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Topic: William of Normandy

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	AllRefer.com - William I, king of England : Duke of Normandy (British And Irish History, Biography) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		William and his guardians were hard pressed to keep down recurrent rebellions during his minority, and at least once the young duke barely escaped death.
		William is said to have visited England in 1051 or 1052, when his cousin Edward the Confessor probably promised that William would succeed him as king of England.
		The accession (1060) of the child Philip I of France, whose guardian was William's father-in-law, improved his position, and in 1063 William conquered the county of Maine.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/W/Will1Eng-duke-of-normandy.html (349 words)

	William I of England - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		William succeeded to his father's Duchy of Normandy at the young age of 7 in 1035 and was known as Duke William II of Normandy (Fr.
		William's defeat of these led to what became known as The Harrying of the North (Sometimes called Harrowing) in which Northumbria was laid waste as revenge and to deny his enemies its resources.
		William was buried in the St. Peter's Church in Caen, Normandy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/William_I_of_England (1267 words)

	History of the Monarchy > The Normans > William I
		William's claim to the English throne was based on his assertion that, in 1051, Edward the Confessor had promised him the throne (he was a distant cousin) and that Harold II - having sworn in 1064 to uphold William's right to succeed to that throne - was therefore a usurper.
		William's wholesale confiscation of land from English nobles and their heirs (many nobles had died at the battles of Stamford Bridge and Senlac) enabled him to recruit and retain an army, by demanding military duties in exchange for land tenancy granted to Norman, French and Flemish allies.
		William bequeathed Normandy as he had promised to his eldest son Robert, despite their bitter differences (Robert had sided with his father's enemies in Normandy, and even wounded and defeated his father in a battle there in 1079).
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page18.asp (1785 words)

	William I of England -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		William succeeded to his father's (Click link for more info and facts about Duchy of Normandy) Duchy of Normandy at the young age of 7 in 1035 and was known as Duke William II of Normandy.
		William's defeat of these led to what became known as the harrowing of the North in which (An Anglo-Saxon kingdom in northern England until 876) Northumbria was laid waste to deny his enemies its resources.
		William was succeeded in 1087 as King of England by his younger son (The second son of William the Conqueror who succeeded him as King of England (1056-1100)) William Rufus and as Duke of Normandy by his elder son (Click link for more info and facts about Robert Curthose) Robert Curthose.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/w/wi/william_i_of_england.htm (1555 words)

	Britannia: Monarchs of Britain
		William, the illegitimate son of the Duke of Normandy, spent his first six years with his mother in Falaise and received the duchy of Normandy upon his father's death in 1035.
		In 1047, William reasserted himself in the eastern Norman regions and, with the aid of France's King Henry I, crushed the rebelling barons.
		William was enraged and immediately prepared to invade, insisting that Harold had sworn allegiance to him in 1064.
	www.britannia.com /history/monarchs/mon22.html (740 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: William the Conqueror
		William was the natural son of Robert, Duke of Normandy, his mother, Herleva, being the daughter of a tanner of Falaise.
		To the pope, William was ever careful to show himself a considerate and respectful son, even on such occasions as when he firmly resisted the claim made by Gregory VII to feudal homage.
		The principal sources are the Gesta Willelmi of WILLIAM OF POITIERS, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the Historia Ecclesiastica of ORDERICUS VITALIS, the Gesta Regum of WILLIAM OF MALMESBURY and the Historia Normannorum of WILLIAM OF JUMIÈGES.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15642c.htm (1528 words)

	England from Arthur to William of Normandy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		William had been the cousin of Edward the Confessor, and Edward had promised to make him his heir.
		William would lead an invasion of England, and the Normans would conquer in Sicily before the end of the century.
		William divided England's lands into 180 parcels, each of which was put under the supervision of an overlord who, in turn, rented out lands to Norman warrior-barons.
	www.fsmitha.com /h3/h04eng.htm (2225 words)

	Kings of England
		King of England, was the natural son of Robert, Duke of Normandy, and was born at Falaise, in 1027.
		William's rival, Edgar Atheling, was supported by some of the leading men for a short time, but they all made sub mission to William at Berkhampstead, and on the following Christmas-day he was crowned at Westminster by Aldred, archbishop of York, a riot occurring, in which some lives were lost and some houses burnt.
		Early in 1067 William went to Normandy, leaving the government of his new dominions in the hands of Odo, bishop of Bayeux, and William Fitz-Osbern.
	www.genuki.org.uk /big/royalty/kingw.html (2389 words)

