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	William Froude - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A sequence of 3, 6 and 12 (shown in the picture) foot scale models constucted by Froude and used in towing trials to establish resistance and scaling laws.
		William Froude (November 28, 1810, Dartington, Devon, England - May 4, 1879, Simonstown, South Africa) was an engineer, hydrodynamicist and naval architect, and the brother of James Anthony Froude, a historian.
		Froude was the first to formulate reliable laws for the resistance that water offers to ships and for predicting their stability.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/William_Froude (162 words)

	James Anthony Froude - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Froude's Life of Caesar (1879), a glorification of imperialism, betrays little acquaintance with Roman politics and the life of Cicero; and his travel book, The English in the West Indies or The Bow of Ulysses (1888) shows that he made little effort to master his subject.
		In 1874 Lord Carnarvon, then colonial secretary, sent Froude to South Africa to report on the best means of promoting a confederation of its colonies and states, and in 1875 he was again sent to the Cape as a member of a proposed conference to further confederation.
		Froude's first wife, a daughter of Pascoe Grenfell and sister of Mrs Charles Kingsley, died in 1860; his second, a daughter of John Warre, M.P. for Taunton, died in 1874.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/James_Anthony_Froude (1250 words)

	The Froud Revolution
		Unlike his forefathers, William Froude’s Oxford education was not put to the esoteric use that had won his family a degree of renown in academic circles.
		Froude was deeply grieved by the loss, for he felt the disaster and deaths of 472 men was completely predictable and avoidable.
		The Froude tank established at Spezia proved invaluable in these efforts, with the fruits of this research being manifest in the 50-meter (164’) long and one-meter (3.25’) wide bilge keels that were fitted to the battleship RMS Sardegna.
	members.aol.com /ghe101/The_Froud_Revolution.htm (1415 words)

	James Anthony Froude biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Froude's Life of Caesar (1879), a glorification of imperialism, betrays little acquaintance with Roman politics and the life of Cicero; and his travel book, The English in the West Indies (1888) shows that he made little effort to master his subject.
		Froude's temperament was sensitive, and he suffered from these attacks, which were often unjust and savage in tone.
		Froude therefore declared that in giving them to the world he was carrying out his friend's wish by enabling him to make a posthumous confession of his faults.
	james-anthony-froude.biography.ms (1287 words)

	William Froude
		Froude was born in Devon in 1810 and although a scion of literary and academic family - his brother was the distinguished historian James Anthony Froude -William went to work with Isambard Kingdom Brunel on the Great Western Railway project after Oxford University.
		But it was the father and son partnership of the Froudes that was able to apply the knowledge gained from their empirical research at Chelston Cross.
		William Froude was a pioneer in the use of ship models for hydrodynamic research.
	www.btinternet.com /~philipr/froude.htm (1282 words)

	Newman Reader - Ward's Life of Cardinal Newman - Chapter 8
		Froude he has tender and anxious thoughts for her husband, who, like his brother, James Antony Froude, was drifting away from all definite religious belief.
		Froude he was less pressing, and to her he spoke more of the difficulties she was likely to find in Roman Catholicism if she made the great change.
		The wife of William Froude and the sister-in-law of J. Froude was naturally familiar with the idea of mental doubt, and Newman's letters to her touch this aspect of possible views on religion, which is quite absent from the letters to Henry Wilberforce.
	www.newmanreader.org /biography/ward/volume1/chapter8.html (6673 words)

	Memoir of W.E.Metford
		WILLIAM ELLIS METFORD, was the elder son of William Metford, M.D., of Flook House, Taunton, by his marriage with Miss M. Anderdon, and was born on Oct. 4th, 1824.
		William Froude, who at once recognised his worth and the skill and accuracy of his workmanship as something out of the common.
		Froude then suggested that instead of a sphere resting on the bottom plate, there should be a hemisphere with an internal hollow hemisphere concentric with the outer one, and resting on a small sphere attached on top of the lower plate.
	www.lrml.org /historical/metford/memoir02.htm (943 words)

