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Topic: William Rufus

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	History of the Monarchy > The Normans > William I
		William's claim to the English throne was based on his assertion that, in 1051, Edward the Confessor had promised him the throne (he was a distant cousin) and that Harold II - having sworn in 1064 to uphold William's right to succeed to that throne - was therefore a usurper.
		William's wholesale confiscation of land from English nobles and their heirs (many nobles had died at the battles of Stamford Bridge and Senlac) enabled him to recruit and retain an army, by demanding military duties in exchange for land tenancy granted to Norman, French and Flemish allies.
		William bequeathed Normandy as he had promised to his eldest son Robert, despite their bitter differences (Robert had sided with his father's enemies in Normandy, and even wounded and defeated his father in a battle there in 1079).
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page18.asp (1785 words)

	William Rufus
		The death of Richard, the second son of William and Matilda changed this position though and it was increasingly clear in the latter days of the conquerors reign that William would play a great role in the Norman empire.
		William Rufus in the period 1089 to 1099 proved himself to be quite ruthless, and an extremely capable politician using a combination of force, bribery and persuasion to increase the size and wealth of his domain.
		William did this to the extent that 12 abbeys and 3 bishoprics were directly controlled by the crown at one stage of his reign.
	www.schoolshistory.org.uk /monarchs/williamII (1175 words)

	Britannia: Monarchs of Britain
		William II earned the nickname Rufus either because of his red hair or his propensity for anger.
		The manner in which William the Conqueror divided his possessions caused turmoil among his sons: his eldest son Robert received the duchy of Normandy, William Rufus acquired England, and his youngest son Henry inherited 5000 pounds of silver.
		On August 2, 1100, William Rufus was struck in the eye by an arrow and killed while hunting.
	www.britannia.com /history/monarchs/mon23.html (441 words)

	TimeRef - History Timelines - WILLIAM (II, Rufus, King of England 1087-1100)
		William Rufus was the third son of William the Conqueror and Matilda.
		William Rufus was loyal to his father, much more than his elder brother Robert, and when William the Conqueror died it was William Rufus who was at his father's side while Robert attended the court of the Conqueror's enemy Philippe the King of France.
		On September 26 1087, William Rufus was crowned at Westminster as William II by Lanfranc, the Archbishop of Canterbury.
	www.btinternet.com /~timeref/hpr221.htm (360 words)

	King William Rufus of England and the New Forest Treachery
		The exact date of William Rufus’ birth is unknown, but records indicate that he was born before the Norman Conquest, and was already a young lad by the time his father set sail to claim the English throne.
		William was shot by an arrow, presumably belonging to Walter Tirel, while hunting in New Forest and died alone in the forest on August 2, 1100.
		Henry’s eagerness to claim the throne, and the fact that William’s body was simply left in the woods by the nobles, and later transported to Winchester by a group of peasants, speaks volumes for the likely cause of death, as well.
	pa.essortment.com /williamrufuswil_rhcz.htm (1016 words)

	William Rufus Shafter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		William Rufus Shafter (October 16, 1835 – November 12, 1906) was a Major General in the United States Army.
		As of 12 July 2003 William F. Cody's Bacon number has dropped to three, apparently due to new information rather than new movies.
		This has dropped Rufus Shafter's Bacon number to 8, and he is no longer unique.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/William_Rufus_Shafter (444 words)

	Robert_Curthose
		He was the eldest son of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders, an unsuccessful claimant to the throne of England, and a participant in the First Crusade.
		Their son, William Clito, was born October 25, 1102 and became heir to the Duchy of Normandy.
		William of Malmesbury claims she died as a result of binding her breasts too tightly; both Robert of Torigny and Orderic Vitalis suggest she was murdered by a cabal of noblewomen led by her husband's mistress, Agnes Giffard.
	www.freecaviar.com /search.php?title=Robert_Curthose (1134 words)

	The Mysterious Death of Red William
		William Rufus was not a bad king –; at least, not by the standard of the times.
		By the time Rufus was found (by a group of local peasants) lying dead in the woods with an arrow piercing his lungs, Walter Tirel was on his way to France.
		Rufus fell heavily onto the shaft of the arrow, driving it deep into him and sealing his fate.
	www.brighton73.freeserve.co.uk /tomsplace/interests/medieval/rufus.htm (778 words)

	Timelines - William II
		William II was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey.
		William II had not appointed an Archbishop of Canterbury because he was wary of giving churchmen too much power and he had not found a man loyal enough to fill the post.
		William was hated by the churchmen of the day - they disliked his preference for long hair, seeing it as a sign of an effeminate and low morals.
	www.historyonthenet.com /Chronology/timelinewilliamrufus.htm (849 words)

