 to the California Air Quality Board.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/obituaries/20050901-9999-1m1friedman.html (603 words)

	William (Ned) Friedman - abstracts
		Friedman, W.E. The evolution of embryogeny in seed plants and the developmental origin and early history of endosperm.
		Friedman, W.E. Morphogenesis and experimental aspects of growth and development of the male gametophyte of Ginkgo biloba in vitro.
		Robichaux, R.H., P.W. Rundel, W.L. Stemmermann, J.E. Canfield, S.R. Morse, and W.E. Friedman.
	spot.colorado.edu /~friedmaw/abstracts.html (9589 words)

	William F. Friedman : William Friedman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In this case the output generated by the machines will have strings of 26 letters that are a simple substitution cipher, and by collecting enough cyphertext and applying a standard statistical method known as the kappa test[?], he showed that it was possible, although very difficult, to crack any such machine.
		Friedman then used his understanding of the rotor machines to develop several of his own that were immune to his own attacks.
		Friedman was convinced it was a mechanical system, and set about attacking it, spending several sleepless months studying the cyphertext trying to discover its patterns.
	www.eurofreehost.com /wi/William_Friedman_3.html (554 words)

	University of Florida Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Page
		Dr. Friedman was promoted to Associate Professor and received tenure in August, 1987.
		Friedman and Bova received the 1990 UF College of Medicine Clinical Research Prize in recognition of this accomplishment.
		Friedman is the leader of a multidisciplinary radiosurgery team which has treated over 2000 patients, published more than 100 papers and chapters, produced many international meetings, and educated hundreds of visiting physicians.
	www.neurosurgery.ufl.edu /FacultyPage/Friedman.html (461 words)

	Lavenz-Schwarz and Knecht-Eischeid Genealogy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Cecelia FRIEDMAN was born on 25 Oct 1890 in Roselle, Carroll Co., Iowa.
		Maurice FRIEDMAN was born in 1927 in Carroll Co., Iowa.
		William FRIEDMAN was born on 31 Mar 1853 in Clinton, Clinton Co., Iowa.
	hometown.aol.com /mtl1963/b65.htm (673 words)

	Friedman, William F; and Friedman, Elizebeth S -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		William Friedman was still an infant when his family immigrated to the United States; he studied genetics at Cornell University (B.S., 1914).
		As the son of a Jewish immigrant, Friedman was also part of the ethnic transformation of college football in the 1920s, a period of...
		Born on July 31, 1945, in New York City, William Floyd Weld was educated at Harvard College and Oxford University and received a law degree from Harvard Law School in 1970.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9035427 (789 words)

	William Friedman's Homepage
		William Friedman received his B.A. in psychology from Oberlin College in 1972 and his Ph.D. from the University of Rochester in developmental psychology in 1977.
		Friedman, W. Developmental and cognitive perspectives on humans' sense of the times of past and future events.
		Friedman, W. The development of children's understanding of the past and the future.
	www.oberlin.edu /psych/facstaff/WJF_home.html (492 words)

	Encyclopedia: William F. Friedman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In cryptography, coincidence counting is the technique (invented by William F. Friedman) of putting two texts side-by-side and counting the number of times that a letter appears next to itself in both copies.
		Elizebeth Friedman Elizebeth Smith Friedman (1892 - 31 October 1980) was cryptanalyst and author, and a pioneer in U.S. cryptography.
		Ronald William Clark (1916-1987) was a British author of biography and non-fiction.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/William-F.-Friedman (3477 words)

	Riverbank Labs
		One of the projects Friedman was requested to study was the effects of moonlight on crop growth, and so he experimented with the planting of wheat during the phases of the moon.
		Friedman was sent to France after he enlisted in 1918 where he worked on the solution of German code systems during the final months of the war.
		In 1956 Friedman was awarded $100,000 in compensation by the government for profits he had been unable to realize due to security measures for nine cipher machines he had invented for the government from 1933 to 1944.
	www.geneva.il.us /riverbnk/riverpag.htm (4804 words)

	William Frederick Friedman, Colonel, United States Army
		Friedman left Riverbank to become a cryptologic officer during World War I, the beginning of a distinguished career in government service.
		Friedman's contributions thereafter are well known-- prolific author, teacher, and practitioner of cryptology.
		Elizebeth Smith Friedman, who was a gifted codebreaker in her own right, is buried with him.
	www.arlingtoncemetery.net /wfried.htm (502 words)

	Boston.com / News / Boston Globe / Ideas / The wages of luck
		Milton Friedman, the most famous proponent of free-market economics in the 20th century, is himself a longtime student of luck.
		Friedman also told me that it inspired his call for the provision of a decent minimum to the disadvantaged, ideally via private charity, but if government was to be involved, via cash grants that in the 1950s he dubbed a "negative income tax."
		On this score, Friedman's acolytes on the Wall Street Journal editorial page, who have glibly dubbed low-income workers "lucky duckies" because they're too poor to owe income taxes, haven't imbibed the decency of their mentor.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/ideas/articles/2003/09/28/the_wages_of_luck?mode=PF (1648 words)