	IIA > Astrobiology > Dinosaur Extinction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		William Clemens and his colleagues focussed on the first million years of the tertiary period deposits above the K-T boundary as well as the part of the Hell Creek formation that lies immediately below it.
		Froude's experiment (ship models) involves the concept of dynamic similarity, which can be thought of as an extension of geometric similarity.
		The Froude numbers and stride lengths measured from trackways was used to infer the speed of dinosaurs.
	www.iiap.res.in /outreach/dinoext.html (3616 words)

	Fluid Mechanics Founders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Frouds was born in Dartington, England, and received his bachelor's degree in mathematics from Oriel College, Oxford, in 1832 and his mastsr's degre in 1837.
		Sir William Thompson (Lord Kslvin) (1824-1907), born in Belfast, contributsd significantly to the field of hydrodynamics, from its theoretical basis to the solution of numsrous wave problsms.
		John William Strutt (1842-1919), the third Baron Rayleigh, for whom the Rayleigh probability distribution is named, received (with Sir William Ramsey) the Nobel Prize in 1905 for the discovery of argon.
	www-personal.engin.umich.edu /~jhchen/biography/biog.html (1838 words)

	Froude, William (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Froude was born in Devon and educated at Oxford.
		With these two analytical results, Froude had found a reliable means of estimating the power required to drive a hull at a given speed.
		Froude also carried out model experiments and theoretical work on the rolling stability of ships.
	cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/F/Froude/1.html (259 words)

	May 4 - Today in Science History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		(William) Maurice Ewing was a US geophysicist who made fundamental contributions to understanding of marine sediments and ocean basins.
		He discovered the laws by which the performance of a model in a towing-tank could be extrapolated to the full-size ship when both have the same geometrical shape.
		He developed the bilge keel and developed the Froude number as a measure of the effect of gravity on fluid motion.
	www.todayinsci.com /5/5_04.htm (2340 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Froude Consine have been involved in testing ever since William Froude invented the hydraulic dynamometer in 1877.
		Froude Consine is the headquarters of FATP, uniting the expertise of Froude Consine, England, Froude Hofmann, Germany, Froude Consine Inc., USA, and Froude Consine France.
		Froude Consine operate ISO 9001 and Ford Q1 quality standards, as well as the environmental standard ISO 14001 and are accredited with the ‘Investors in People’ award.
	www.fki-eng.com /main.cfm?FuseAction=About&language=english&company=fc (179 words)

	Science Museum London - Treasures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		William Froude and his son Edmund constructed 0.9-, 1.8- and 3.6-m (3-, 6- and 12-ft) models of 'sharp' and 'blunt' hull forms and, by towing each set simultaneously behind a steam launch on the River Dart, Devon, built up graphs of resistance against speed.
		From the results Froude came to understand the complex relationships of surface friction, wave resistance and scale of model, leading the Admiralty to construct the first ship-model testing tank adjacent to Froude's house near Torquay.
		William Froude and Swan and Raven, two of his hydrodynamic models.
	www.sciencemuseum.org.uk /on-line/treasure/objects/1941-4.asp (90 words)

	W.E.Metford, Obituary, 1900
		William Ellis Metford was the elder son of William Metford MD of Flook House, Taunton, by his marriage with Miss M E Anderdon, and was born on October 4th, 1824.
		Mr Metford devised a form of theodolite with a traversing stage and a curved arm upholding the transit axis, which is described in the Proceedings of the Institution for February 1856.
		Mr Froude suggested a further improvement - that the sphere should not rest on the bottom plate, but should have an internal hollow sphere resting upon a small sphere concentric with the outer sphere.
	www.lrml.org /historical/metford/1900iceobit.htm (592 words)

