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	William I (of England) - MSN Encarta
		William I (of England), called The Conqueror (1027-1087), first Norman king of England (1066-1087), who has been called one of the first modern kings and is generally regarded as one of the outstanding figures in western European history.
		Born in Falaise, France, William was the illegitimate son of Robert I, duke of Normandy, and Arletta, a tanner’s daughter, and is therefore sometimes called William the Bastard.
		William met the opposition, which was particularly violent in the north and west, with strong measures; he was responsible for the devastation of great areas of the country, particularly in Yorkshire, where Danish forces had arrived to aid the Saxon rebels.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761579147/William_I_(of_England).html (735 words)

	History of the Monarchy > The Normans > William I
		William's claim to the English throne was based on his assertion that, in 1051, Edward the Confessor had promised him the throne (he was a distant cousin) and that Harold II - having sworn in 1064 to uphold William's right to succeed to that throne - was therefore a usurper.
		William's wholesale confiscation of land from English nobles and their heirs (many nobles had died at the battles of Stamford Bridge and Senlac) enabled him to recruit and retain an army, by demanding military duties in exchange for land tenancy granted to Norman, French and Flemish allies.
		William bequeathed Normandy as he had promised to his eldest son Robert, despite their bitter differences (Robert had sided with his father's enemies in Normandy, and even wounded and defeated his father in a battle there in 1079).
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page18.asp (1785 words)

	Frederick William I - LoveToKnow 1911
		And so, by the treaty of Stockholm (February 1, 1720), Frederick William succeeded in obtaining the consent of Sweden to the cession of that part of Pomerania which he had occupied (Usedom, Wollin, Stettin, Hither Pomerania, east of the Peene) in return for a payment of 2,000,000 thalers.
		His policy in respect of the towns was motived largely by fiscal considerations, but at the same time he tried also to improve their municipal administration; for example, in the matter of buildings, of the letting of domain lands and of the collection of the excise in towns.
		Frederick William had many opponents among the nobles because he pressed on the abolition of the old feudal rights, introduced in East Prussia and Lithuania a general land tax (the General- hufenschoss), and finally in 1 739 attacked in a special edict the Legen, i.e.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Frederick_William_I (1580 words)

	Scotland's Past - William I 'The Lion'
		Under William the north was finally brought under royal control, he subdued Easter Ross in 1179 and built castles at Redcastle on the Black Isle and Dunskeath on the Cromarty Firth.
		William was not a great general and was captured at the Battle of Alnwick in 1174.
		William never gave up his dream of ruling Northumberland but although he held protracted negociations with Richard's brother, John, he was no nearer his ambition when he died in 1214.
	www.cyberpict.co.uk /scotpast/williami.cfm (1072 words)

	William I
		William of Normandy was the illegitimate son of Robert the Devil, Duke of Normandy, and Arlette, the teenage daughter of a local tanner from the little French town of Falaise, where they lived.
		William must therefore have felt doubly justified in making his invasion plans with the promise made to him by Edward the Confessor, and the solemn oath made to him by Harold.
		William had been a ruthless and quick-tempered king, but he had a passion for law and order, so that when he died people spoke of 'the good peace he made in this land so that a man might go the length and breadth of the kingdom with his pockets full of gold.
	www.royalty.info /british/William_I (1505 words)

	William I - Encyclopedia.com
		William I 1797-1888, emperor of Germany (1871-88) and king of Prussia (1861-88), second son of the future King Frederick William III of Prussia and Louise of Mecklenburg.
		William immediately set about reorganizing and strengthening the army, and when he met the opposition of the legislature, he appointed Otto von Bismarck his prime minister in 1862.
		William I commanded in person in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71, received the surrender of Napoleon III at Sedan, and was proclaimed (Jan. 18, 1871) emperor of Germany in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles (see Germany).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Will1Ger.html (1461 words)

	History of the Monarchy > Descendants of Malcom III > William I
		Born in 1143, William the Lion was the younger brother of Malcolm IV.
		In 1192, the Pope granted a Bull to William that recognised the separate identity of the Scottish Church (previously the Church in Scotland had been brought under the authority of the Archbishop of York), and its independence of all ecclesiastical authorities apart from Rome.
		William died at Stirling on 4 December 1214, aged 71, and was buried at Arbroath.
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page112.asp (371 words)

	William I
		William and his guardians were hard pressed to keep down recurrent rebellions during his minority, and at least once the young duke barely escaped death.
		William is said to have visited England in 1051 or 1052, when his cousin Edward the Confessor probably promised that William would succeed him as king of England.
		Although William immediately began to build and garrison castles around the country, he apparently hoped to maintain continuity of rule; many of the English nobility had fallen at Hastings, but most of those who survived were permitted to keep their lands for the time being.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=120551 (1113 words)

