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	William Smith (geologist)
		William Smith (March 23, 1769 - August 28, 1839) is credited with creating the first nationwide geologic map and is known as the "Father of English Geology".
		Smith was born in the village of Churchill in Oxfordshire.
		On August 31, 1819 Smith was released from King's Bench Prison[?] in London, a debtor's prison.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/wi/William_Smith_(geologist).html (331 words)

	William Smith (geologist) Summary
		Nevertheless, William Smith is usually remembered as the father of English geology and as a pioneer of stratigraphy.
		William Smith (1769-1839) was an English surveyor and engineer who acquired an extensive firsthand knowledge of the geology of England while engaged on numerous contracts from the 1790s onwards.
		Smith was the eldest son of a village flsmith, in Churchill, Oxfordshire.
	www.bookrags.com /William_Smith_(geologist) (3678 words)

	SMITH, WILLIAM (GEOLOGIST) - LoveToKnow Article on SMITH, WILLIAM (GEOLOGIST) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861), English physician and sanitary reformer, was born at Martock, Somersetshire, on the 2ist of December 1788.
		SMITH, WILLIAM (1760-1839), English geologist, appropriately termed " the Father of English geology," and known among his acquaintances as " Strata Smith," was born at Churchill in Oxfordshire on the 23rd of March 1769.
		Meanwhile Smith was completing and arranging the data for his large Geological Map of England and Wales, with part of Scotland, which appeared in 1815, in fifteen sheets, engraved on a scale of 5 m.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SM/SMITH_WILLIAM_GEOLOGIST_.htm (1293 words)

	William Smith (geologist) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		William Smith (March 23, 1769–August 28, 1839) was an English geologist.
		Smith is credited with creating the first nationwide geologic map and is known as the "Father of English Geology".
		This gave Smith a testable hypothesis, which he termed the principle of faunal succession, and he began his search to determine if the relationships between the strata and their characteristics were consistent throughout the country.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/William_Smith_(geologist) (683 words)

	William Smith (geologist): Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about William Smith (geologist) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		William Smith (March 23, 1769 - August 28, 1839) is credited with creating the first nationwide geologic map and is known as the "Father of English Geology".
		Smith was born in the village of Churchill in Oxfordshire.
		This gave Smith a testable hypothesis and he began his search to determine if the relationships between the strata and their characteristics were consistent throughout the country.
	www.encyclopedian.com /wi/William-Smith-(geologist).html (364 words)

	William Smith (geologist) -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		William Smith (March 23, 1769 - August 28, 1839) was an (An Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the Commonwealth countries) English (A specialist in geology) geologist.
		Smith is credited with creating the first nationwide geologic map and is known as the "Father of English (A science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks) Geology".
		On August 31 1819 Smith was released from King's Bench Prison in (The capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center) London, a debtor's (A correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment) prison.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/W/Wi/William_Smith_(geologist).htm (673 words)

	WILLIAM FARRAR SMITH - LoveToKnow Article on WILLIAM FARRAR SMITH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In July 1862 he received promotion to the rank of major-general U.S.V. Smith led his division with conspicuous valour at Antietam, and was again breveted in the regular army.
		On the assignment of General Franklin to a superior command Smith was placed at the head of the VI.
		Smith was one of these, but it is to his credit that he did not leave the army, and as a brigadier-general he commanded troops in Pennsylvania during the critical days of the Gettysburg campaign.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SM/SMITH_WILLIAM_FARRAR.htm (437 words)

	William Smith - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		William Smith (1728-1814), Representative for Maryland from 1789 to 1890
		William Smith (also known as William B. Smith) younger brother of the founder of Mormonism, Joseph Smith, Jr.
		William Smith, (born around 1775), British mariner and discoverer of the South Shetland Islands
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/William_Smith (434 words)

	Rocky Road: William Smith
		Smith was, at various times, a yeoman, a land surveyor, a mineral surveyor and civil engineer.
		Smith wanted to be a member of the GSL, but membership was by invitation only, and Greenough wasn't about to invite a man of such pedestrian origins.
		Smith mixed too little with younger geologists to make the discovery, that on the road which he opened were racers swifter than himself," observed Phillips after his uncle died.
	www.strangescience.net /smith.htm (1027 words)

	William Smith
		William Smith was born on March 23, 1769, into a family of small farmers.
		Smith was not the first to make geologic maps, but he was the first to use fossils as a tool for mapping rocks by their stratigraphic order, and not necessarily by their composition.
		Smith then took a series of engineering jobs in several parts of Britain, and made a number of side trips all over England and Wales.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /history/smith.html (663 words)

	Creation scientists and other biographies of interest
		William Herschel (1738–1822) Galactic astronomy; Uranus (probably believed in an old-earth)
		William Thompson, Lord Kelvin (1824–1907) Energetics; Absolute temperatures; Atlantic cable (believed in an older earth than the Bible indicates, but far younger than the evolutionists wanted*)
		William J. Murray, son of Madalyn Murray O’Hair
	www.answersingenesis.org /home/area/bios (1101 words)

