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Topic: Wilno Uprising

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	Warsaw Uprising (1794) - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Warsaw Uprising of 1794 (otherwise called the Warsaw Insurrection, Polish: insurekcja warszawska) was an armed Polish insurrection at the onset of Kościuszko's Uprising by the people of the city.
		The king dispatched Hetman Piotr Ożarowski and marshal of the Permanent Council Józef Ankwicz to Iosif Igelström, the Russian ambassador and commander of all Russian occupation forces in Poland, with a proposal to evacuate both the Russian and Polish troops loyal to the king to a military encampment at Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki.
		In the 19th century the Uprising of 1794 was presented in a bad light in Imperial Russian historiography, as the fights in Warsaw were referred to as a "massacre" of unarmed Russian soldiers by the Warsaw's mob.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Warsaw_Uprising_(1794) (5018 words)

	Wilno Uprising - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Wilno Uprising (also known as Operation Ostra Brama) was the armed struggle started by the Polish Home Army against the Nazi occupiers of Wilno (now Vilnius), during World War II.
		Wilno and Nowogródek Home Army districts were to liberate the city before the Soviets could reach it.
		Commander of the Wilno Home Army District, General Aleksander Krzyżanowski "Wilk", decided to regroup all partisan units in the north-eastern Poland for the assault - both from inside the city and from the outside.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wilno_Uprising (493 words)

	Warsaw Uprising - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Knowledge of the Warsaw Uprising, inconvenient to Stalin, was twisted by propaganda of the People's Republic of Poland, which stressed the failings of Home Army and the Polish government-in-exile, and forbade all criticism of the Red Army or the political goals of Soviet strategy.
		From 1956 on, the image of the Warsaw Uprising in Polish propaganda was changed a little bit to underline that the soldiers were indeed brave, while the officers were treacherous and the commanders were characterised by disregard of the losses.
		Memories of the uprising helped to inspire the Polish labour movement Solidarity, which led a peaceful opposition movement against the Communist government during the 1980s, leading to the downfall of that government in 1989 and the emergence of democracy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Warsaw_Uprising (4117 words)

	Vilnius - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Wilno, Russian Вильнюс, German Wilna, see also Cities alternative names) is the capital and largest city of Lithuania with population in excess of 540 thousand (in 2003).
		In 1655 Wilno was captured by Russian forces, pillaged and burned, and the population was massacred.
		During the January Uprising in 1863 heavy city fights occurred, but were brutally pacified by Mikhail Muravyov (nick-named The Hanger by the population because of the number of executions he organized).
	www.americancanyon.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Vilnius (2626 words)

	Vilnius information - Search.com
		Following the November Uprising in 1831 the Vilnius University was closed and Russian repressions halted the further development of the city.
		During the January Uprising in 1863 heavy fighting occurred within the city, but was brutally pacified by Mikhail Muravyov, nick-named The Hanger by the population because of the number of executions he organized.
		After the uprising all liberties were halted and the Lithuanian, Polish, and Belarusian languages were banned.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Vilnius (3043 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Wilno Uprising
		Wilno Uprising also known as Operation Wilno (Operacja Wileńska) or Operation Ostra Brama was the armed struggle started by the Polish Home Army against the Nazi German occupiers of Wilno (modern Vilnius), during World War II.
		The Home Army districts of Wilno and Nowogródek were to liberate the city before the Soviets could reach it.
		The Commander of the Wilno Home Army District, General Aleksander Krzyżanowski "Wilk", decided to regroup all of the partisan units in the north-eastern part of Poland for the assault, both from inside the city and from the outside.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Wilno_Uprising (548 words)

	Warsaw Uprising - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Warsaw Uprising (Powstanie Warszawskie) was a controversial armed struggle during the Second World War by the Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa) to liberate Warsaw from German occupation and Nazi rule.
		Volhynia – – – – – – – Wilno Uprising – – – Lwów Uprising – – – Warsaw Uprising
		Memories of the uprising helped to inspire the Polish labour movement Solidarity, which led an opposition movement against the Communist government during the 1980s, leading to the downfall of that government in 1989 and the emergence of democracy.
	www.lexington-fayette.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Warsaw_Uprising (3925 words)

