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Topic: Willowbrook State School

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	Willowbrook State School - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Willowbrook State School was a state-supported institution for mentally retarded children located in central Staten Island in New York City.
		The school gained notoriety in the 1960s for an unethical medical study conducted there, and in the 1970s further abuses uncovered at the school were the stimulus for new civil rights legislation.
		The school was closed in 1987, and the former grounds were redeveloped extensively to serve as the campus of the College of Staten Island.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Willowbrook_State_School (520 words)

	Encyclopedia: Willowbrook State School
		Willowbrook is a neighborhood on Staten Island, one of the five boroughs of the USAs largest city, New York.
		The United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is a Cabinet department of the United States government responsible for administering programs of veterans benefits for veterans, their families, and survivors.
		Medical ethics The New Jersey State Hospital at Trenton is a state run mental hospital located in Trenton, New Jersey Founded by Dorothea Lynde Dix The Trenton Psychiatric Hospital, (originaly named the New Jersey State Lunatic Asylum) the first public mental hospital in the state of New Jersey opened on May 15...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Willowbrook-State-School (1354 words)

	Willowbrook State School (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Willowbrook with Down Syndrome who was murdered in 1988, and whose remains eventually were found buried on the grounds of the former Willowbrook State School.
		Willowbrook State School was the name of an institution for mentally retarded children located in New York City's borough of Staten Island.
		The remaining 171 acres of the state school's original property, at the south end, is still under the administration of the New York State Department of Mental Hygiene, which maintains a facility there called the Institute For Basic Research.
	www.wikiverse.org /willowbrook-state-school (537 words)

	Encyclopedia: Willowbrook, DuPage County, Illinois
		It should not be confused with Willowbrook, Will County, Illinois, an unincorporated census-designated place, or Willowbrook High School, which is located in nearby Villa Park, Illinois.
		The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce.
		There are 4,178 households out of which 21.0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.0% are married couples living together, 7.4% have a female householder with no husband present, and 45.6% are non-families.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Willowbrook,-DuPage-County,-Illinois (843 words)

	Willowbrook State School -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The school was closed in 1987, and the former grounds were redeveloped extensively to serve as the campus of the (additional info and facts about College of Staten Island) College of Staten Island.
		The institution has sometimes been misidentified as a state hospital for criminally insane adults; one example of this can be found in the 1999 (A extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story) novel Pins by Jim Provenzano.
		Construction was completed in 1942, but instead of opening for its original purpose, it was converted into a (The army of the United States of America; organizes and trains soldiers for land warfare) United States Army hospital and named Halloran General Hospital, after the late Colonel Paul Stacey Halloran.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/w/wi/willowbrook_state_school.htm (454 words)

	Guide to Willowbrook Resources at the CSI Library
		She also examines the Willowbrook litigation, plaintiffs and plaintiff attorneys in the case, and the implementation of reforms after the Consent Decree was issued.
		The Willowbrook related materials primarily consist of litigation records; however, there are also materials Grossman probably received on one of his visits to the school, as well as material he collected after his participation in the legal case had ended.
		The Willowbrook State School Pre-Demolition Photographs are housed with the College of Staten Island Photographs in the College Archives.
	www.library.csi.cuny.edu /archives/WillowbrookCSI.htm (2160 words)

	College of Staten Island - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Richmond College had been threatened with closure because of New York City's financial crisis, while the older school, because of its status as a community college, received state support.
		The College of Staten Island has been located on the grounds of the former Willowbrook State School since 1993.
		Before the relocation to Willowbrook, the college had a split campus, located at the former Staten Island Community College (in Sunnyside, on Todt Hill) and Richmond College (in St.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/College_of_Staten_Island (274 words)

	Civil Rights - Law and History/Rights of Institutionalized Persons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In March, 1972, a group of parents, volunteer organizations and individual residents at the Willowbrook State School for the Mentally Retarded filed a federal lawsuit against the State of New York and the administrators of the school to correct conditions at the school.
		Conditions for the residents at Willowbrook were hazardous to the health, safety and sanity of the residents.
		After 3 years of court actions, all the parties to the lawsuit agreed on a settlement to correct the conditions at Willowbrook.
	www.usdoj.gov /kidspage/crt/cripa.htm (239 words)

	Human Subjects - History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		These studies were designed to gain an understanding of the natural history of infectious hepatitis and subsequently to test the effects of gamma globulin in preventing or ameliorating the disease.
		Investigators defended the deliberate injection of these children by pointing out that the vast majority of them acquired the infection anyway while at Willowbrook, and perhaps it would be better for them to be infected under carefully controlled research conditions.
		Thus, in some cases, parents found that they were unable to admit their child to Willowbrook unless they agreed to his or her participation in the studies.
	www.stanford.edu /dept/DoR/hs/History/his07.html (214 words)