	Pattonvindication
		Friedman have enjoyed are, sadly, going to be irreparably tarnished — not for their very excellent work as professional cryptolgists, for which they shall always deserve the highest praise.
		William and Elizebeth Friedman are professional cryptologists, and they have made a lifelong hobby of studying the ciphers that allegedly disprove Shakespearean authorship.
		Friedman's method, attitude and dishonesty are the cracks and termites that have now totally destroyed their work and their reputation as Shakespeare cipher authorities.
	www.sirbacon.org /pattonstrs.htm (17557 words)

	The Eastern Point Team: William S. Friedman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Friedman has consulted to and coached executives, partners and managers and trained personnel at all levels.
		Bill Friedman holds degrees in Psychology from Harvard and in Organization/Human Resource Development from The American University and the National Training Labs.
		Friedman has developed and presented training programs in Communication Styles, Managing Amid Chaos, Performance Management, Values and the Workplace, Win-Win Negotiating, and Leadership.
	www.eastpt.com /about/friedmanbio.shtml (282 words)

	Cryptography - Friedman
		Friedman, William F. "A Brief History of the Signal Intelligence Service." Cryptologia 15 (Jul. 1991): 263-272.
		Friedman, William F. "Use of Codes and Ciphers in the World War and Lessons to be Learned Therefrom." Signal Corps Bulletin, Jul.-Sep. 1938, 35-48.
		According to Constantinides, Barbara Tuchman was unable to gain access to this study for the first edition of her book, and amended her account in a later edition after the 1965 declassification of Friedman and Mendelsohn's work.
	intellit.muskingum.edu /cryptography_folder/cryptogfriedman.html (400 words)

	William E. Friedman - research interests
		Recently, we discovered that most basal angiosperms appear to produce a diploid endosperm, thus reversing a century of thought on the presumed genetics and ploidy of endosperm in the earliest flowering plants (Friedman and Floyd 2001; Williams and Friedman 2002).
		Most recently, we have begun to examine the evolution of modularity in female gametophytes of flowering plants (Williams and Friedman ms in prep).
		An associated project (currently funded by the NASA Astrobiology Program) is underway to examine the evolution of multicellularity and symbiosis (mycorrhizal associations) during the early evolution of land plants.
	www.colorado.edu /eeb/MORPH/labs/interests/friedman_ri.html (332 words)

	Brad Herzog - Award-winning Writer and Author - Cornell Alumni Magazine
		He was born Wolfe Friedman in 1891 in Kishinev, Russia.
		For eighteen months, Friedman and a team of nineteen cryptanalysts, led by a former schoolteacher named Frank Rowlett, channeled their combined intellect at Purple.
		Increasingly, Friedman grew to question the profession to which he had devoted his life.
	www.bradherzog.com /cornell_codecracker.htm (4756 words)

	William F. Friedman's Transcription of the Voynich Manuscript (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		William F. Friedman's Transcription of the Voynich Manuscript
		One of them, William F. Friedman, prepared a machine readable transcription of this book half a century ago; this transcription has recently been unearthed from the archives and placed on line.
		1 William F. Friedman and the Voynich Manuscript (context) - Zimansky - 1970
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /258630.html (322 words)

	Alibris: William Friedman
		Bestselling novelist Michael Jan Friedman steps back 20 years before the start of "Star Trek: The Next Generation" to tell the riveting, action-packed story of the first command mission of Captain Picard--and the trial-by-fire adventure that made him a hero.
		This book is for clinicians who are new to the practice of group therapy as well as for experienced group therapists who would like to review critical aspects of their work.
		by Layon, A Joseph, and Gabrielli, Andrea, and Friedman, William A
	www.alibris.com /search/books/author/William_Friedman (664 words)

	CME's Cryptography Timeline
		William Frederick Friedman, later to be honored as the father of US cryptanalysis (and the man who coined that term), was employed as a civilian cryptanalyst (along with his wife Elizebeth) at Riverbank Laboratories and performed cryptanalysis for the US Government, which had no cryptanalytic expertise of its own.
		Nevertheless, the machine continued to be sold and used -- a triumph of salesmanship and a lesson to consumers of cryptographic devices.
		Kahn attributes the American SIGABA (M-134-C) to William F. Friedman while Deavours attributes it to an idea of Frank Rowlett, one of Friedman's first hires.
	world.std.com /~cme/html/timeline.html (3709 words)

	Bio_Friedman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		William J. Friedman is an experienced litigator and government affairs attorney.
		Friedman served as Senior Legal Advisor and Chief of Staff to FCC Commissioner Gloria Tristani and was a Senior Fellow at Duke Law School, teaching a combination of communications, digital intellectual property, and competition law.
		During his career he has received federal and state appointments, including appointments to the National Organic Standards Board at USDA, the New Mexico Organic Commodity Commission and designation as a member of the U.S. delegation to a United Nations organic products working group.
	www.ota.com /images/ato04/bio_Friedman.asp (168 words)

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