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Topic: William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

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	Luxembourg, grand duchy, W Europe. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Luxembourg’s grand duke is the titular head of state; the head of government is the prime minister, who is aided by a council of ministers.
		William III died (1890) without a male heir; his daughter Wilhelmina succeeded him in the Netherlands, but Duke Adolf of Nassau, from a collateral line, became grand duke of Luxembourg.
		Grand Duke Adolf was followed in 1905 by William IV and in 1912 by Marie Adelaide.
	www.bartleby.com /65/lu/Luxembou.html (1117 words)

	boys clothing: European royalty--Luxemburg
		Adolphe von Nassau, Grand Duke of Luxemburg, was born in 1817.
		William von Nassau, Grand Duke of Luxemburg, was born in 1852.
		Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg was born at Berg Castle on January 23, 1896, the second daughter of Grand Duke William (Guillaume) and Grand Duchess Marie-Anne, Princess of Braganca, Princess (Infanta) of Portugal.
	histclo.com /royal/lux/royal-lux.htm (2334 words)

	Namnlöst dokument
		Luxembourg had Salic law, and William III was therefore succeeded as Grand Duke by his distant relative, Adolphe of Nassau.
		Her parents were Grand Duke Guillaume IV and Grand Duchess Maira Anna (née Princess of Portugal).
		Her parents were Grand Duke Guillaume IV and Grand Duchess Maria Anna (née Princess of Portugal).
	www.warholm.nu /Granddukes.html (618 words)

	Royalty.nu - Grand Dukes and Duchesses of Luxembourg, the House of Nassau
		Royalty.nu - Grand Dukes and Duchesses of Luxembourg, the House of Nassau
		Luxembourg is a constitutional monarchy; the grand duke is the head of state, but he swears to observe the country's laws and has little political power.
		Grand Duke Henri and his wife, Maria Teresa, also have five children: Guillaume, born in 1981; Félix, born in 1984; Louis, born in 1986; Alexandra, born in 1991; and Sebastien, born in 1992.
	www.royalty.nu /Europe/Luxembourg.html (1223 words)

	Holland 1697 - 1890 The history of the Lowlands during the 18th and 19th century, The Franch revolution, The Batavian ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		William III was called to fill the office of Orange of dignity and authority which had been held by his ancestors of the house of Orange, and the Stadtholdership was declared to be hereditary in his family.
		On the death (1702) of William III the Stadtholderate was again suspended and the States-General resumed control of the government during the period of Simon van Slingerlandt of Dordrecht became Grand Pensionary from 1721-1736 and was also a Republican as his predecessors van Oldenbarneveldt and de Witt were.
		The Grand Pensionary presided over the meetings of the college, which had the genera charge of the whole provincial administration, especially of finance, the carrying out of the resolutions of the states, the maintenance of defenses, and the upholding of the privileges and liberties of the land.
	www.geerts.com /holland/holland-5.htm (2262 words)

	Germany, the Stem Duchies & Marches
		Sibylle married the Gian Gastone, the Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany.
		In 1423, the Wettins became the Dukes of Saxony -- the opposite of the dynamic in 909.
		Rudolf IV of Hapsburg got himself elected Emperor, the first after the Great Interregnum (1254-1273) which followed the fall of the Hohenstaufen, and used his power to obtain the Duchy of Austria, killing Ottokar II, Duke of Austria and King of Bohemia, at the Battle of Dürnkrut in 1278.
	www.friesian.com /germany.htm (10308 words)

	Luxembourg
		Luxembourg's territory was reduced to its current size when the Congress of Vienna transferred the land east of the Our, Sûre, and Moselle rivers to Prussia and the western half joined Belgium in a successful revolt against the Netherlands in 1830.
		The grand duke or duchess, the ceremonial head of state, appoints the prime minister, who is responsible to a sixty-member Chamber of Deputies that is popularly elected every five years.
		Luxembourg lacks a distinctive literary tradition because of the absence of spelling and grammatical rules and the limited vocabulary and grammar constructions of Luxembourgish.
	www.everyculture.com /Ja-Ma/Luxembourg.html (3408 words)

	Luxembourger Americans
		Luxembourg is surrounded by Belgium to its north and west, France to its south and Germany to its east.
		Upon the death of Grand Duchess Charlotte in 1964, her son Prince Jean assumed the throne as the Grand Duke of Luxembourg.
		Luxembourger immigrants who were farmers often came to possess land in America ten times or more in size than that of their forebears in the old country.
	www.everyculture.com /multi/Le-Pa/Luxembourger-Americans.html (6448 words)

	luxhistory2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Grand Duke Jean's eldest son, Prince Henri, was appointed "Lieutenant Représentant" (Hereditary Grand Duke) on March 4, 1998.
		At the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Duchy of Luxembourg was raised to the rank of a grand duchy and was ceded to the new King of the Netherlands, who thus also became the first Grand Duke of Luxembourg.
		Luxembourg was inherited in accordance to the Nassau Family Pact which was based firstly upon Salic Law in favor of all agnatic lines of the medievally-originated House of Nassau, and apparently was interptetable to allow female succession only in Semi-Salic basis if all agnatic lines become extinct.
	www.bissenfamily.net /luxhistory2.htm (362 words)

