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	W. K. Dickson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		William Kennedy Laurie Dickson (August 3, 1860 - September 28, 1935) was a Scottish inventor who is credited with the invention of the motion picture camera under the employ of Thomas Edison.
		It is generally believed that Dickson produced the world's first film, "Dickson Greeting", in 1891.
		Shortly afterwards, after a great deal of debate with Edison and Menlo Park colleague Jonathan Campbell, Dickson switched from the 19 millimetre width, single sprocket film he was using, to the more stable 35 mm double-sided sprocket film.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/William_Kennedy_Laurie_Dickson (205 words)

	Kinetoscope - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kinetoscope was a forerunner of the modern movie projector developed by William Kennedy Laurie Dickson during his employment with Thomas Edison.
		Edison, Dickson and the other employees of Edison's laboratory made progress on the design to a point.
		William Heise, working alongside Dickson at Edison's lab, incorporated this advancement.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kinetophone (582 words)

	EarlyCinema.com
		W.K.L (William Kennedy Laurie) Dickson was born in 1860 in Minihic-sur-Ranse, France to an English father and a mother from Scottish descent.
		Three months later, the Dickson’s were on the move again, this time to the United States and four years after settling there William was finally given a job at the Edison Laboratories and quickly proved himself to be a valuable assistant.
		Dickson was now firmly committed to the development of the Mutoscope, November 5th 1895 saw its patent issued and nine days later a application for a patent was made for a handheld mutoscope.
	www.earlycinema.com /pioneers/dickson_bio.html (1242 words)

	BIOGRAPH The oldest movie company in America W. K. L. Dickson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		William Kennedy Laurie Dickson was born in 1860 in Minihic-Sur-Rance, France.
		Dickson immediately founded the American Mutoscope Company, and recreated his own invention, dubbing it the Mutograph, which competed heartily with Edison's equipment for the first years of the industry.
		Dickson also attempted to manufacture a camera and projector system called the Biograph which was superior to the Vitascope, but lacked the proper sales force to compete with Edison.
	www.biographcompany.com /celebrity/dickson.html (956 words)

	Who's Who of Victorian Cinema
		Dickson and his assistants were influenced in their perception of the problem and its solution by the ideas of Edison himself, Muybridge, Anschütz, and particularly E-J. Marey, who Edison visited in Paris in August 1889.
		By 1894 Dickson had reached the height of his reputation with Edison, and in that year he and his sister wrote a biography of Edison in which they discussed and illustrated the early film work at West Orange.
		Dickson was not offered a senior management position with the company when the development work had ended, and instead became a travelling cameraman, an occupation he followed for the next five years.
	www.victorian-cinema.net /dickson.htm (1160 words)

	Dickson Greeting biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Dickson Greeting is credited as the world's first film.
		Directed, produced by and starring William Kennedy Laurie Dickson - it simply displays a 3 second clip of him waving.
		Dickson went on to dominate cinema during the 1890s.
	dickson-greeting.biography.ms (62 words)

	Adventures in CyberSound: Dickson, W. K. L. (William Kennedy Laurie)
		William Kennedy Laurie (W.K.L.) Dickson, French born, son of English parents and developer of the Kinetograph camera and Kinetoscope viewer whilst employed as an engineer at Thomas Edison's Menlo Park laboratories.
		Dickson immediately founded the American Biograph Company and recreated his own invention, dubbing it the Mutograph, which competed heartily with Edison's equipment for the first years of the industry.
		Dickson's Biograph released its first film, EMPIRE STATE EXPRESS (1896) and eventually became a major studio, launching the careers of Edwin S. Porter, D.W. Griffith, Billy Bitzer, Mary Pickford, Lillian Gish, and Mack Sennett.
	www.acmi.net.au /AIC/DICKSON_BIO.html (1068 words)

	W. K. Dickson -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In fact, Edison saw very little value in the contraption, but thought that it might be served to endorse his (Machine in which rotating records cause a stylus to vibrate and the vibrations are amplified acoustically or electronically) phonograph.
		On January 7, 1894 Dickson received a (An official document granting a right or privilege) patent for motion picture (Photographic material consisting of a base of celluloid covered with a photographic emulsion; used to make negatives or transparencies) film.
		It is generally believed that Dickson produced the world's first film, " (Click link for more info and facts about Dickson Greeting) Dickson Greeting", in 1891.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/w/w/w._k._dickson.htm (153 words)