	William II, king of England. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		From 1097 to 1099 William was engaged primarily in campaigns in France, securing and holding northern Maine but failing in his attempt to seize the French Vexin.
		William ruled England with a strong hand and aroused the hatred particularly of the church, for which he had utter contempt.
		William was killed by an arrow while on a hunting party, and there is some evidence to suggest that his death was not an accident.
	www.bartleby.com /65/wi/Will2Eng.html (469 words)

	Interpretations of William Rufus' reign
		William Rufus extracted monies from his people when there was no great need to tax them.
		William was a bitter man, his hatred of his brother led to him causing endless political prolems within England, the barons were disunited and this can only lead to unrest across the country.
		William Rufus inherited England as a result of the love, care and consideration he showed to his father.
	www.schoolshistory.org.uk /monarchs/williamII/interpretations.htm (417 words)

	The Age of Chivalry - William II 'Rufus', King of England 1087-1100 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It was William the Conqueror’s second eldest son, William Rufus, who inherited the throne of England and the eldest, Robert Curthose, who inherited the Duchy of Normandy.
		Rufus could not keep these promises and in 1095 a rebellion against him led by the Earl of Northumberland was brutally crushed.
		William knew the problems inherent with a cross-channel kingdom and in 1089 he began a seven-year campaign to reclaim Normandy.
	www.taoc.co.uk /content/view/28/43 (689 words)

	History of the Monarchy > The Normans > William II
		Ruthless in his relations with his brother Robert, William extended his grip on the duchy of Normandy under an agreement between the brothers in 1091.
		William's relations with the Church were not easy; he took over Archbishop Lanfranc's revenues after the latter's death in 1089, kept other bishoprics vacant to make use of their revenues, and had numerous arguments with Lanfranc's popular successor, Anselm.
		William died on 2 August 1100, after being shot by an arrow whilst hunting in the New Forest.
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page53.asp (120 words)

	Rufus Barton
		Col William Barton (later promoted to General) in July 1777 raised the hopes of Rhode Islanders by capturing British General Prescott, Warren being especially gratified at this brilliant achievement of one of her sons.
		Rufus Barton's widow was placed on the pension roll, 1836, for his service as orderly sergeant and ensign, and, 1777-78, as lieutenant in Capt. Benjamin Church's company, Colonel Tallman's regiment; also, 1778-79, as Deputy Commissary of Issues.
		This could be especially meaningful because in 1819 Rufus Barton of Lansingburgh in the county of Rensselaer was involved in two land transactions in Camillus in the county of Onondaga.
	www.bartonsite.org /RufusBarton.htm (1877 words)

	William II 'Rufus' England (1060 - 01 Aug 1100)
		William II 'Rufus' King Of England became king in 1087.
		William's reign was marked by a bitter quarrel with the Roman Catholic Church.
		William kept the see of Canterbury vacant after the archbishop die in 1089, in order to collect its revenues for himself.
	www.smokykin.com /ged/f001/f86/a0018626.htm (213 words)

	Greg Bard's Genealogical Records
		Rufus William II was short and stout, had fair hair, a fiery red complexion (hence his nickname, Rufus) and suffered from a stutter.
		But William's cynicism did not last for long, for in 1093 William thought he was dying and in a fit a religious idealism appointed a saint, Anselm, to the position of Archbishop of Canterbury.
		William II was a homosexual and died in a mysterious hunting accident.
	www.shocking.com /~gregbard/genealogy/not00863.php (825 words)

	William II
		William Rufus took the side of his father and helped him put down the rebellion.
		William Rufus returned to England in August 1091 and soon afterwards marched against King Malcolm III, whose Scots army had invaded the country in his absence.
		William was forced to end this campaign when he heard the Welsh had captured Montgomery.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /MEDwilliamII.htm (1100 words)

	King of England William II Rufus
		William was the third son born to William I and Matilda.
		William II had his father's stout build, light eyes and a ruddy complexion (hence the nickname--William Rufus) and most embarrassing for a monarch, a stutter.
		With the ascension of William this new nobility found themselves in the difficult position of serving two masters: William in England, and William's brother, Robert Duke of Normandy.
	worldroots.com /cgi-bin/gasteldb?@I04670@ (694 words)

