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	William Swainson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		William Swainson (October 8, 1789 - December 6, 1855), was an English ornithologist and artist.
		Swainson was born in St. Mary Newington, London.
		Swainson travelled in Brazil from 1816 to 1818, returning to England with a collection of over 20,000 insects, 1,200 species of plants, drawings of 120 species of fish, and about 760 bird skins.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/William_Swainson (319 words)

	Swainson's Hawk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Swainson's hawk is a common bird of the western plains of North America.
		Swainson's require trees for nesting and is found around aspen groves, riparian areas and farmlands.
		The Swainson's hawk has suffered population declines since the first half of the century and was Blue-Listed in the United States from 1972 to 1982.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Swainson's_Hawk (2988 words)

	Swainson's Hawk
		Swainson’s Hawks mainly hunt mice, ground squirrels, rabbits, birds, and reptiles during the breeding season, and largely live off insects like grasshoppers, locust, and beetles during the non-breeding season.
		Swainson’s Hawks usually hunt by swooping down from a perch or while walking along the ground, and may hunt in teams.
		Most Swainson’s Hawks migrate in large flocks to their wintering grounds in South America, and are gregarious and will congregate in huge numbers at a good food supply.
	www.peregrinefund.org /Explore_Raptors/hawks/swainson.html (278 words)

	Swainson's What?
		William Swainson was born in 1789 in Liverpool and after departing in 1807 for a career in the army in Malta and Sicily he retired in 1815 at half pay to pursue his real interest -- natural history.
		Swainson was a talented illustrator and draughtsman and a passionate believer that the art of zoological illustration ought to be as high and noble one as any other.
		Swainson, disillusioned with the lack of acceptance of his ideas, frustrated at yet another failure to get a post in the British Museum and by the death of his wife, emigrated to New Zealand and was little heard of again.
	www.chebucto.ns.ca /Environment/NHR/swainson.html (1221 words)

	The Correct Citation and Spelling of Ptiliogonys and Type Locality of Ptiliogonys cinereus
		Swainson (in Swainson and Richardson 1832) had access to spec- imens from John Taylor's Mexican collection, which consisted of at least 21 birds that "were examined and said to be described by Mr.
		SWAINSON'S 1824 APPENDIX William Bullock St. exhibited in London a collec- tion of specimens and artifacts from Mexico in 1824 (Whitehead 1970, 1971) or 1825 (Honour 1954) and published a catalogue (Bullock 1824a) of the exhibit.
		Swainson's first and only mention of Bullock's (1824a) catalogue was made in 1831 when Parts 11- 18 (plates 45-85) of his Zoological illustrations were issued (Zimmer 1926).
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Auk/v106n04/p0743-p0746.html (4017 words)

	William Swainson (1789-1855)
		William Swainson, more usually a zoologist than a botanist, was appointed by Lieutenant-Governor Latrobe in 1852 to report on the timber of the colony of Victoria, particularly the genera Eucalyptus and Casuarina.
		That report was tabled in November 1853 and within it Swainson claims to have discovered within Eucalyptidae 'five distinct and well-marked genera, hitherto unknown as such, and apparently peculiar to Victoria; together with two other new genera, which occur also in the adjacent province'.
		Swainson had earlier claimed in a letter to the Colonial Secretary of New South Wales (reproduced in Galloway I.c.) that 'in the Illawarra district alone, generally considered very poor in 'Gum trees' I have already discovered and determined more than 50 species of which dissections etc. have been made'.
	www.anbg.gov.au /biography/swainson-william.html (543 words)

	William Swainson: Tutte le informazioni su William Swainson su Encyclopedia.it (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		William John Swainson (8 ottobre 1789 – 6 dicembre 1855) ornitologo ed artista inglese.
		Il suo amico William Elford Leach lo incoraggio nello sperimentare la litografia per le illustrazioni del suo libro "Zoological illustration".
		Swainson scrisse al segretario della colonia del Nuovo Galles del Sud, sostenendo che, nel solo distretto di Illawarra, aveva scoperto ben più di 50 specie diverse di alberi della gomma.
	www.encyclopedia.it /w/wi/william_swainson.html (288 words)

	Historical documents and naturalists' travel accounts
		William Swainson was a naturalist and bird illustrator.
		Swainson became a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1816 and of the Royal Society in 1820.
		Swainson's claim to be considered as " the first to discover the true locality " of the hyacinthine maccaw, inasmuch as a different and much more extensive one has been long previously indicated by another observer, M. ara.
	www.bluemacaws.org /hist13.htm (2778 words)

	Ornithology Collections in the Libraries at Cornell University: A Descriptive Guide
		Swainson was also responsible for preparing the lithographic plates, classification, and synonymy for part two of John Richardson's Fauna boreali-americana (1829-1831), describing birds of North America north of the forty-eighth parallel.
		Also present is a copy of Swainson's A selection of the birds of Brazil and Mexico (1841), which covered Swainson's collecting trips to the New World early in the century.
		Swainson was particularly interested in systematics and spent much of his ornithological career studying and devising classification schemes.
	rmc.library.cornell.edu /ornithology/guide/hillguide15.htm (1085 words)

