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	Connecticut's Heritage Gateway
		Sumner, a professor of political and social science at Yale from 1872 until his death was one of the most masterful teachers and scholars of his generation and the nineteenth century's leading exponent of laissez-faire, the position that government should intervene as little as possible in economic affairs.
		Although Sumner was a successful cleric, serving as rector of the Church of the Redeemer in Morristown, New Jersey, from 1870 to 1872, he grew increasingly interested in social and economic subjects and accepted a chair at Yale in political and social science in 1872.
		Sumner's aversion to departures from laissez-faire could be seen in the late 1870s when he gave testimony to the Select Committee on Depression in Labor and Business, a committee of the House of Representatives formed to investigate causes and possible cures for the Depression of the 1870's triggered by the Panic of 1873.
	www.ctheritage.org /encyclopedia/ct1865_1929/sumner.htm (413 words)

	William Graham Sumner - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		William Graham Sumner (1840-1910) was the leading American advocate of a free-trade industrial society, which is what he believed the socialists meant by "capitalism."
		Sumner's work with folkways led him to conclude that attempts at reform were useless.
		Sumner was a Titan in the intellectual defense of free-trade liberalism, and in his heyday and after there were Sumner Clubs here and there.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/William_Graham_Sumner (306 words)

	Search Results for "Sumner"
		...folkways, term coined by William Graham Sumner in his treatise Folkways (1906) to denote those group habits that are common to a society or culture and are usually...
		Sumner co., Tenn. He received (1828) a degree in medicine from Transylvania Univ. and practiced in Clinton,...
		Sumner, Mo. A Rhodes scholar, he was admitted (1934) to the bar and served (1934-35) in...
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=col65&query=Sumner (268 words)

	William G. Sumner, President 1908-1909
		William Graham Sumner was born in Paterson New Jersey on October 30, 1840, the son of Thomas Sumner and Sarah Graham.
		When Sumner was eight his mother died, leaving him and his two siblings in the care of an affection-less stepmother.
		Sumner returned to Yale as a classics tutor from 1866-1869 and was ordained a minister of the Episcopal Church in July of 1869.
	www2.asanet.org /governance/sumner.html (1892 words)

	US Political Thought, Lecture 12
		William Graham Sumner-- Social Darwinism and neo-liberalism in defense of laissez-faire capitalism
		Sumner views social reform as little more than the use of the state to steal from “the rich, comfortable, prosperous, virtuous, respectable, educated, and healthy” (341) in order to give to “classes of people who have not been able to satisfy their own desires.
		Sumner’s position is more consistent than those who strongly opposed social welfare and industrial regulation but who made enormous exceptions when it came to subsidies and benefits for industry.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~jboland/lect_12.html (1217 words)

	William Graham Sumner on War and Peace by Murray Polner
		Imperialism, Sumner argued, led to chauvinism, an aggressive outgrowth of mindless patriotism manufactured by the arrogant truculence of men and women relying on emotional sloganeering ("Support Our Troops in Iraq") and threats against dissenters and traditional civil liberties (what George Orwell once called "orthodox sniffery" – or are you loyal?).
		Four years after he died of a stroke in 1914, E.L. Godkin, The Nation’s irrepressible editor wrote that Sumner’s vigorous and biting prose ("like a strong wind – it exhilarates") was still effective, still relevant, still capable or provoking intelligent and rational debate.
		The rise of an American empire in the Caribbean and Pacific left Sumner a lonely, carping, bitter, critic and scholar, an individualistic anomaly of his time.
	www.lewrockwell.com /orig/polner4.html (578 words)

	Yale Professor William Graham Sumner Prescribes Laissez-Faire for Depression Woes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		On August 22, 1878, Yale faculty member William Graham Sumner testified before a select committee of the U.S. House of Representatives charged with investigating the Causes of the General Depression in Labor and Business.
		Sumner preached a strict “hands-off” approach to ameliorating the widespread economic dislocations then plaguing the country.
		There are plenty of people in the United States to-day whose fathers were displaced from their labor in some of the old countries by the introduction of machinery, and who suffered very great poverty, and who were forced to emigrate to this country by the pressure of necessity, poverty, and famine.
	historymatters.gmu.edu /d/5729 (2710 words)

	William Graham Sumner
		Sumner, William Graham, 1840–1910, American sociologist and political economist, b.
		by Sumner and Albert G. Keller, a colleague, was not completed and published until 1927 (4 vol.; Vol.
		folkways - folkways, term coined by William Graham Sumner in his treatise Folkways (1906) to denote those...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0847204.html (231 words)