	Encyclopedia: January 7 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Jump to: navigation, search William Jefferson Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe, III on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001.
		William Peter Blatty, (born January 7, 1928), is a writer, probably most famous for the novel The Exorcist (1971) and the subsequent screenplay version.
		William Tansur (or Tansur or Tanzer) (1700 â€“ January 7, 1783) was an English hymn-writer, psalmodist and teacher of music.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/January-7 (9242 words)

	Laurie Dickson Biography / Biography of Laurie Dickson Biography Biography
		Laurie Dickson (1860-1935), a young British inventor, developed some of the first machines for capturing and projecting moving images.
		Dickson founded his own motion picture studio and launched the careers of early cinema actors and directors such as Edwin S. Porter, D.W. Griffith, Mary Pickford, and Lillian Gish.
		William Kennedy Laurie Dickson was born to English parents in Minihic-sur-Ranse, France on March 16, 1860.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-laurie-dickson/index.html (222 words)

	MOMI - EDISON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Dickson built upon the work of Muybridge and Marey, a fact that he readily acknowledged, but he was the first to combine the two final essentials of motion-picture camera and projection technology.
		These were a device to ensure the intermittent but regular motion of the film strip through the camera, and a regularly perforated celluloid film strip to ensure regular transport of the film.
		Dickson's Kinetograph camera of 1893 photographed up to 50 feet of celluloid film, usually at the rate of about 40 frames per second.
	easyweb.easynet.co.uk /~s-herbert/kineto.htm (285 words)

	Dickson Experimental Sound Film 1895
		An Edison film from 1895 of William Kennedy Laurie Dickson (the real inventor of motion pictures at Edison's lab) playing a violin into a big megaphone, with two of Edison's guys dancing.
		It was very moving, when the sound finally fell into synch: the scratchiness of the image and the sound dissolved away and you felt the immediate presence of these young men playing around with a fast-emerging technology.
		As far as we can tell from Dickson's writing and the circumstantial evidence about the Kinetophone machines that were manufactured, there was not what we today would call sync.
	www.filmsound.org /murch/dickson.htm (404 words)

	Illo Tempore Film Awards
		As William K.L. Dickson's right hand from the very begging, Heise managed to define the art of film-making, particularly with his cinematographic vision.
		Considered by many the most important person in movie history, William Kennedy Laurie Dickson is the most awarded individual at the Illo Tempore Film Awards, with a record of four honorary awards, and three annual awards.
		William K.L. Dickson received his only individual award for his novel contribution to film through Men Boxing.
	www.geocities.com /illotempore_awards (480 words)

	Dickson Experimental Sound Film - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Dickson Experimental Sound Film was a film made by William Kennedy Laurie Dickson in 1895.
		In front of him, two men are dancing to the music.
		This film has been selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dickson_Experimental_Sound_Film (114 words)

	Chronomedia: 1889
		June 21 British portrait photographer William Friese-Greene [right] is granted a patent for the first cinematograph camera specifically designed to use perforated celluloid films.
		The image size is 1 inch wide and ¾ inch high—determined by the space between perforations down the edges of the transparent film 1.375 inches wide (half the standard width of photographic film).
		Dickson’s preference to work in ¼ inch increments (despite having 64 perforations per linear foot) overcomes his wish to approximate the golden section ratio.
	www.terramedia.co.uk /Chronomedia/years/1889.htm (606 words)

	Thomas Edison and the kinetoscope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		However, by 1889, he had passed the project to a young Scotsman, William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, who began work on a camera using celluloid film.
		It used rolls of film about 35mm wide, and these film strips carried rows of holes down the sides to allow the film to be pulled through the camera at an even rate.
		Dickson developed a viewer for the films which was called a kinetoscope.
	www.centres.ex.ac.uk /bill.douglas/Schools/movingpics/movingpics9.htm (330 words)

	Timeline Of Sound On Film (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Late 1880s -- Edison commissions William Kennedy Laurie Dickson to build a film camera.
		Dickson develops the Kinetograph which coupled recorded images with phonographic sound.
		William Kennedy Laurie Dickson conducted many experiments with the Kinetograph.
	www.mtsu.edu /~dsmitche/rim458/Timeline/timeline.html (698 words)