	Swainson's Thrush
		The Swainson's Thrush, named in honor of the early 19th century English ornithologist William Swainson, spends it summers in the coniferous forests of Canada and the northern US, and its winters from southern Mexico through to Argentina.
		In the hand, the Swainson's Thrush can be distinguished from the similar Gray-cheeked Thrush by the lack of emargination on primary number 6 (fourth feather from the top).
		Swainson's Thrushes nest in northern coniferous forests, preferably in dense thickets along streams.
	www.wbu.com /chipperwoods/photos/swainsons.htm (432 words)

	Shrub-Steppe Series: What About Swainson's Hawk? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Swainson's hawks are one of many species of hawks living in the Columbia Basin.
		Swainson's hawks are the smallest buteo hawk inhabiting southeastern Washington.
		Swainson's hawks are noted for their remarkable long-distance migration from North America to the grasslands of Argentina and back again.
	www.pnl.gov /pals/resource_cards/Swainson's_Hawk.stm (833 words)

	July (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The result of this was one of most intense collecting adventures in horticultural history - an adventure that led to the introduction of a whole group of large-flowered lavender orchids that would dominate the orchid world and the public’s perception of orchids for the next 150 years.
		The original plants of Cattleya labiata were distributed to Cattley and the Glasgow Botanic Garden by William Swainson, a naturalist who battled his way through the uncharted tropical jungles of northern Brazil collecting mosses, ferns, and other native plants to send back to the botanical gardens like the the one in Glasgow.
		Swainson had a dramatic impact on not only the discovery of C. labiata, but also on its future..
	nmog.org /html/july.html (1521 words)

	Large-Flowered Species
		When a vagabond plant collector named William Swainson sent a bundle of strange lavender-flowered plants thought to be parasitic to the Glasgow Botanic Garden in 1817, he opened the door to a flood of excitement that would engulf the horticultural world for the rest of the century.
		Swainson had discovered the plants while he was exploring the steaming jungles of the province of Pernambuco in northern Brazil.
		William Cattley, the story goes, threw the packing material under the bench in his stove house and, atonishingly, the packing material flowered as C. labiata.
	www.chadwickorchids.com /Cattleya/largeflowered.htm (3104 words)

	Towhee.net - Audubon's Friends (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Englishman, William Swainson, was a talented, industrious, strong-willed naturalist and artist.
		However, Audubon and Swainson were friends in the 1830s and traveled to Paris together seeking supporters for their publications and drawings.
		Swainson illustrated a prodigious number of scientific and popular works on nature.
	www.towhee.net /history/friends.html (896 words)

	DNZB / BIOGRAPHY
		Arthur William Follett Halcombe was born at Highgate, London, England, probably on 16 January 1834, the fifth child of Margaret Birch and her husband, John Halcomb (later Halcombe), a barrister and MP for Dover.
		In 1861 he was made a justice of the peace and in 1863 became a lieutenant of the Victoria Troop, Rangitikei Cavalry Volunteers, of Tutaenui and Turakina.
		On 3 December 1863 at St James' Church, Hutt, he married Edith Stanway Swainson, an artist, daughter of the naturalist and artist William Swainson and his second wife, Anne Grasby; they were to have five sons and three daughters.
	www.dnzb.govt.nz /dnzb/Essay_Body.asp?PersonEssay=2H2 (821 words)

	archive.htm
		William Swainson (1789-1855) promoted the 'Quinarian system' of classification which enjoyed a tremendous vogue in the 1830s.
		The Museum archives contain the annotated manuscript copies for Swainson's popular science books, and seven volumes of Strickland's correspondence relating to these interests, as well as his 2 metre hand-drawn wall chart on 'The Natural Affinities of the Incessorial Birds'.
		This chart, which was presented at the BAAS meeting, is of particular interest because it presents, not a phylogenetic tree of the type with which we have grown familiar, but a map showing degrees of affinity.
	www.zoo.cam.ac.uk /museum/archive.htm (1805 words)

	Cattleya labiata
		Swainson was a naturalist who battled his way through the uncharted tropical jungles of northern Brazil collecting mosses, ferns and other native plants to send back to botanical gardens like the one in Glasgow.
		Swainson had a remarkable impact not only on the discovery of C. labiata, but also on its future, for in the process of discovering it, he made it possible for the horticultural world to lose C. labiata for the next 71 years.
		Swainson also knew how pleased William Cattley would be with these plants, at that time thought to be considered parasitic, because European horticulture had never seen anything like them.
	www.chadwickorchids.com /Cattleya/labiata.htm (2212 words)

	Bird Name Biographies VI
		Swainson met Audubon when he first visited London in 1828.
		Swainson was the first to use lithography to illustrate birds (Zoological Illustrations, 1820-1823) and thus was the first ornithologist to profit from the explosion of low-cost natural history literature lithography made possible.
		Wilson's great mentor, William Bartram was the son of botanist John Bartram (1699-1777) who along with Benjamin Franklin and others founded the the first scientific society in America, the American Philosophical Society, in Philadelphia, in 1744.
	www.uiowa.edu /~nathist/Site/whatsinanamebios5.html (921 words)