	Vilnius - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		After the November Uprising in 1831 the Vilnius University was closed and repressions halted the further development of the city.
		During the January Uprising in 1863 heavy city fights occurred, but were brutally pacified by Mikhail Muravyov (nick-named The Hanger by the city residents because of a great number of executions he organized).
		After the failure of the uprising all liberties were halted and the Lithuanian, Polish, and Belarusian languages were banned due to the russification policy.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/v/i/l/Vilnius.html (2685 words)

	November Uprising information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Despite several local successes, the uprising was eventually defeated by a numerically superior Russian army under Ivan Paskevich and their resistance was crushed.
		Chłopicki considered the uprising an act of madness, but bowed to strong pressure and consented to take command temporarily, in the hope that it would be unnecessary to take the field.
		With the exception of the Lithuanian uprising, in which the youthful Countess Emily Plater and several other women distinguished themselves, the guerilla warfare carried on in the frontier provinces was of minor importance and served only to give Russia an opportunity to crush local risings.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/November_Uprising (2719 words)

	rossa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Founded in 1769 by Bazyli Miller, the mayor of Wilno, in the place of ancient pagan temple and a small plague necropoly.
		Joachim Lelewel, historian, professor of the University of Wilno
		Wacław Dziewulski; (1882-1938), phisycian, professor of the University of Wilno
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /rossa.html (513 words)

	Polish History - Part 9
		That was reflected in the participation of Poles in European uprisings and revolutions in the 19th century, as well as the participation of foreigners in Polish uprisings.
		The fall of the uprising brought on the annulment of the Constitution, the liquidation of the Kingdom's army, the closing of Warsaw University and the construction of the citadel in Warsaw.
		The uprising collapsed, reprisals followed and the state of war lingered on until the outbreak of World War I. The Tsar scrapped the remnants of the administrative autonomy of the Kingdom.
	www.poloniatoday.com /history9.htm (1785 words)

	Antoni Gorecki - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		He was born in 1787 in Wilno, where he finished the primary school.
		In 1802 he started studying at the Faculty of Literature of the University of Wilno, where he became friends with Joachim Lelewel.
		In 1830 he again volunteered for the Polish Army and served during the November Uprising against Russia.
	www.americancanyon.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Antoni_Gorecki (325 words)

	Operation Tempest - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		According to the plan, the Uprising was to be ordered by the Commander in Chief when the defeat of the Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front is apparent.
		The uprising was to be started in the Central Poland: General Gouvernement,, Kraków Voivodship, Białystok area and Brześć region.
		The first part was an armed uprising in the East (with main centres of resistance in Lwów and Wilno), before the advancing Red Army.
	www.lexington-fayette.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Operation_Tempest (1276 words)

	List of Polish uprisings
		The Polish concept of uprising is derived from the system of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, where the citizens were supposed to play an important role in the governing of the country.
		Following the example, national uprising were perfectly organised movements against the oppressors.
		Many of them occurred during the century of uprisings (1764-1864), and were, with small exceptions, all defeated.
	knowledgefun.com /book/l/li/list_of_polish_uprisings.html (119 words)

	Leo Melamed: Escape to the Futures - Sugihara's Stand
		In the nineteenth century, Wilno became the center of Jewish enlightenment and later a flourishing source of Hebrew and Yiddish literature, with Yiddish and Hebrew secular schools, and a diversified Jewish press.
		The war was closing in on Wilno, and the city's life lines of goods were being squeezed along with the psyches of its inhabitants.
		He wanted Wilno back from the Lithuanians, and while he was at it, he took back all of Lithuania, along with Estonia and Latvia.
	www.zchor.org /bialystok/melamed4.htm (4638 words)