	Probe Ministries - Cultural Relativism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Sumner argued in his book, Folkways: "World philosophy, life policy, right, rights, and morality are all products of the folkways."{4} In other words, what we perceive as conscience is merely the product of culture upon our minds through childhood training and cultural influence.
		Sumner studied all sorts of societies (primitive and advanced), and was able to document numerous examples of cultural relativism.
		Sumner believed that this diversity of moral values clearly demonstrated that culture is the sole determinant of our ethical standards.
	www.probe.org /content/view/117/77 (2231 words)

	William Graham Sumner
		Sumner grew up in Hartford, Connecticut, the son of a working-class English immigrant.
		After graduating from Yale University in 1863, he studied for the ministry and eventually became a priest in the Protestant Episcopal church.
		In his lectures and writings, Sumner became one of the leading proponents of laissez-faire economics and Social Darwinism, opposing all government efforts to regulate business or to combat social inequality.
	us.history.wisc.edu /hist102/bios/html/sumner.html (143 words)

	William Graham Sumner Biography / Biography of William Graham Sumner Main Biography
		The American sociologist and educator William Graham Sumner (1840-1910) was one of the earliest proponents of sociology in the United States and was especially notable for his advocacy of the evolutionary viewpoints of Herbert Spencer in academic and public circles.
		William Graham Sumner was born on Oct. 30, 1840, in Paterson, N. His parents were both of English ancestry and of modest social background.
		In 1869 he left Yale to be rector of churches in New York City and Morristown, N. In 1872 he became the first professor of political and social science at Yale--a position he long held.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-william-graham-sumner (250 words)

	"The Rich Are Good-Natured": William Graham Sumner Defends the Wealthy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In the late 19th century, William Graham Sumner, an Episcopal minister turned academic sociologist, brought a distinctly conservative perspective to the new “science” of sociology.
		Sumner’s writings justified government inaction in the face of vast social dislocations caused by rapid industrialization and the periodic economic depressions that accompanied it.
		So it should be, and under such a state of things there is no reason to desire to limit the property which any man may acquire.
	historymatters.gmu.edu /d/4998 (2540 words)

	William Graham Sumner Biography / Biography of William Graham Sumner Literary Biography
		The economist, philosopher, and sociologist William Graham Sumner was a leading defender of individualism, private property, and laissez-faire capitalism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; he was also one of the most popular professors ever to teach at Yale University.
		His best-known work is his 1906 study Folkways: A Study of the Sociological Importance of Usages, Manners, Customs, Mores, and Morals, the only part of a projected masterwork on "the science of society" that he was able to publish during his lifetime.
		Each Biography is written by a biographical expert or professional educator and is a complete resource on the individual.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-william-graham-sumner-dlb (204 words)

	Sumner, William Graham on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		SUMNER, WILLIAM GRAHAM [Sumner, William Graham] 1840-1910, American sociologist and political economist, b.
		Cultural relativism and the savage: the alleged inconsistency of William Graham Sumner.
		Author:Barber, William J.; Publication: The American Journal of Economics and Sociology; Source:MAGS MAGS REED
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/s/sumner-w1.asp (285 words)

	William Graham Sumner on Social Obligations in the Industrial Age
		William Graham Sumner on Social Obligations in the Industrial Age
		The increasing and often staggering inequality between the “haves” and the “have-nots” produced by the phenomenal economic development of the Gilded Age resulted in rising anxiety by Americans of all social classes.
		William Graham Sumner, a Yale professor whose ideas attracted a large national audience, attempted to address this preeminent concern of the late nineteenth century in his book What Social Classes Owe to Each Other (New York: Harper and Brothers 1883), pp.
	www-personal.umd.umich.edu /~ppennock/doc-Sumner.htm (1611 words)

	Amazon.com: What Social Classes Owe to Each Other: Books: William Graham Sumner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Graham Sumner champions the rights of the individual over the state and organized pressure groups.
		The philosophy of Sumner, who was a professor at Yale, (but a great thinker, nonetheless!) has shown up in the rhetoric of many politicians throughout this century.
		Sumner talks about the "Forgotten Man" in context to the socio-political and economic of a state.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0870041665?v=glance (919 words)

	Sumner, William Graham articles on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Sumner, William Graham SUMNER, WILLIAM GRAHAM [Sumner, William Graham] 1840-1910, American sociologist and political economist, b.
		The term comes from the Latin mos (customs), and although mores are fewer in number than folkways, they are more coercive.
		folkways FOLKWAYS [folkways] term coined by William Graham Sumner in his treatise Folkways (1906) to denote those group habits that are common to a society or culture and are usually called customs.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/12469.html (254 words)