	Archives & Special Collections - Guide to Willowbrook Resources
		Willowbrook State School was built in the 1930’s in Staten Island, NY to care for individuals with mental retardation and developmental disabilities.
		The closure of Willowbrook, the placement of individuals with developmental disabilities in community residences, the growth of voluntary agencies and the expansion of day programs and special education can all be linked to the Judgement.
		Sundram was the Executive Chamber's representative to the state's defense during the Willowbrook class-action suit and a member of the Willowbrook Review Committee established to oversee compliance with court orders related to that case.
	www.library.csi.cuny.edu /archives/WillowbrookRG.htm (1643 words)

	[No title]
		By 1947 the school outgrew the island and moved to Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn.
		Halloran General hospital is converted from military use to the Willowbrook State Hospital.
		Geraldo Rivera brings the abuse of disabled students at the Willowbrook State School to national attention.
	www.nypl.org /branch/staten/history/timeline5.html (1407 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Edward Seguin opens his school for the mentally handicapped, introducing the concept of "Moral Education" of the feebleminded, wherein a holistic approach is used, including the principle of treating the mentally handicapped with "dignity, warmth and kindness".
		The first permanent institution for the mentally handicapped is founded: The Massachusetts School for Idiotic and Feebleminded Youth, was opened as a result of Dr. Howes work in 1848, when he placed 10 mentally challenged children in a wing of the Perkins Institute for training and education.
		Deceiving the students into believing that they were participating in the schools' "science club" experiments, the researchers and staff exposed the students to radioactive iron and radioactive calcium which was hidden in their cereal.
	www.geocities.com /mental_retardation_information/HISTORY.html (1613 words)

	NYS-OMRDD Journal: Brooklyn DDSO
		The design award winning complex of two-story buildings, located on a 35-acre site in southeast Brooklyn, would soon prove to be a stepping stone from institutionalized custodial care to a treatment venue that nurtured independence and facilitated the attainment of community living.
		From an initial admission of 120, the number of consumers served expanded as the State and voluntary sectors gradually developed one of the largest networks of services in the State.
		In 1963, her parents made the painful decision to place their daughter in the Willowbrook State School where she remained for the next l4 years.
	www.omr.state.ny.us /journal/20aniv/hp_journal2brook.jsp (842 words)

	Willowbrook State School, Staten Island, New York, page 1 of 4 pages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		According to an article in Reviews of Infectious Diseases 8:157-162, 1986, Willowbrook was planned in 1938 to be a facility for care of mentally retarded children.
		However, before it could open for that purpose it was taken over by the War Department to be a US Army Medical facility called Halloran General Hospital (to honor the late Colonel Paul Stacey Halloran).
		After WWII there were efforts to convert it to a VA facility but it languished until October 1947 when patients from Wassaic State School and Letchworth Village were transferred as the first group of severely mentally retarded inmates.
	members.cox.net /johora7/willowbrook1.htm (272 words)

	MHANYS - Community Connections, Winter 2002/2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		His presentation was a “state of the state” of mental healthcare in New York.
		In the aftermath of the exposé of squalid conditions at the Willowbrook State School on Staten Island by TV reporter Geraldo Rivera in 1971, state health authorities proposed a program of reforms.
		Up until 1993, when a New York State statute required that monies saved from the closing of institutional beds be allocated for mental health services in local communities, those savings went into the general fund and were used to build roads, bridges, and schools.
	www.mhanys.org /cc/cc2002w-compcare.htm (509 words)

	Re: willowbrook state school and the new college campus
		Re: willowbrook state school and the new college campus
		Hepatitis was common among these patients and between 1949 and 1953, during rapid increases in population Dr. Jack Hammond reported the consequences of overcrowding to the state legislature.
		Re: willowbrook state school and the new college campus - by: rs - 3/20/1998@20:55hrs (New Replies:
	www.si-web.com /forums/gathering/6933.html (387 words)

	HISTORY
		The vulnerability of children, especially institutionalized children, as participants in research is demonstrated in a series of studies conducted from 1963 through 1966 at the Willowbrook State School, a New York institution for "mentally defective" children.
		Researchers defended the deliberate injection of these children by pointing out that the vast majority of them acquired the infection anyway while at Willowbrook, given the crowded and unsanitary conditions, and because only children whose parents had given consent were included.
		This controversial case raised important questions about the adequacy and freedom of consent, inadequate disclosure of the child's risk of later developing chronic liver disease, and the lack of information given to parents about access to doses of gamma-globulin for other children.
	www.umaine.edu /irb/History/history3.htm (223 words)