	Kings of England
		William's rival, Edgar Atheling, was supported by some of the leading men for a short time, but they all made sub mission to William at Berkhampstead, and on the following Christmas-day he was crowned at Westminster by Aldred, archbishop of York, a riot occurring, in which some lives were lost and some houses burnt.
		Early in 1067 William went to Normandy, leaving the government of his new dominions in the hands of Odo, bishop of Bayeux, and William Fitz-Osbern.
		Prince William Henry was present with Admiral Rodney at the capture of the Caraccas fleet, commanded by Don Juan Langara.
	www.genuki.org.uk /big/royalty/kingw.html (2422 words)

	William the Conqueror
		William survived but he was forced to accept Ralph of Wacy as his guardian and leader of his armed forces.
		In 1053 William married Matilda of Flanders, the daughter of Count Baldwin of Flanders.
		William was furious and on mounted an attack on the king's territory.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /MEDwilliam1.htm (3198 words)

	William, I Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		William I was the illegitimate son of Robert I the Devil, Duke of Normandy, and Arletta, a tanner's daughter.
		William's military ability, ruthlessness, and political skill enabled him to raise the authority of the Duke of Normandy to an entirely new level and at the same time to maintain practical independence of his overlord, the king of France.
		William secured for his claim the sanction of the Pope, who was interested in correcting abuses in the English Church; at the same time, he ordered transports to be built and collected an army of adventurers from Normandy and neighboring provinces.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/william-i (969 words)

	William I
		William was born the grandnephew of Queen Emma, wife of King Ethelred the Unready and later of King Canute.
		William's defeat of these led to what became known as the The Harrowing of the North in which Northumbria was laid waste to deny his enemies its resources.
		William was succeeded in 1087 as King of England by his younger son William Rufus and as Duke of Normandy by his elder son Robert Curthose.
	www.dymock.org /William_I.htm (895 words)

	William I Feature Page on Undiscovered Scotland
		William the Lion and, in Gaelic, Uilliam Garm or William the Rough) lived from 1143 to 4 December 1214 and was King of Scotland from 9 December 1165 to 4 December 1214.
		William was a striking contrast to his frail brother, proving to be a strong king whose reign was undermined only by a fixation on regaining control of Northumberland from the English.
		As a result, in 1186 Henry arranged for William to be married to Ermengarde de Beaumont, a granddaughter of King Henry I of England.
	www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk /usbiography/monarchs/williami.html (510 words)

	BBC - History - William the Conqueror (c.1028 - c.1087)
		William was Duke of Normandy and, as William I, the first Norman King of England.
		William was born in around 1028, in Falaise, Normandy the illegitimate son of Robert I, Duke of Normandy.
		William was furious, claiming that in 1051 Edward, a distant cousin, had promised him the throne and that Harold had later sworn to support that claim.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/historic_figures/william_i_king.shtml (426 words)

	Britannia: Monarchs of Britain
		William, the illegitimate son of the Duke of Normandy, spent his first six years with his mother in Falaise and received the duchy of Normandy upon his father's death in 1035.
		In 1047, William reasserted himself in the eastern Norman regions and, with the aid of France's King Henry I, crushed the rebelling barons.
		William was enraged and immediately prepared to invade, insisting that Harold had sworn allegiance to him in 1064.
	www.britannia.com /history/monarchs/mon22.html (764 words)

	Frederick William I - Encyclopedia.com
		Frederick William I 1688-1740, king of Prussia (1713-40), son and successor of Frederick I. He continued the administrative reforms and the process of centralization begun by Frederick William, the Great Elector, creating a strong, absolutist state.
		Although Frederick William built up one of the most powerful armies in Europe, he was essentially a peaceful man. He intervened briefly in the Northern War, but gained little territory.
		Frederick William was a coarse man, and he had contempt for his gifted heir, who was to succeed him as Frederick II (Frederick the Great).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-FredWil1.html (994 words)

	WILLIAM I,
		He was the son of Prince William V of Orange (1748–1806), the last hereditary stadtholder of the United Netherlands.
		In the War of the First Coalition against revolutionary France, William commanded the Dutch army from 1793 until 1795, when his country was overrun by the French.
		William soon estranged his Belgian subjects by his discriminatory policies, and he was unable to prevent the secession of Belgium in 1830.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..wi051600.a (701 words)

	William I of Normandy at AllExperts
		William Longsword (died December 17, 942) was jarl (ruler) of Normandy.
		William's mother was named Poppa; all that is known of her is that she was a Christian, and the daughter of a Count Berengar.
		In 939 William became involved in a war with Arnulf I of Flanders, which soon became intertwined with the other conflicts of the reign of Louis IV of France.
	en.allexperts.com /e/w/wi/william_i_of_normandy.htm (291 words)

	William I, king of England. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The accession (1060) of the child Philip I of France, whose guardian was William’s father-in-law, improved his position, and in 1063 William conquered the county of Maine.
		William undertook church reform, appointed Lanfranc archbishop of Canterbury, substituted foreign prelates for many of the English bishops, took command over the administration of church affairs, and established (1076) separate ecclesiastical courts.
		By the Oath of Salisbury in 1086, William established the important precedent that loyalty to the king is superior to loyalty to any subordinate feudal lord of the kingdom.
	www.bartleby.com /65/wi/Will1Eng.html (683 words)