	William Graham Sumner's Essay, "The Forgotten Man."
		He is the Forgotten Man again, and as soon as he is drawn from his obscurity we see that he is just what each one of us ought to be.
		William Graham Sumner (1840-1910) was a Professor of Political Economy and of Sociology at Yale.
		In two paragraphs defining who is the Forgotten Man, the general principle is stated so fully that the reader unconsciously accepts it.
	www.blupete.com /Literature/Essays/Best/SumnerForgotten.htm (1990 words)

	Robert Morris the Financier and the Finances of the American Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		William Graham Sumner was born in Paterson, New Jersey on October 30, 1840.
		In 1890 Sumner fell victim to what was termed a "nervous illness," the result of a punishing work schedule that had resulted in sixty articles and two books in the previous three years.
		Whatever his intellectual shortcomings, Sumner's hardheaded honesty and bold address of underlying issues has kept alive interest in his thought and career in recent decades.
	www.beardbooks.com /robert_morris.html (899 words)

	POLSC 301 Topics for Third Paper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Explain Sumner's conception of a contract society and the proper role of the state; show how this ideal forms the basis for his critique of the political trends he observes around him; and then assess whether the political course he recommends is consistent with his theory.
		You are Herbert Croly and you have just read William Sumner's essays, "What Do Social Classes Owe to Each Other?" and the "Conquest of the United States by Spain." Write Mr.
		Sumner a letter in which you develop a critique of his work that explores what you see as the three most serious flaws in his argument.
	urban.hunter.cuny.edu /~apolsky/301F04PT3.htm (492 words)

	Text 9 Reading, Topic: Power, Toolbox: The Gilded and the Gritty: America, 1870-1912, Toolbox Library, Teacher ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		"Is it wicked to be rich?" challenges William Graham Sumner, a minister and political economist of the time.
		These pieces from Sumner and Walter Rauschenbusch address the familiar issue of laissez faire vs. government intervention, and in addition reveal the emotive undercurrent in each man's position.
		Businessmen should be honored for the very American characteristics of initiative and practical courage that result in better lives for all—a benefit of "natural selection" applied to society.
	www.nhc.rtp.nc.us:8080 /pds/gilded/power/text9/text9read.htm (546 words)

	James Hayden Tufts: Review of Folkways by William Graham Sumner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Professor Sumner's former students will not need the implication in the preface that this book is built out of material gradually accumulated during years of instruction.
		The range of illustration, the crisp, clear English, the vigorous dicta on policies and current conceptions, bring back vividly the memories of what has been to many a stimulating and fruitful experience.
		Every student of social psychology, morality, and the history of civilization will be grateful to Professor Sumner for the wealth of material which is here presented.
	spartan.ac.brocku.ca /~lward/Tufts/Tufts_1907.html (1469 words)

	eBay - william graham sumner, Antiquarian Collectible, Nonfiction Books items on eBay.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		William Graham Sumner;: [an essay of commentary and sel
		Harvest Book Co William Graham Sumner;: [an essay of commentary and sel
		Essays of William Graham Sumner by William G. Sumner...
	search-desc.ebay.com /search/search.dll?query=william+graham+sumner&... (283 words)

	William Graham Sumner Books - Signed, used, new, out-of-print
		Sumner champions the rights of the individual over the state and organized pressure groups.
		William Graham Sumner is the "forgotten man" of American intellectual history.
		In A History of American Currency, Yale Professor William G. Sumner examines the development of the monetary system in the...
	www.alibris.com /search/books/author/William_Graham_Sumner (480 words)

	Norms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Sumner was one of the first Americans to teach sociology in a major university (Yale).
		Norm specify behavorial expectations by defining what are correct and incorrect ways of responding to situations.
		William Graham Sumner Classified Norms into 3 Major Types:
	www.tomcravens.com /norms.html (198 words)

	William Graham Sumner (The Absurd Attempt to Make the World Over), Grover Cleveland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The massive Science of Society by Sumner and Albert G. Keller, a colleague, was not completed and published until 1927.
		Sumner thus championed laissez-faire as the only true principle of both economics and government; in lectures and written works with such titles as "The Absurd Attempt to Make the World Over", he decried any and all movements that pointed to a welfare state.
		Basically, he supported laissez-faire and said that any interference in the natural state of business was absurd (hence the book).
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~mwfriedm/terms/linds_15.html (889 words)

	AllRefer.com - William Graham Sumner (Sociology, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - William Graham Sumner (Sociology, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		See H. Starr, William Graham Sumner (1925); A. Keller, Reminiscences (Mainly Personal) of William Graham Sumner (1933); W. Green, Sumner Today (1940, repr.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on William Graham Sumner
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Sumner-W.html (326 words)

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