	NYCLU: In The Legislature: Quality of Care in Adult Homes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The NYCLU, with others, commenced the Willowbrook lawsuit in 1972 to correct the inhumane institutional conditions suffered by the residents of the infamous Willowbrook State School.
		After the Willowbrook Consent Judgment was entered on May 5, 1975, the focus of the litigation to correct inhumane institutional conditions turned to advocacy for the development of community-based services as a means to advance social justice for people with mental retardation and developmental disabilities.
		In addition, the State must mandate that qualified, trained staff provide services to the residents in adult care facilities and, to that end, implement staff training that will improve the quality and safety of care and services provided to residents of adult homes.
	www.nyclu.org /leg_qualityofcare_051002.html (1048 words)

	WorldNetDaily: Suffer the little children
		Children who are wards of the state can be included in approved research only under the condition that an independent and qualified advocate for each child is appointed to act in the best interests of the child while participating in the research.
		Willowbrook was an overcrowded institution with about 5,000 children in a facility designed for 3,000.
		Logic nonetheless drove the American public to outrage when they discovered mentally ill children in a state school were deliberately infected with hepatitis.
	www.worldnetdaily.com /news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=37658 (867 words)

	Movie Database - [TV Guide Online] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This earnest portrait of several developmentally disabled survivors of Staten Island's notorious Willowbrook State School should be required viewing for over zealous politicos swinging budget axes at state-funded health care.
		During the late 1960s, Willowbrook -- crippled by state budget cuts -- became a disease-ridden hellhole whose shockingly neglected (and often abused) residents were left to wallow naked in their own excrement.
		It wasn't until 1972, when investigative journalist Geraldo Rivera literally threw open the doors of the "school" -- more a human kennel than a place of care -- that national attention was focused on the horrible conditions.
	online.tvguide.com /movies/database/showmovie.asp?MI=38965 (186 words)

	willowbrook hepatitis Information and Resources Online at The Drug Database - Find Useful Articles and Websites on ...
		Last week I used the Willowbrook Hepatitis Experiments to develop the case for an alternative to Utilitarian Ethical...
		Willowbrook Hepatitis Study (Mid 1950s to Early 1970s): The Willowbrook study involved infecting mentally retarded children with a Hepatitis virus to study the progression of...
		From 1963 through 1966, studies were carried out at the Willowbrook State School, a New York State institution for "mentally defective persons."...
	www.thedrugdatabase.com /directory/hepatitis/willowbrook_hepatitis (417 words)

	NYS-OMRDD Journal: Milestones in OMRDD's History
		New York State commits itself to a program of improving community placement for the "Willowbrook class" clients.
		Open since May, 1894, it had been one of the first institutions in the United States to care for persons with developmental disabilities.
		December 16, 1993 - Thomas A. Maul conformed by NY State Senate as fifth OMRDD Commissioner.
	www.omr.state.ny.us /journal/20aniv/hp_journal2mile.jsp (1141 words)

	About the Commission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Commission, which was created in the wake of New York State's settlement of a major class action lawsuit at Willowbrook State School for the Mentally Retarded, consists of a full-time chairman and two unsalaried members, each appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate to serve for staggered five-year terms.
		The purpose of the Commission, spelled out in NYS Mental Hygiene Law Article 45, is to provide programmatic and fiscal accountability for delivering services of a high quality by the vast network of public and private agencies comprising the mental hygiene system.
		The Commission has developed, in partnership with the New York State Bar Association and the NYS Commission on Cable Television, a pioneering and award-winning series of nine one-hour television programs entitled Disability and the Law.
	www.cqc.state.ny.us /aboutcqc/aboutcqc.htm (1058 words)

	Willowbrook News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Four Oak Lawn High School students are serving 10-day suspensions after being accused of hacking into the school district's computer system and changing their grades.
		Willowbrook Road is closed to through traffic between Rockton Road and Prarie Hill Road.
		The killings of three men gunned down last fall in the parking lot of a Willowbrook restaurant were captured on videotape by the security camera at a neighboring business, attorneys said Friday.
	www.topix.net /city/willowbrook-il (868 words)

	DHM: Library - Where Toys Are Locked Away (Document)
		Yet in their reply spokesmen for the Rockefeller administration had to accept as true Kennedy's general description of the deplorable conditions existing in state institutions for exceptional children.
		That Kennedy's denunciation of the conditions under which mentally retarded children must live in state institutions was more than politically motivated is evident in his willingness to put the blame on all parties: "Our shortcomings are due to no one man and no single administration.
		His tours of the Rome State School for Mental Defectives and of the Willowbrook State School on Staten Island were -- as Republicans charged -- too brief for a survey.
	www.disabilitymuseum.org /lib/docs/1743.htm (330 words)

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