	CNN.com - William: Give my father a break - Jun. 22, 2003
		William said his father had been a "huge influence" on him, especially concerning rural issues, like organic farming and sustainability, for example.
		William said: "I thought it would be quite fun to see the family out of fl tie and get everyone to dress up.
		William, who is midway through a four-year Master of Arts degree at St Andrews University in Scotland, remains particularly close to his younger brother, 18-year-old Prince Harry, with whom he suffered the trauma of their mother, Diana's early and tragic death.
	cnn.com /2003/WORLD/europe/06/21/uk.william.interview (1188 words)

	William the First
		William never lost site of his position however, which seems to indicate he was still being kept in touch with events at court.
		William and the Kings men on one side and an Armada of his opponents on the other.
		William would not pay Guy a ransom for Harold but used disguised threats which seemed to work, as Harold was handed over to him.
	www.battle1066.com /william1.shtml (1728 words)

	Royalty.nu - English Royal History - The Private Life of William the Conqueror
		King William I of England -- better known as William the Conqueror -- was born in 1027 or 1028.
		William's uncle Walter -- brother of Arlette and Osbern -- frequently woke William in the dead of night and smuggled him to a new hiding place under cover of darkness.
		The Gesta Guillelmi of William of Poitiers by Gulielmus, R. Davis, and Marjorie Chibnall.
	www.royalty.nu /Europe/England/Norman/WilliamI.html (2235 words)

	World History, Rulers, William the Conqueror, William I
		William, the illegitimate son of the Duke of Normandy, was born about 1027, spent his first six years with his mother in Falaise, and received the duchy of Normandy upon his father's death in 1035.
		William was enraged and immediately made plans to invade England, insisting that Harold had sworn allegiance to him in 1064.
		William was prepared for battle by August 1066 but high winds over the next several weeks prevented crossing the English Channel.
	www.laughtergenealogy.com /bin/histprof/kings/william_i_1066.html (914 words)

	WILLIAM I,
		William was born on March 22, 1797, in Berlin, the second son of Frederick William III of Prussia and his queen Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1776–1810).
		Upon the accession of his childless brother Frederick William IV in 1840, William became heir presumptive to the Prussian throne.
		In 1858, after the king was declared insane, William became regent, and three years later he succeeded to the throne.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=225906 (812 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: William the Conqueror
		To the pope, William was ever careful to show himself a considerate and respectful son, even on such occasions as when he firmly resisted the claim made by Gregory VII to feudal homage.
		In the last years of William's reign a great deal of his attention was absorbed by the political complications which threatened his Continental dominions and by the undutiful attitude of his sons.
		The principal sources are the Gesta Willelmi of WILLIAM OF POITIERS, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the Historia Ecclesiastica of ORDERICUS VITALIS, the Gesta Regum of WILLIAM OF MALMESBURY and the Historia Normannorum of WILLIAM OF JUMIÈGES.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15642c.htm (1542 words)

	William Alexander Hesskew
		William is documented as being in Texas as early as August 1835 as validated by the documents above.
		So picking William backup in Brazoria, Texas, which was the headquarters of Austin's Colony, in August 1835 we find that he signed the petition subscribed to by a hundred and thirty-four citizens from Brazos urging a convention to be held to discuss the possibility of Independence from Mexico.
		William applied for and was approved to receive a pension from the State of Texas for his services to the Republic of Texas in Jan 1878.
	jack0204.tripod.com /gen/Heskew/william_alexander_heskew.html (1120 words)

	Another Chapter in Sweet William's Life
		William continued to do wonderfully as he adapted to his new situation of being alone during the day while me and my husband worked.
		William is loving the fact that I took off from work, and I am home full time now.
		We are devastated, because we do not want to put William through the trauma of a surgery and we do not have the finances to afford it at this time due to all our medical bills with the twins.
	www.dogsaver.org /noahsbark/sweetwilliamphotos/sweetwilliamupdate.html (1838 words)

	The Childhood of William the Conqueror
		King William I of England - better known as William the Conqueror - was born in 1027 or 1028.
		William was born within a year of their first meeting.
		William's uncle Walter - brother of Arlette and Osbern - frequently woke William in the dead of night to smuggle him to a new hiding place under cover of darkness.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/royal_history/15513 (495 words)

	Timeline - William the Conqueror
		William, Duke of Normandy, was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey.
		William returned from Normandy and, despite recognising the guilt of many of his Norman barons, he burned and slaughtered his way to total submission of the Saxons.
		William retaliated and sacked Mantes, receiving the injury from which he was to die.
	www.historyonthenet.com /Chronology/timelinewilliami.htm (919 words)

	thewireweb: Music > Celebrity Interviews > William Read
		William: Well, after I stumbled upon the BB community at MP3.com, I found that there were online collaborations happening all the time, and I thought it was such a great idea.
		William: I was 'pharoh' in our school production of 'Joseph and his amazing Technicolor dreamcoat' at school...lol....Oh I see what you mean.
		William: I'd love to be a working film composer most of all.
	www.thewireweb.com /interviews/williamread.htm (698 words)

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