	Luxembourg Tourist Office in London
		The same "John of Luxembourg", as he is known in the Czech Republic, successor to King Wenceslas III (1337-1383) [note: not "Good King Wenceslas" known from the carol!], was father to Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, known today as the Father of the Czech Nation.
		Grand Duke Jean, the father of Luxembourg's current Head of State, Grand Duke Henri, actively participated in the D-Day landings.
		Grand Duke Jean is a Knight of the Garter and Colonel of the Irish Guards, therefore rides immediately behind H.M. The Queen during the "Trooping the Colour" ceremony, along with Prince Charles, Prince Philip, and the Duke of Kent.
	www.luxembourg.co.uk /trivia.html (1212 words)

	Drew Spencer Family Tree - aqwg235
		Unknown married Guillaume IV of Luxembourg Grand Duke.
		Maria of Russia Grand Duchess was born 1953.
		Victoria Melita of Edinburgh Grand Duchess was born 1876 and died 1936.
	members.tripod.com /drewspen/genealogy/aqwg235.htm (389 words)

	The House of Orange (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Johann V (1455-1516), Count of Nassau, lord of Dillenburg, Siegen, Vianden and Dietz and Breda, Stadtholder of Guelders and Zutphen 1504-1505, son of Johann IV von Nassau-Dillenburg in Vianden and Dietz (1448-1475), grandson of Engelbert I, married 1482 Elisabeth of Hesse (1466-1523).
		Louise Juliana (1576-1644), married 1593 Frederick IV of The Palts (1574-1610).
		The young William III was to young to succeed his grand-father as Stadtholder, and, when grown-up, he went to Great-Britain with the permission of the States of Holland and became the famous King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1689.
	www.geerts.com /holland/orange-house.htm (5235 words)

	Search Europe : Country Guide : Luxembourg
		Emperor Charles IV elevated the County of Luxembourg to the rank of Duchy in 1354.
		Grand Duke Jean and his wife Grand Duchess Joséphine-Charlotte, the sister of the King of the Belgians, have five children Henri, Jean, Guillaume, Marie-Astrid, and Margaretha.
		Northern Luxembourg suffered twice in the Battle of the Bulge: first during the attack of the Germans and again during the retreating combats which ended on February 12, 1945.
	www.searcheurope.com /countries/luxembourg/history.shtml (666 words)

	Kingdoms of Europe - Luxembourg
		Luxembourg began as a stronghold which was obtained by the Count of Ardennes.
		Luxembourg falls under the control of various creditors in turn, ending up under the rule of Wenceslas' niece, Elizabeth of Göerlitz.
		Luxembourg is gained by the Duchy of Burgundy through conquest.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsEurope/FranceLuxembourg.htm (210 words)

	William II - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		WILLIAM II [William II] 1792-1849, king of the Netherlands and grand duke of Luxembourg (1840-49), son and successor of William I. He served with Wellington in the Peninsular War, was wounded at Waterloo, and led the Dutch army in the Belgian revolution (1830), after his father had failed to approve his efforts at conciliation.
		Called to the throne upon the abdication of his father (1840), William II was immediately confronted with a grave financial problem, which was solved by raising a "voluntary loan" among the people.
		Demand mounted for constitutional revision, but the king resisted the liberal movement, led by Jan Thorbecke, until the revolutionary spirit of 1848 induced him to grant the desired reforms.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-will2n1eth.html (281 words)

	Guillaume IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (Guillaume Alexandre) (April 22, 1852 – February 25, 1912) was the eldest child of Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg.
		He became Grand Duke on the death of his father on November 17, 1905.
		She became Luxembourg's first reigning female monarch upon her father's death in 1912, and upon her own abdication in 1919, was succeeded by her younger sister Charlotte (1896-1985).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/William_IV_of_Luxembourg (300 words)

	Namnlöst dokument
		Since she was married to Duke Heinrich of Mecklenburg (from the branch Mecklenburg-Schwerin), it could be argued that the Dutch throne belonged to the House of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1948-1980 (when Juliana was Queen).
		When King Willem I received Luxembourg in exchange for his Nassau territories in 1815 both he, the head of the Branch of Otto, and the Duke of Nassau, the head of the branch of Walram, decided that the Nassau Family Treaty would also apply to the succession in Luxembourg.
		Grandmasters are the Grand Duke of Luxembourg and the King of the Netherlands.
	www.warholm.nu /FAQned.html (2090 words)

	William
		William is the modern English form of a Norman name, Willelm, comming from the Germanic name Wilhelm, or Willahelm.
		William was a later Germanic name and did not appear in England in the Anglo-Saxon period.
		It was brought to the island with William the Conqueror and the Norman French in 1066.
	www.geocities.com /edgarbook/names/w/william.html (436 words)