	William I of England (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He was the illegitimate son of Robert the Magnificent, Duke of Normandy, and Herleva, the daughter of a tanner; he was born in Falaise, Normandy (now in France).
		In a most unregal postmortem, William's corpulent body would not fit in a too-small stone sarcophagus, and, after some unsuccessful prodding by the assembled bishops, exploded, mephitizing the chapel and dispersing the mourners.
		William was succeeded in 1087 as King of England by his younger son William II and as Duke of Normandy by his elder son Robert Curthose, who had earlier rebelled.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/william_i_of_england (1073 words)

	William (II)
		He was the third son of William the Conqueror, king of England, who on his deathbed named him as his successor in England, leaving the duchy of Normandy to his eldest son, Robert.
		William Rufus, as he was known because of his ruddy complexion, was crowned in Westminster Abbey in 1087.
		William then fought to recapture lands his brother had lost as duke of Normandy and returned the county of Maine to the rule of the duchy.
	pages.britishlibrary.net /mikepymm/william_(ii).htm (685 words)

	Encyclopedia: William of Normandy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		William Adelin (1103 – November 25, 1120) was the only legitimate son of Henry I of England and his wife Maud of Scotland.
		In a most unregal postmortem, William's corpulent body would not fit in the stone sarcophagus, and burst after some unsuccessful prodding by the assembled bishops, filling the chapel with a foul smell and dispersing the mourners.
		[1] accord of winchester signed 1072 by william the conqueror and his wife this elevated canterbury over york as to whose archbishop would be the highest primate in england the large Xs are the signatures of william and matilda, the one under theirs is lanfrancs, and the other bishops are under his...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/William-of-Normandy (3980 words)

	Timelines - William II
		A third son, William, was born, in Normandy, to William, Duke of Normandy and his wife Matilda of Flanders.
		William II had not appointed an Archbishop of Canterbury because he was wary of giving churchmen too much power and he had not found a man loyal enough to fill the post.
		William was hated by the churchmen of the day - they disliked his preference for long hair, seeing it as a sign of an effeminate and low morals.
	www.historyonthenet.com /Chronology/timelinewilliamrufus.htm (849 words)

	Why did Duke William of Normandy win the Battle of Hastings?
		Duke William of Normandy won the battle of Hastings is because At nine o'clock in the morning of the 14th, the Normans began to advance.Spears and arrows flew in all sorts of directions.
		William of Normandy claimed that he had the right to be King of England because he was closest to the last Kinbg, Edward as his cousin.
		William won the battle of hastings because he had a better trained army,harolds men MUST of been tired from the battle of stamford bridge with harald hardrada and harold must of lost some of his best fighters at Stamford bridge.
	www.faqfarm.com /History/English/6451 (2514 words)

	BBC - History - William I, William the Conqueror (c.1028 - 1087)
		The illegitimate son of Robert I of Normandy, William became Duke of Normandy on his father's death in 1035.
		William developed an ambition to become his kinsman's heir, encouraged by Edward, who possibly even promised him the throne in 1051.
		Abroad, William was threatened by an alliance of Philip I of France and William's son, Robert Curthose.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/historic_figures/william_i_king.shtml (438 words)

	William the Conqueror and the Norman conquest of England
		William the Conqueror and the Norman conquest of England
		William's response was the ferocious "Harrying of the North" (1069-70), which devastated the land in a broad swath from York to Durham.
		William needed proper records so that his new, efficient Norman bureaucracy could do its job, especially when it came to collecting all the revenues due to the crown.
	www.britainexpress.com /History/William_the_Conqueror.htm (630 words)

	William the Conqueror
		William survived but he was forced to accept Ralph of Wacy as his guardian and leader of his armed forces.
		In 1053 William married Matilda of Flanders, the daughter of Count Baldwin of Flanders.
		William was furious and on mounted an attack on the king's territory.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /MEDwilliam1.htm (3143 words)