	Geology
		Advances in stratigraphy were made by the English geologist William Smith, who traced out the strata of England and represented them on a geological map that remains substantially unchanged today.
		Thus, the English geologist William Buckland and his followers postulated frequent changes of sea level and upheaval of landmasses to explain geological successions and breaks, or unconformities, in stratigraphic sequences.
		Oil and coal geologists must employ structural geology in their daily work, especially in petroleum exploration, where the detection of structural traps that can hold petroleum is an important source of information to the geologists.
	members.tripod.com /Geologi/geology_ms.htm (4968 words)

	[No title]
		William Smith’s name is hardly obscure; anyone who has been through a historical geology course has been introduced to Smith’s “Law of Faunal Succession” and his geologic map.
		Smith is sometimes portrayed as just a canal builder, and canal-building was certainly an important experience in the development of Smith’s ideas, but Winchester shows that Smith had a wide range of experience in applied geoscience.
		As the story resumes, we see Smith’s looming financial troubles (largely of his own making), and his ill-advised marriage to a young woman prone to severe insanity—Smith allegedly destroyed most of the references to her in his own papers, but Winchester darkly whispers that she was a nymphomaniac.
	palaeo-electronica.org /2002_1/books/map.htm (1852 words)

	Geology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Geologists help locate and manage the earth's natural resources, such as oil and coal, as well as metals such as iron, copper, and uranium.
		William Smith (geologist)William Smith (1769-1839) drew some of the first geological maps and began the process of ordering Rock stratarock strata (layers) by examining the fossil/s contained in them.
		Based on principles laid out by William Smith (geologist)William Smith almost a hundred years before the publication of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, the principles of succession were developed independent of evolutionary thought.
	www.infothis.com /find/Geology (1701 words)

	BookPage Interview August 2001: Simon Winchester
		Born in 1769 and largely self-educated, Smith worked as a surveyor, a profession that took him into coal mines and canal excavations where he noticed patterns in the exposed layers of rocks and the fossils trapped within them.
		Smith seemed on the verge of scientific celebrity and the wealth that went with it.
		Heightening his interest in Smith, no doubt, was the fact that Winchester had studied geology in college "24 hours a day for three years" with the intention of earning his living at it.
	www.bookpage.com /0108bp/simon_winchester.html (1019 words)

	Read about William Smith (geologist) at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research William Smith (geologist) and learn about ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Smith is credited with creating the first nationwide geologic map and is known as the "Father of English
		John Rennie) for the canal company until 1799 when he was fired, and after, he was continually taking samples and mapping the locations of the various strata.
		On August 31, 1819 Smith was released from
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/William_Smith_%28geologist%29 (434 words)

	Encyclopedia: William Smith (geologist) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		A geologist is a contributor to the science of geology.
		The Somerset Coal Canal (otherwise the Somersetshire Coal Canal) was a narrow canal from Paulton to Limpley Stoke where it joined the Kennet and Avon Canal so giving ready access from the coal fields of Somerset, which at their peak contained 80 collieries, to London.
		Interstate road cut through limestone and shale strata in eastern Tennessee In geology and related fields, a stratum (plural: strata) is a layer of rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics that distinguishes it from contiguous layers.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/William-Smith-(geologist) (1690 words)

	Ethical Atheist - The Map that Changed the World
		William Smith was born in England in 1769.
		In the case of William Smith, we think the claimed forces of religious opposition are overblown.
		He should be viewed, as should other geologists of his time, as a heroes for their ground-breaking work in the field of geology...
	www.ethicalatheist.com /docs/william_smith.html (917 words)

	Hobart and William Smith Colleges :: News Releases
		As Africa crept north, however, the Earth cooled, the waters receded and traces of Bahariya's prehistoric plenty were buried first in sedimentary rock, then by the sands of the encroaching desert.
		And by the time Stromer and, later, Smith arrived, wind had eroded the sandstone, exposing the old bones or even casting them loose atop the desert hardpan.
		Smith said a Carcharodontosaurus probably scavenged the Paralititan carcass, but he did not rule out the possibility that carnivores may have killed the sauropod: "Is an animal that size big enough to take down a Paralititan?" Smith said.
	www.hws.edu /alumni/alumnews/showwebclip.asp?webclipid=131 (906 words)

	Quote Mine Project: Geologic Column Quotes
		William Smith (1769-1839), a civil engineer involved in the construction of canals in England, showed the utility of geology to a particularly important economic activity of his day by preparing the first detailed geological map in 1815.
		Ager's article is a bit of a screed written by a geologist who is rather mad at the physicists and their machines getting the glory in the popular press as if physicists invented the ability to tell time in the geologic past.
		From it follows the great generalization first stated by William Smith, that the ages of strata can be determined by means of their included fossils.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/quotes/mine/part5.html (5317 words)

