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	William Longchamp - LoveToKnow 1911
		On Richard's accession William became chancellor of the kingdom and bishop of Ely.
		But this outrage was made a pretext for a general rising against William, whose legatine commission had now expired, and whose power was balanced by the presence of the archbishop of Rouen, Walter Coutances, with a commission from the king.
		William shut himself up in the Tower, but he was forced to surrender his castles and expelled from the kingdom.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /William_Longchamp (468 words)

	Tower of London History
		William the Conqueror crossed the Channel in September of 1066.
		Around 1190, William Longchamp, Bishop of Ely, Justiciar of all England and Constable of the Tower of London, expanded this, his principal fortress.
		Longchamp had a wide, deep ditch dug around the outside of the walls and tried to flood the ditch with the River Thames but failed.
	www.our-trips.com /england/london/ltower/thistory.html (2247 words)

	TimeRef - History Timelines - Medieval People Starting With L
		At the end of 1189, William Longchamp was given the position of Justiciar and the task of administering the affairs of England by Richard I, the Lionheart while he was away on Crusade.
		Longchamp was a Norman, the chancellor and Bishop of Ely.
		William was the illegitimate son of Henry II and became the earl of Salisbury after marrying the heiress to the earldom of Salisbury in 1198.
	www.btinternet.com /~timeref/hprl.htm (2501 words)

	ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
		William was an ambitious man, and he proceeded, once Richard was gone, to force his partner in power to resign.
		William's unpopularity gave John, Richard's brother and possible heir, the opportunity to pose as the champion of English interests against Longchamp, who was French.
		In 1191, Longchamp was forced out of office by an alliance of John, various members of the nobility, and the citizenry of London.
	www.the-orb.net /textbooks/muhlberger/lionheart.html (2534 words)

	Longchamp, William of - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Upon Richard's accession (1189) to the throne, William was made chancellor and bishop of Ely.
		When the king went on crusade in 1190, William was appointed joint justiciar, and within the same year he had ousted the other justiciar and been appointed papal legate, thus becoming the acting head in England of both state and church.
		His strong administration was very unpopular, and in 1191 a series of disputes led to a rebellion by the king's brother John and the barons.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-longcham.html (398 words)

	King Richard I - Robin Hood Loxley Little John Hathersage legend outlaw Barnsdale Nottingham crusades chivalry
		Richard took possession of the English crown and one of the first things he did after his fathers death was to make peace with his opponents who had been loyal to his father and far from showing himself vindictive he actually rewarded their fidelity for he had a chivalrous respect of loyalty.
		William the Lion refused to countenance the nefarious plans of John during Richard’s captivity; not only that but he subscribed 2,000 marks to King Richard’s ransom and another 2,000 marks for the wars in Normandy and on 17 April 1194 he carried a sword of state before the king at his second coronation.
		Such was the rapacity of the chancellor says Matthew Parris that not a knight could keep his baldrick nor a woman her bracelet, not a noble his ring, not a Jew his hoards of gold or merchandise.
	myweb.ecomplanet.com /kirk6479/mycustompage0029.htm (1925 words)

	[No title]
		It was via London that King Harold II (1066) and his army sped south to meet William, and to London which the defeated rabble of the English army returned from the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
		Longchamp soon embarked on an enlargement and strengthening of the Tower of London, the first of a series of building campaigns which by about 1350 had created the basic form of the great fortress that we know today.
		Longchamp’s works doubled the area covered by the fortress by digging a new and deeper ditch to the north and east and building sections of curtain wall, reinforced by a new tower (now known as the Bell Tower) at the south-west corner.
	referat.455.ru /humanities/99964.htm (4443 words)

	Swords.com - articles - william marshall
		William Marshal was such a man, and he became the model of English chivalry.
		William Marshal was born around 1146 or 1147, the fourth son of John FitzGilbert the Marshal, a minor lord and hereditary royal master marshal of England.
		Not long after Marshal's death, his son William commissioned the writing of the "Histoire de Guillaume le Marechal," a lengthy poem, rediscovered only in the 19th century, that appears to be the first ever biography of a non-royal Englishman written in the vernacular.
	swords-swords-swords.com /site/articles/william_marshall.html (1628 words)

	Preservation Arts High School Curriculum
		William Longchamp, Bishop of Ely and Chancellor of Richard the Lionheart (1189-99) oversaw this construction while King Richard was on crusade in the Holy Land.
		Longchamp's building campaign was the first of a series that sought to build the Tower of London into a fortress.
		Longchamp cited the political instability of the kingdom and the need for an impregnable fortress in the City of London as his justification for his building campaign.
	web.njit.edu /~delano/toweroflondon.htm (4477 words)