	Blanc et Noir: VISUAL LAB: Cinema
		Besides, William Kennedy Laurie Dickson made a major breakthrough when he decided to use George Eastman's celluloid film instead.
		Between 1891 and 1895, Dickson shot many 15-second films using the Edison camera, or Kinetograph, but Edison decided against projecting the films for audiences - in part because the visual results were inadequate and in part because he felt that motion pictures would have little public appeal.
		Although experimentation with synchronizing sound and picture was as old as the cinema itself (Dickson, for example, made a rough synchronization of the two for Edison in 1894), the feasibility of sound film was widely publicized only after Warner Brothers purchased the Vitaphone from Western Electric in 1926.
	www.fortunecity.com /millenium/tulip/5/cinema.html (2336 words)

	bfi \| NFTVA \| Catalogues \| Boer War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		William Kennedy-Laurie Dickson for the British Mutoscope and Biograph Company, Walter Calverley Beevor and Sydney Melsom (there are doubts over his identity) for Robert Paul, John Benett-Stanford, Edgar Hyman and Joe Rosenthal for the Warwick Trading Company, all filmed in the period up to the fall of Pretoria in June 1900.
		Sydney Goldman, Rosenthal's replacement, and C. Rider Noble (reportedly one of three filming for Walter Gibbons) remained to film the later stages of the war, but no film from this period is known to survive.
		Pioneer motion picture inventor and engineer, of Anglo-Scottish parentage but working in USA for Thomas Edison 1883-95 where he was instrumental in developing the Kinetoscope film viewer, before joining the Mutoscope and Biograph company and moving to Britain as technical manager and cameraman of its British arm.
	www.nft.org.uk /nftva/catalogues/catalogue/2 (1942 words)

	History of Edison Motion Pictures
		Edison's assistant, William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, was given the task of inventing the device in June 1889, possibly because of his background as a photographer.
		While Edison seems to have conceived the idea and initiated the experiments, Dickson apparently performed the bulk of the experimentation, leading most modern scholars to assign Dickson with the major credit for turning the concept into a practical reality.
		By 1890, Dickson was joined by a new assistant, William Heise, and the two began to develop a machine that exposed a strip of film in a horizontal-feed mechanism.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/edhtml/edmvhist.html (1111 words)

	The LOC.GOV Wise Guide : A Sneeze of Historic Proportions
		He gave his assistant William Kennedy Laurie Dickson the task of developing a device to record moving images and another device to play them back.
		After commercial motion picture film stock was invented and produced by Eastman Kodak, the kinetograph-kinetoscope project advanced rapidly and became the foundation for the commercial development of movies.
		Dickson made a short film titled "Edison Kinetoscopic Record of a Sneeze" to demonstrate the invention.
	www.loc.gov /wiseguide/may05/sneeze.html (384 words)

	Articles - 35 mm film (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The origin for the 35 mm size is an Eastman Kodak 70 mm roll film for photography, being cut in two.
		William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, working for Edison, then cut four round perforations per frame along both edges.
		The flattened perforations were introduced by Bell and Howell around 1900, which remain to this day for camera original film.
	www.lastring.com /articles/35_mm_film (765 words)

	Brief history of film
		One of the major reasons for the emergence of motion pictures in the 1890s was the late 1880s development of a camera that could capture movement and a sprocket system that could move the film through the camera.
		William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, a young assistant in Thomas Edison's laboratories, designed an early version of a movie-picture camera (an optical lantern projector) - named a Kinetograph - that was first patented by Edison in 1893.
		Early in 1893, the world's first film studio, the "Black Maria," was built on the grounds of Edison's laboratories at West Orange, New Jersey and the first successful "motion picture" was made - a re-creation of a sneeze.
	www.simplytaty.com /history/filmhistory.htm (1381 words)

	Plymouth's Cinemas by Brian Moseley - Introduction and Chapter One (1896-1909)
		In January 1889 he instructed his assistant, William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, to develop the KINETOSCOPE, a film-viewing machine designed for use in amusement arcades.
		Desperate to enlarge their empire the two showmen approached an electrical engineer and scientific instrument maker of 44 Hatton Garden, London, by the name of Robert William Paul with a view to manufacturing copies of the American machines.
		He at first refused but was then astonished to discover that Mr Edison had failed to patent his invention in England so he was free to go ahead after all.
	www.plymouthdata.info /CineHistory1.htm (3891 words)

	The religion of W. K. Laurie Dickson, father of film (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		To turn Edison around, it took the persistent personality of William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, an engineer of Scottish descent with a rare devotion to photography.
		Working deep within the shadow of America's icon of ingenuity, Dickson advanced each of the critical processes that would show the world the wonder of movies, inadvertently perpetuating the myth of Edison as the lone inventor.
		Year later, while still alive, Laurie Dickson would be recognized by his contemporaries as the true father of film, and eventually historians would justly record his accomplishments as the most significant work of any single man in the fledgling years of the motion picture industry.
	www.adherents.com /people/pd/Laurie_Dickson.html (196 words)

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