	Luxembourg : In Depth : Dateline \| Frommers.com
		1308 Henry VII, count of Luxembourg, is elected king of Germany, and in 1312 is crowned Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV.
		1354 Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV, the grandson of Henry IV, raises Luxembourg's status from a county to a duchy.
		1506 Luxembourg is inherited by the future Habsburg Emperor and King of Spain Charles V. Following the 1554 destruction of the Town Hall by a gunpowder explosion, construction is completed on the original wing of the ducal palace.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/luxembourg/0107020051.html (668 words)

	Titles of European hereditary rulers
		In 1467, the Duke of Burgundy accepted the title of Duke of Luxembourg after Elizabeth of Austria (+1505), the wife of Casimir IV, King of Poland, renounced her rights to Luxembourg.
		She was the youngest daughter of Albert (+1439), King of the Romans, Bohemia and Hungary, and Elizabeth of Luxembourg (+1442), a daughter of Emperor Sigismund (+1437).
		Duke of Burgundy, Lotharingia, Brabant, Limburg, Luxembourg, Gelderland, Milan;
	www.geocities.com /eurprin/luxembourg.html (8259 words)

	Welcome to Adobe GoLive 5
		Buried firstly in the Abbey of Altmunster in Luxembourg.
		Duke Leopold II (Roman Emperor, German king, King of Bohemia, Croatia and Hungary, Archduke of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany)
		From 2000: HENRY I (Henri I) Born in 1955 at Betzdorf Castle, Luxembourg.
	homepage.mac.com /crowns/l/avtxt.html (1358 words)

	The Congress of Vienna, 1 November 1814- 8 June 1815
		In Germany, Prussia received half of Saxony, the Grand Duchy of Berg, part of the Duchy of Westphalia, and territory on the left bank of the Rhine between Elken and Coblenz, including Cologne, Trèves, and Aix-la-Chapelle.
		In Poland, Russia received the greater part of the grand duchy of Warsaw which was to be made into a separate kingdom of Poland.
		Tuscany was assigned to the Grand Duke Ferdinand, uncle of the Emperor Francis; Modena to the Archduke Francois d’Este, another Habsburg prince
	www.victorianweb.org /history/forpol/vienna.html (1046 words)

	AllRefer.com - Luxembourg, grand duchy, W Europe : History : Through the Nineteenth Century (Benelux Political ...
		AllRefer.com - Luxembourg, grand duchy, W Europe : History : Through the Nineteenth Century (Benelux Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Luxembourg, grand duchy, W Europe, Benelux Political Geography
		The county of Luxembourg (originally LUtzelburg), extending between the Meuse and Moselle rivers and including the Luxembourg province of Belgium, was one of the largest fiefs in the Holy Roman Empire.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Luxembou-history.html (568 words)

	William Iii - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK
		William III, 1817-90, king of the Netherlands and grand duke of Luxembourg (1849-90), son and successor of William II.
		William III ruled as a constitutional monarch, and his long reign was unmarred by friction with the States-General.
		He granted a parliamentary constitution to his Luxembourg subjects and maintained Luxembourg's neutrality in the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71).
	www.thehistorychannel.co.uk /site/search/search.php?word=Will3Neth (266 words)

	TWINSTUFF.COM--Youth in the White House
		The first twins were born March 5, 1801 to Duke Heinrich of Württemberg and Caroline Alexi, Countess von Urach; the most recent were Prince Léopold and Princess Charlotte of Nassau who were born on May 2, 2000 to Prince Guillaume of Luxembourg and Sibilla Weiller, both of whom are direct descendants of George.
		Two reigning Sovereigns were fathers of twins, King William IV (in 1822, a pair of stillborn twins), and Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (in 1957).
		A pair of princesses and one countess who were descendants of King George I gave birth to two sets of twins, and Princess Madeleine zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg gave birth to THREE sets of twins, girls in 1958, girls in 1968 and boys in 1971.
	bushtwins.twinstuff.com /whitehouse.htm (620 words)

	Worldroots.com
		(son of Grand Duke Jean I of Luxembourg - -spouse of Sibilla Weiller-)
		Prince Henri of Luxembourg, Nassau and Bourbon *1955
		Wedding of Princess Maria-Adelaide of Luxembourg *1924 with with her father Prince Felix
	worldroots.com /brigitte/royal/royal16f.htm (200 words)

	boys clothing: European royalty -- Luxemburg Grand Duchess Charlotte (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Luxemburg Royalty: Grand Duke William (Guillaume) IV (1905-12)
		Figure 1.--This is Prince Guillaume, the future Grand Duke Guillaume IV.
		William (Guillaume) von Nassau, Grand Duke of Luxemburg, was born in 1852.
	histclo.com /royal/lux/rlux-g4.htm (162 words)

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