	CastleXplorer - The Tower of London
		When William of Normandy defeated King Harold II at Hastings in 1066 one of his first priorities was to secure London.
		Longchamp soon embarked on a series of building campaigns to enlarge and strengthen the Tower of London, and by 1350 had created the basic form of the castle as we see it today.
		Longchamp's works doubled the area covered by the castle by digging a new deeper ditch to the north and east and building sections of the curtain wall, reinforced by a new tower (now known as the Bell Tower) at the southwest corner.
	www.castlexplorer.co.uk /england/toweroflondon/toweroflondon_hist.php (2082 words)

	[No title]
		William hesitated to make a direct attack upon the city, but hoped by setting fire to Southwark to strike terror into the inhabitants and bring them to a voluntary surrender.
		To him, it is said, William sent a private message from Berkhampstead, asking only that the Conqueror's right to the crown of England might be acknowledged and nothing more, the real power of the kingdom might remain with Ansgar if he so willed.
		(M63) William died whilst on a visit to his duchy of Normandy, and "he who was before a powerful king, and lord of many a land, had then of all his land, only a portion of seven feet."(91) the same which, to this day, holds his mortal remains in the Abbey at Caen.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/9/8/0/19800/19800-8.txt (10991 words)

	William Longchamp
		When Richard left England (Dec. 1189), he put the tower of London in William's hands and chose him to share with Hugh de Puiset, the great bishop of Durham, the office of chief justiciar.
		At last (June 1191) Geoffrey, Archbishop of York and William's earliest benefactor (the aforementioned son of Henry II), was violently arrested by William's subordinates on landing at Dover.
		But this outrage was made a pretext for a general rising against William, whose legatine commission had now expired, and whose power was balanced by the presence of the archbishop of Rouen, Walter de Coutances, with a commission from the king.
	www.medievalarthistory.co.uk /William_Longchamp.html (441 words)

	TimeRef - History Timelines
		William Marshal, the Earl of Pembroke was entrusted with the task of controlling Ireland.
		William Marshal, who served under Henry II and was favoured by Richard, was sent to England to prepare for Richard's arrival.
		Geoffrey fitz Peter is Justiciar and William, the Earl of Pembroke became Marshal of John's household.
	www.btinternet.com /~timeref/hstt47.htm (2218 words)

	thePeerage.com - Exhibit
		On 4 March a discussion took place between John and the chancellor about the right to the constableship of certain castles, apparently those of Nottingham and Tickhill, which were not included in the grant of the honours received by John, and as to the yearly income which he was to have from the exchequer.
		In the absence of Longchamp on the Welsh borders the disputed castles were surrendered to him by their constables, and John espoused the cause of Gerard de Camville, who broke into revolt against Longchamp [see Camville, Gerard de].
		Longchamp shut himself in the Tower, and John and his friends reaching the city at night were admitted joyfully, the citizens coming out to meet him with torches and shouts of welcome.
	www.thepeerage.com /e30.htm (11163 words)

	Berkshire History: Biographies: William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke (1146-1219)
		William was the second son of John the Marshal, by Sibyl, the daughter of Walter de Salisbury and sister of Patrick, Earl of Wiltshire.
		William succeeded to the title of Earl of Pembroke through his marriage to Isabel, daughter of Richard de Clare, the 2nd Earl.
		William thus obtained the rank of Earl, with vast estates in Wales and Ireland.
	www.berkshirehistory.com /bios/wmarshal.html (541 words)

	Chancellor Longchamps
		Longchamp was obviously not up to date with the news - it was a good year since the King had released Earl John from this oath.
		Longchamp pleaded that he was too ill to attend and his spokesman, the Earl of Arundel, not surprisingly, had great difficulty in finding a reply.
		It was then that the citizens of London, backed by the bishops and barons, deprived Longchamp of his office of Chancellor and proclaimed Earl John 'Governor of the whole realm.' Longchamp made a promise not to leave the country.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /sherwoodtimes/chancell.htm (1913 words)

	Europe's 12th-Century Development by Sanderson Beck
		During the reign (1111-1127) of Duke William I of Apulia the towns in southern Italy had gained much independence; but in 1128 Pope Honorius II invested Count Roger with the duchies of Apulia and Calabria, and the next year Roger crushed the rebels and was recognized by the Prince of Capua.
		William II of Sicily had furthered diplomatic relations in 1177 by marrying Joan, daughter of England's king Henry II, and in 1184 he betrothed Roger's daughter Constance to Friedrich's son Henry.
		William Peverel fled Nottingham to live in a monastery, and Roger of Hereford was persuaded by Bishop Gilbert Foliot to surrender his castles.
	www.san.beck.org /AB20-Europe12thCentury.html (23248 words)