	Map Notes -- SMITH4.txt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		William Smith recognised that the sequence of strata was the same from pit to pit in the area.
		Smith's Discoveries of the Regularities of the Strata, with their accompanying organic remains, will be illustrated with Engravings of his large collection of Fossils, which are placed in the same order as they lay in the Earth.
		Smith has dedicated his life to geological enquiries, and has done perhaps more than any other individual for the science, and is at an advanced age in poverty and dependence.
	www.geog.port.ac.uk /webmap/hantscat/html/smith4.htm (4896 words)

	Smith, William (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Smith was born in Churchill, Oxfordshire, and became a drainage expert, a canal surveyor, and a mining prospector.
		Smith was not the first geologist to recognize the principles of stratigraphy nor the usefulness of type fossils.
		He began in 1799 but it was not until 1815 that he published A Delineation of the Strata of England and Wales, a geological map using a scale of five miles to the inch.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/S/SmithW/1.html (174 words)

	Biostratigraphy: William Smith
		Smith was able to correlate rock layers all over England based on characteristic fossils within the layers.
		Smith, who had little formal education, traveled throughout England as a surveyor and spent six years supervising the digging of the Somerset Canal in southwestern England.
		Geologists used his methods to discover even older geological formations whose outcrops were scattered across England.
	evolution.berkeley.edu /evolibrary/article/0_0_0/history_11 (551 words)

	Geologic Time: Relative Time Scale
		Between the years of 1785 and 1800, James Hutton and William Smith advanced the concept of geologic time and strengthened the belief in an ancient world.
		Using these key or index fossils as markers, Smith could identify a particular layer of rock wherever it was exposed.
		Geologists have done the same thing to geologic time by dividing the Earth's history into Eras -- broad spans based on the general character of life that existed during these times -- and Periods -- shorter spans based partly on evidence of major disturbances of the Earth's crust.
	pubs.usgs.gov /gip/geotime/relative.html (933 words)

	Ganapit earth science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		William Smith was the first to identify Earth's strat by the fossils in the soil..He made the first geologic map of England and Wales.
		Marquerite Williams was the first African American, male or female, to earn a doctorate in geology in the United States.
		Dr. Marguerite Thomas Williams was born December 24, 1895 in Washington, D.C. A costume for a geologist is nothing much more than a long sleeve shirt, jeans, boots and a camping or straw hat.
	www.ganapitkids.com /earthscience.html (267 words)

	Evolution -- Dating Methods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		William "Strata" Smith, a civil engineer and surveyor, was well acquainted with areas in southern England where "limestone and shales are layered like slices of bread and butter." His hobby of collecting and cataloging fossil shells from these rocks led to the discovery that certain layers contained fossils unlike those in other layers.
		A team of University of Massachusetts geologists is exploring a new way to determine the ages of ancient rocks, and refining our understanding of the timing and rates of the geologic events that have shaped the planet.
		Even though OCR has the potential to provide archaeologists and geologists with a method of finding accurate and precise age estimates from organic carbon within soil, it is still new and in the experimental stage.
	www.origins.tv /darwin/datingmethods.htm (2692 words)

	Some Science Guys Dr McConeghy
		William Smith was born on March 23, 1769.
		Smith's responsibilities as surveyor allowed him to spend many days in what was both his profession and his hobby, the detailed study and collection of rocks.
		Smith was the first surveyor to use fossils as a tool for mapping rocks by their stratigraphic order.
	mmcconeghy.com /students/supsomescienceguys.html (3991 words)

	HoG Biographies 001
		The geology of southern England was painstakingly unravelled by an educated and self-taught surveyor, William Smith (1769-1839).
		A farmer's son, he walked the width of Britain in search of geological data, and produced his results in the form of brilliantly constructed maps in which different strata were carefully coloured.
		The Map That Changed The World: William Smith and the Birth of Modern Geology" by Simon Winchester,: 2001.
	gsahist.org /biographies/001WmSmith.htm (515 words)

	Geologic Time Scale
		Scottish geologist James Hutton (1726-1797) set the stage for the development of the geologic time scale in the late 18th century with the publication of his Theory of the Earth (1785).
		Geologists assume that each layer represents a long period of time, typically millions of years.
		The geologist has never bothered to think of a good reply, feeling that explanations are not worth the trouble as long as the work brings results.
	www.allaboutcreation.org /geologic-time-scale.htm (714 words)

	Will Smith (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Smith was a charismatic and energetic performer, and in 1990 the NBC television network signed him up and built a sitcom, ''The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air'', around him.
		Smith also released a string of hit singles, often associated with his most recent movie, throughout the late 1990s.
		Smith is married to actress Jada Pinkett Smith.
	www.infothis.com /find/Will_Smith (964 words)

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