	88.06.04: The Continuity Equation, the Reynolds Number, the Froude Number
		William Froude, a nineteenth century English scientist was one of the first to use a towing tank.
		The residual resistances varied as the displacements when the Froude number for both the model and the prototype were equal.
		Which says the only way the Reynolds and the Froude numbers can be equal is if the length of the model and the length of the ship are equal, that is if the model is full sized.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/1988/6/88.06.04.x.html (4165 words)

	Flutter and tumble in fluids (April 1999) - Physics World - PhysicsWeb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In the pioneering experimental work of William Willmarth at the University of Michigan in the 1960s, dye-laden discs were dropped into water and vortices were clearly seen in their wake.
		For a falling object the Froude number measures the ratio between the typical timescales of falling and of swinging.
		In our experiments, the Froude number is proportional to the square root of the mass and inversely proportional to the length of the strip.
	physicsweb.org /article/world/12/4/7 (3110 words)

	Froude Family History, South Devon, England
		James Anthony Froude Born 1818, Died 1894, Late Regius Professor of Modern History In the University of Oxford, England.
		For long regarded as the chief authority on the middle Tudor period, his conclusions tended to be based on preconceived opinions and later historians have criticised him for bias and partisanship for the government.
		Froude, William 28 November 1810 Dartington, Devon, England.
	www.geocities.com /kevin1brownuk/Froude.html (582 words)

	90.07.08: Ship and Airplane Testing: Physics for High School Mathematics Students
		William Froude (1810-1879), a nineteenth century English scientist, was one of the first to use a towing tank to test the designs of ships.
		Froude’s program was to determine the frictional resistances from the wetted surface areas of the model and the ship, determine the residual resistance of the model by towing the model, scale the model’s residual resistance up to the full size ship, and add it to the ship’s frictional resistance to get the ship’s total resistance.
		Froude took the measurements for a model and for the full size ship; the results matched.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/1990/7/90.07.08.x.html (7511 words)

	Richard Hurrell Froude -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Froude was educated at Oriel College, Oxford (B.A., 1824; M.A., 1827), where he met John Keble, and was tutor of his college (1827–30), when he met John Henry Newman.
		After pursuing his education in an evangelical home and at Trinity College, Oxford, he was made a fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, in 1822, vice principal of Alban Hall in 1825, and vicar of St. Mary's, Oxford, in 1828.
		Under the influence of the clergyman John Keble and Richard Hurrell Froude, Newman became a convinced high churchman...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9035512?tocId=9035512 (755 words)

	Hydraulics Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Froude built himself a towing tank on his own property and in part with his own funds, for the operation of which he had formulated a similarity law for flows under the influence of gravity.
		This law has come to be known under Froude's name, although it had actually been announced at least 20 years earlier by Ferdinand Reech (1805 80) [41], an Alsatian teaching in a naval college at Paris.
		But Froude was the first to note the development along the hull of ships [42] of what came to be known as the boundary layer, a phenomenon of viscous shear which eventually was shown to be a function of the Reynolds number.
	www.lib.uiowa.edu /spec-coll/Bai/hydraul.htm (4472 words)

	QCC Kayaks - Sea, Touring, Ocean Kayaks - Factory-Direct Kayaks
		The great pioneer of hydrodynamics, William Froude, coined the phrase "hull speed" when he discovered that extraordinary amounts of power were needed to propel the ships he was testing any faster than in knots.
		Any reduction in resistance at high speeds is due to wave cancellation and not wave size reduction due to the reduced displacement that accompanies planing.
		What Froude said was that wavemaking resistance increased rapidly as hull speed was approached.
	www.qcckayaks.com /resources/speakboat2.asp (939 words)