	4. The Reign Of William In Normandy (A.D. 1052-1063) Page 1
		William is still only making his way to the universal good will of his duchy: but he is fast making it.
		The rebel, William Busac of the house of Eu, is said to have defended the castle of Eu against the duke and to have gone into banishment in France.
		William's wrath was kindled; he ordered Lanfranc into banishment and took a baser revenge by laying waste part of the lands of the abbey.
	www.public-domain-content.com /books/William_the_Conqueror/C4P1.shtml (1148 words)

	William I -> Duke of Normandy on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		William I -> Duke of Normandy on Encyclopedia.com 2002
		William Francis Thompson (1888-1965) and the dawn of marine fisheries research in California.
		William C. Wallace of V Corps meets with the troops in the 1st Brigade Combat Team 3rd Infantry Division of the U.S. Army from Fort Benning, Georgia, Tuesday March 18, 2003
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/Will1Eng_DukeofNormandy.asp (902 words)

	Gundreda Book (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Observations on the parentage of Gundreda, the daughter of William, Duke of Normandy, and Wife of William de Warenne.
		She was the daughter of William de Warenne, the second Earl of Surrey, by Isabel de Vermandois, and consequently granddaughter of Gundreda, the fifth daughter of William, Duke of Normandy, the subject of the following notice.
		According to William of Jumieges, (who was not only contemporary with the events he relates, but dedicated his work to the Conqueror, so that his authority on this point is unquestionable), it was not until after the marriage that the fact of their near relationship was brought to the cognizance of the Pope.
	www.oldbooksoncd.com /gundreda_book.htm (3602 words)

	Wikinfo \| William the Conqueror (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He was the illegitimate son of Robert the Magnificent, duke of Normandy, and Herleva (or "Arlette"), the daughter of a tanner named Fulbert; he was born in Falaise, Normandy (now in France).
		He succeeded his father to the dukedom as a young boy in 1035 and was known as Duke William II of Normandy.
		William initiated many major changes, amongst them a fundamental review of the prevailing Anglo-Saxon legal system, which he fused with Norman law.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=William_I_of_England (693 words)

	Ancestors of Eugene Ashton ANDREW & Anna Louise HANISH King William Normandy ENGLAND, I ANDREW ANGERMUELLER HANISH ...
		William appealed to the Pope; Alexander II, counseled by Hildebrand, condemned Harold as a usurper, excommunicated him and his adherents, and declared William the lawful claimant of the English throne; he blessed William's proposed invasion, and sent him a consecrated banner and a ring containing, within a diamond, a hair of St. Peter's head.
		William had already won the reputation of being friendly to reform in the Church; he was in a position to tempt the papacy...The Pope, urged on by Hildebrand, the future Pope Gregory VII, gave William his blessing, and so made the campaign of Hastings something very like a Crusade.
		William was reinforced very soon after the battle; it maybe that he had landed only a part of his army and that Harold calculated on pushing it into the sea before reinforcements came.
	www.geneal.net /1309.htm (6519 words)

	BBC - History - 1066 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		These bad omens for Harold were important to William of Normandy, who was set on claiming the English crown for himself - omens as important as the 'promise' of 1051 and the 'oath' of 1064.
		William could not just demand support from his nobles, he had to convince them of his case.
		This was the lever that William needed: with Harold occupied in the north, William could invade in the south.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/war/normans/1066_01.shtml (465 words)

	y7u2l3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		From last lesson you learnt that on October 15th 1066 William of Normandy defeated King Harold of England at the Battle of Hastings.
		With King Harold defeated, William of Normandy was in a position to claim the crown of England and become King William I. However, it was not as easy as just claiming the crown for himself.
		William would have to overcome some major problems and strong opposition to his plans from the people of England.
	www.passmoreshistory.homestead.com /y7u2l3.html (219 words)

	Story4.HTM
		Born in 1027, Duke William of Normandy was only seven years old when he inherited his father's realm, one of the wealthiest and most powerful provinces in France.
		After the oath was sworn, William dramatically revealed that he had secretly gathered "all the bones and the relics of the saints," from the Norman monasteries and churches and concealed them in two large chests, which had been placed in the council room in which they stood.
		William began the battle by deploying his archers, whose arrows had little effect when fired uphill at the overlapping shields of the Saxon defensive line.
	www.oldnewspublishing.com /story4.htm (1889 words)

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