	Burton News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		William Atkinson 1745-1825 bought the Barony of Burton and lived in the Old Manor House in the Main Street about 1790.
		Alfred had 10 children - the 5th and eldest son, William Alfred Langdale Atkinson, sold the estate of 3 farms, 2 mansion houses, cottages and several lots of accomodation land - 479 acres - at the Royal Hotel in Burton on 2 Feb 1921.
		William Alfred Langdale Atkinson's nephew (brother's son) sold the last piece of Atkinson land, Burton Fell, in 1992, but retained the title of Lord of the Manor of Burton.
	www.burtonnews.org.uk /archive09-04/misc6.html (317 words)

	Representations of the Natural System in the Nineteenth Century
		William Swainson and the other members of the quinarian school, followers of the entomologist Macleay, considered analogy to be equally important:
		Figure 2 (from Swainson, 1837) illustrates both the circular affinities of the starling and crow families, and also the analogies between them, analogies which connected every circle of affinity in the quinarian system.
		According to Swainson’s ‘law of representation’ the same five ‘primary types’ are analogically represented in each circle of affinity.
	rjohara.net /cv/1991-bp (4025 words)

	Golder Editorial
		Among the collections of the Turnbull Library are a remarkable group of drawings by another early settler in the Hutt Valley, William Swainson.
		Partly because Golder and Swainson were acquainted, and partly because many of Swainson’s drawings are of scenes in the Hutt Valley during the 1840s, a selection of them (with a few pictures by others) has been included and links made to specific poems.
		William Swainson of Fern Grove F.R.S., F.L.S. andc.
	www.nzetc.org /projects/golder/project.html (836 words)

	DNZB / BIOGRAPHY
		New Zealand's first chief justice, William Martin, the youngest son of Henry Martin, a manufacturer, and his wife, Mary Martin, was baptised on 22 May 1807 in Birmingham, England, where he received his early education at King Edward VI Grammar School.
		He shared the voyage on the Tyne with William Swainson, who was taking up appointment as the second attorney general of New Zealand, and with Thomas Outhwaite, the new registrar of the Supreme Court.
		In truth the scheme of courts proposed by Swainson and Martin was too elaborate for the circumstances of the colony.
	www.dnzb.govt.nz /dnzb/Essay_Body.asp?PersonEssay=1M21&QuickSearch=true (2020 words)

	What Barbara's Camera Sees
		Swainson's Hawk (Buteo swainsoni): has long, narrow, pointed wings and extremely variable plumage.
		The Swainson's Hawk was named in honor of the early 19th century English ornithologist William Swainson [1789-1855].
		Juvenile Swainson's Hawk (Buteo swainsoni): The speckled chest is a characteristic of the immature Swainson's hawk.
	barbarascamera.com /swainson.html (127 words)

	Chrono-Biographical Sketch: William Swainson
		William Swainson was a very capable zoologist and illustrator whose career suffered from his lack of formal training and his propensity for too wholeheartedly adopting theories of dubious worth.
		His father had been a fine amateur zoologist (and a founding member of the Linnean Society of London), and early on Swainson continued the family avocation while earning a paycheck as a civil servant.
		Swainson's lack of greater success can be attributed to a rather too obvious lack of academic polish, and to his adoption of the peculiar quinary system of classification (which isolated his systematic efforts from the mainstream of the time, already dominated by the Linnaean approach).
	www.wku.edu /~smithch/chronob/SWAI1789.htm (317 words)

	ScienceDaily: List of biologists
		William Elford Leach (1790-1836) English zoologist and marine biologist
		William Grey Walter (1910-1977), American neurophysiologist and roboticist, made a number of important discoveries in the field of electroencephalography
		Robin Warren (born 1937), Australian pathologist, winner of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery that most stomach ulcers are caused by a strain of bacteria
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/list_of_biologists (2712 words)

	Georgia Wildlife Web Site; birds: Limnothlypis swainsonii (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The species name was created to honor William Swainson, who was a naturalist and a friend of John J. Audubon.
		The Swainson's Warbler is usually in habitat with a dense understory.
		These declines are attributed to habitat degredation (removal of canebrakes) and parasitism by the Brown-headed Cowbird, which lays its eggs in other birds' nests so that the host parents to raise its young instead of or in addition to their own.
	museum.nhm.uga.edu /gawildlife/birds/passeriformes/lswainsonii.html (379 words)

	New Zealand Art Monthly - Articles
		William Swainson, a botanical draughtsman, was surprised and delighted by new species, and motivated by a descriptive imperative.
		Swainson worked extensively throughout the Dandenongs 1852-53, in Tasmania 1854-54, and in New South Wales 1855-56.
		Beginning with such highly considered nineteenth century artists as Nerli and Swainson, Europeans were drawn to the South Pacific by its exoticism.
	www.nzartmonthly.co.nz /ferners_002.html (1358 words)

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