	Understanding Drag (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		One hundred year ago physicist William Froude propositioned that resistance on a displacement hull in motion was the sum of two basic parts – frictional resistance and residual resistance.
		Froude determined the natural speed of a wave is a function of the distance between wave crests and is equal to 1.34xL^(1/2), where speed is measured in knots and length is measured in feet.
		This is equal to 2.26xL^(1/2), when speed is measured in feet per second and length is measured in feet.
	members.cox.net /concretecanoe/understanding_drag.htm (749 words)

	COMPARISON: :Article comparing the hydrodynamics of kayaks and canoes with the new W boat:
		When this happens a big wave can be seen coming from the stern, and a second big wave is formed at the bow, and from that moment on the boat seems to be moving between the crests of these two waves.
		William Froude showed that the speed of waves in knots = 1.34 x L^1/2 where L is the boat's length in feet.
		Froude discovered that as the boat's speed increases the number of waves along the hull decreases until the boat moves between a big wave at the bow and a big wave at the stern.
	www.wavewalk.com /COMPARISON.html (4365 words)

	the boatbuilding.community - The Shape of the Canoe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Modern naval architecture began some 100 years ago when the physicist William Froude proposed the elegantly simple proposition that the resistance of a floating body in motion was the sum of two parts - frictional resistance (Rf) and residual resistance (Rr), and that the two could be analyzed separately.
		About 100 years ago, William Froude determined that the speed of waves in knots was equal to 1.34 x L1/2 in feet.
		The Froude number can be converted to S/L ratio by dividing it by.298) due to their ability to create waves with crests that are father apart, and so, the water "sees" a longer hull.
	boatbuilding.com /content/Redwing.html (4596 words)

	LEE COUNTY ILLINOIS OBITUARIES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Bertha Maude Froude was born in Freeport a daughter of E.R. and Elizabeth Froude and was married to Frank W.Scholl of Dixon on Feb. 9, 1911 since which time they have resided in Palmyra township.
		William Becker of May township and three brothers, Ferdinand of Sublette, John of Amboy and George of Maytown.
		CHARLES M., son of William and Christina Stout was born March 18, 1867, and passed away at his home in Compton Dec. 4, 1946 at the age of 79 years 8 months and 16 days after an illness of several months.
	www.iltrails.org /lee/leeobitsS.html (18852 words)

	Hennan & Froude Ltd Worcester
		Heenan and Froude was famous for building the 518ft high Blackpool Tower.
		William Froude was born in Devon in 1810.
		Heenan and Froude was a general purpose engineering company who made amongst other things exhaust and mine ventilating fans, colliery and mining plant, belts, conveyors, elevators, sawing machines, bench chains, water dynamo meters, spherical, horizontal and vertical engines, patent water boilers, bridge and roof iron work, and refuse destructors.
	www.miac.org.uk /heenan.htm (831 words)

	NA&ME Centennial: Excerpts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In England, the world's first modern towing basin was in operation, and William Froude's underlying principles of model-text extrapolation had been formulated.
		Developments in steam engineering were beginning to place irresistible pressures on the economics of commercial sail, although steam and sail were to coexist for decades more, both within the fleet and on the individual ships themselves.
		In 1881, Secretary of the Navy William M. Hunt appointed a board of officers to study the needs of a new naval construction program and thus took the first step toward building the New Navy.
	www.engin.umich.edu /dept/name/overview/centennial.html (6369 words)

	Blade Element - Momentum Theory
		William Froude originally conceived of BET in the 1870's.
		Stefan Drzewiecki however, was the first to rigorously examine and apply BET.
		Later Betz (1920) extended Rankine and Froude's work to include the rotation of the slipstream.
	www.helis.com /howflies/bet.php (469 words)

	Froude Coat of Arms
		The name Froude was first used by Viking settlers in ancient Scotland.
		It is possible that the surname came from the place-name, however, the opposite derivation is more probable.
		This practice, which often included paying homage to the Clan Chief at important events was effective in building respect, devotion and familiarity between different families within the same clan.
	www.houseofnames.com /xq/asp.c/qx/froude-coat-arms.htm (1004 words)

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