	Callaway Family Association - Callaway / Kellaway English Research
		William de Longchamp was a famous Chancellor of England, variously in and out of favour with the King, Richard I. Stephen de Longchamp (#5 above), Steward of Normandy, married cc 1200 Petronel, daughter of Osbert de Cailly (see above).
		The 1st Sir William C/K was knighted in 1501, and was appointed Sheriff of Wiltshire in 1502.
		William Sharshaw, labourer, Elizabeth his daughter and George his son for molestation and ill-treatment in the street.
	www.callawayfamily.org /kellchat2004.htm (9306 words)

	Lincolnshire Eyre, A.D. 1202
		And William says that Richard says this unjustly, for the said Roger never had that house nor dwelt therein, nor were those chattels Roger's, but he [William] held that house as his own, and the chattels there seized were his.
		And William of Manby, the bedell, testifies that he saw teh wound while fresh and the blood in the wapentake [court].
		8 William Marshall fled for the death of Sigerid, Denis' mother, whereof Denis appeals him; and he was in the Prior of Sixhills' frank-pledge of Sixhills, which is in mercy, and his chattels were two cows and one bullock.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/seth/pleas-lincolneyre.html (2176 words)

	William of Longchamp — FactMonster.com
		William of Longchamp - William of Longchamp: see Longchamp, William of.
		John, king of England: Under Richard I - Under Richard I John deserted his dying father in 1189 and joined the rebellion of his brother...
		Pembroke, William Marshal, 1st earl of - Pembroke, William Marshal, 1st earl of, d.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0830226.html (277 words)

	Richard I of England (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Richard appointed as regents Hugh, Bishop of Durham, and William de Mandeville, who soon died and was replaced by Richard's chancellor William Longchamp.
		But immediately after William's death, William's cousin, Tancred, rebelled, seized control of the island and was crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred I of Sicily.
		Tancred had imprisoned William's widow, Queen Joan, who was Richard's sister, and did not give her the money she had inherited according to William's will.
	richard-i-of-england.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (2873 words)

	The history of the Tower of London
		The development of the Tower The Tower of London was begun in the reign of William the Conqueror (1066-1087) and remained unchanged for over a century.
		The Normans WestmCastle building was an essential part of the Norman Conquest: when Duke William of Normandy invaded England in 1066 his first action after landing at Pevensey on 28 September had been to improvise a castle, and when he moved to Hastings two days later he built another.
		The Medieval Tower: A refuge and a base for royal power When Richard the Lionheart (1189-99) came to the throne he departed on a crusade to the Holy Land leaving his Chancellor, William Longchamp, Bishop of Ely, in charge of the kingdom.
	www.2devochki.ru /29/5028/1.html (4500 words)

	Robert Bruce, King (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		As a ruler, William X administered his lands and controlled his vassals from the back of his horse, constantly traveling and during many of those travels Eleanor accompanied him.
		William became Marshall of England and the greatest knight of his age.
		John gathered all the magnates for a council and William Longchamp was removed from office.
	ehistory.osu.edu /world/PeopleView.cfm?PID=395 (3931 words)

	Richard I - Questions, Answers, Fun Facts, Information
		Longchamp operated under the supervision of Richard's mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine.
		Richard was the fourth child of Henry and Eleanor and the sixth child of Eleanor who had had two daughters by her first husband, Louis VII of France.
		His older siblings were William who died in infancy, Henry (the young king) who died at age 28 and Matilda who married Henry 'the Lion', Duke of Saxony.
	www.funtrivia.com /en/People/Richard-I-12238.html (3026 words)

	The Age of Chivalry - Richard I 'Lion-heart', King of England 1189-1199 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		At the rearguard was the King of England’s faithful warrior, William the Marshal, one of the greatest knights of the age, and he had Richard at his mercy.
		William was given the hand of one of the richest heiress in the kingdom and Chepstow Castle to become one of the wealthiest nobles in England.
		With responsibility for governing the realm left in the hands of two Justicars, William Longchamp, Bishop of Ely, and Hugh de Puiset, Bishop of Durham, ably supervised by his mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine, Richard started for the holy wars in the winter of 1189.
	www.taoc.co.uk /content/view/50/48 (3684 words)

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