	Attala County Ms American Local History Network - Attala County Early Settlers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		William Rufus Rainey was born 17 June 1828, Green County, Alabama, died November 11, 1905, Sturgis, Mississippi.
		William R. Rainey was licensed to preach on August 22, 1852 and was admitted on trial to the Methodist Mississippi Conference at Brandon, Mississippi in December, 1857.
		William Rufus Rainey was the first minister of the Methodist Church in Whitefield, Oktibbeha, Mississippi.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/ms/county/attala/williamrufusrainey.htm (641 words)

	The Partners
		Rufus, having felt some alarm at the prospect of facing the world alone-slavery had not been a good school for training in self-reliance-found this proposition a very agreeable one, and promptly expressed his willingness to accept it.
		William would have been willing at any moment to resume their former relations, upon proper advances from Rufus, of whose misfortunes he was indeed not fully informed, for intercourse between the two families had entirely ceased and even the children were forbidden to play together.
		Rufus had rented an abandoned log cabin in the woods not far away, where he could hide his diminished head in shame; and he hoped to procure day's work on the neighboring farms, whereby to keep body and soul together.
	www.berea.edu /faculty/browners/chesnutt/works/Stories/partners.html (3526 words)

	BBC - Radio 4 - This Sceptred Isle - William Rufus and the First Crusade
		William II, known as William Rufus, came to England to claim his inheritance in 1087.
		He understood William Rufus and in many ways controlled him but when he died in 1089 William Rufus became more treacherous than ever, he made many enemies and in 1100 whilst out hunting in the New Forest he was mysteriously shot by an arrow.
		William Rufus, the Red, was short, fat, red faced and red haired.
	www.bbc.co.uk /radio4/history/sceptred_isle/page/11.shtml?question=11 (415 words)

	I17401: William II Rufus (King of England) (Abt 1056 - 2 AUG 1100)
		William then fought to recapture lands his brother had lost as duke of Normandy and returned the county of Maine to the rule of the duchy.
		William was killed on August 2, 1100, while on a hunting trip in the New Forest in Hampshire.
		William was buried at Winchester; he never married and had no children.
	www.pa.uky.edu /~shapere/dkbingham/d0010/g0000039.html (439 words)

	August 2
		King of England William II (known as Rufus - no kidding) was William the Conqueror and his wife Mathilda of Flanders' middle son, born in 1057.
		Rufus really didn't mean to but he wound up eroding his brother's power base.
		Rufus was stone dead at the age of 40.
	webpages.charter.net /astroweaver/history/aug2.html (1059 words)

	BBC - Beyond the Broadcast - Making History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		William's two brothers had most to gain by his death, especially Henry who had been left no lands when their father William the Conqueror died.
		Rufus was probably buried under the tower, and was at some stage exhumed.
		The Rufus Tomb is in the chancel of Winchester Cathedral; the mortuary chests are nearby.
	www.bbc.co.uk /education/beyond/factsheets/makhist_prog2a.shtml (652 words)

	William and Rufus King Stone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		William’s plaque was the first to be placed.
		Rufus’ plaque was set by an Eagle Scout in conjunction with the Elizabeth Wadsworth Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution of Portland, Maine.
		Rufus King’s plaque is inscribed with BIRTHPLACE OF RUFUS KING, FRAMER OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES; PATRIOT, STATESMAN, ORATOR; BORN MARCH 24, 1755, DIED APRIL 29, 1827.
	www.scarborough.k12.me.us /high/projects/amhistory/19.htm (176 words)

	TimeRef - History Timelines
		William II (Rufus) was crowned at Westminster by Archbishop Lanfranc after the death of his father William the Conqueror.
		William Rufus lays siege to Pevensey Castle in the dispute over the English throne with his brother Robert.
		William was gaining support from some Norman barons and Robert took the opportunity to leave Normandy to answer Pope Urban II's call for a Crusade.
	www.btinternet.com /~timeref/hstt43.htm (1583 words)

	King, William Rufus de Vane -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		son of William I the Conqueror and king of England from 1087 to 1100; he was also de facto duke of Normandy (as William III) from 1096 to 1100.
		Rufus (“the Red”—so named for his ruddy complexion) was William's third...
		Peter of Blois: William Rufus and Henry I (1077-1117?)
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9045508?&query=william (792 words)

	Day, William Rufus -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		Under William I's two sons William II Rufus and Henry I, strong, centralized government continued, and England's link with Normandy was strengthened.
		Rebellion by Norman barons, led by the king's half uncles, Odo of Bayeux and Robert of Mortain, was soon put down by William II, who made promises of good government and relief from taxation and the severity of the forest...
		William succeeded his father when he was only seven years old.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9321112?tocId=9321112 (728 words)

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