	1944 Warsaw Uprising \| Warsaw Life
		Upon hearing the news of the Uprising, Himmler was so furious that he decreed that the whole city and its population should be destroyed as an example to the rest of Europe.
		Just a few days after the Uprising began the Germans sent a chilling message to the insurgents, executing at least 30,000 citizens in what is now referred to as the Wola massacre.
		Other Poles and advocates of the Uprising state that the reason for the insurgency had little bearing on what the Russians were or weren’t doing — it was that they simply had to make some gesture of defiance to the Nazis and to fight for their freedom.
	www.warsaw-life.com /poland/warsaw-1944-uprising (3213 words)

	Wilno Uprising (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Wilno Uprising (also known as Operation Ostra Brama) was the armed struggle started by the Home Army against the Nazi occupiers of Wilno, during World War II.
		It started on July 7 1944 as a part of a plan of all-national uprising nick-named Operation Tempest and lasted until July 14.
		Commander of the Wilno Home Army District, gen. Aleksander Krzyżanowski "Wilk;, decided to regroup all partisan units in the north-eastern Poland for the assault - both from inside the city and from the outside.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/wilno_uprising (443 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The November Uprising (1830-1831) was an armed rebellion against Russia's rule in Poland.
		Submitting to strong pressure brought to bear upon him, Chlopicki, who condemned the conspirators and considered the uprising an act of madness, consented to command the army temporarily, in the hope that it would be unnecessary to take the field.
		He advocated the transfer of the campaign to Lithuania and the selection of as remote a field of operations as possible to spare the country the devastation incident to war, and to shield the native sources of food supply.
	www.alanaditescili.net /index.php?title=November_Uprising (3794 words)

	Armia Krajowa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Even these light infantry units were as a rule armed with a mixture of weapons of various types, usually in quantities sufficient to arm only a fraction of the unit's soldiers.
		In 1944 it acted on a broad scale, notably in initiating the Warsaw Uprising, which broke out on 1 August 1944.
		During the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943, AK units tried twice to blow up the ghetto wall, carried out holding actions outside the ghetto walls, and together with GL forces sporadically attacked German sentry units near the ghetto walls.
	www.hartselle.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Polish_Home_Army (1817 words)

	Warsaw Uprisings
		Factual knowledge of the Warsaw Uprising, inconvenient to Stalin, was twisted by propaganda of the People's Republic of Poland, which stressed the failings of the Home Army and the Polish government-in-exile, and forbade all criticism of the Red Army or the political goals of Soviet strategy.
		From 1956 on, the image of the Warsaw Uprising in Polish propaganda was changed a little bit to underline that the soldiers were indeed brave, while the officers were treacherous and the commanders were characterised by disregard of the losses.
		The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of 1943 is sometimes confused with the Warsaw Uprising of 1944.
	www.lonympics.co.uk /WarsawUprisings.htm (5880 words)

	Vilnius
		After Napoleon's defeat and after the November Uprising in 1831 the Vilnius University was closed and Russian repressions halted the further development of the city.
		After the failure of the uprising all liberties were halted and use of the local languages was banned due to the russification policy.
		In July 1944 the Polish Home Army - Wilno Uprising - and then the Red Army seized Vilnius, which was shortly afterwards incorporated into the Soviet Union and made the capital of the newly created Lithuanian SSR.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/v/vi/vilnius.html (2638 words)

	World War 2: Polish Underground State
		The chief task of the AK was to prepare and execute a general uprising in Poland coordinated with the Allies in the final phase of the war, which would liberate Poland from the occupant in one fell swoop.
		The on-going struggle concentrated on self-defence (freeing prisoners and hostages, defence against pacification measures), and striking at the occupant's apparatus of terror (the physical liquidation of Gestapo and SS functionaries).
		In the face of the resumed Soviet offensive of 19 January 1945, the AK was dissolved.
	www.warsawuprising.com /state.htm (878 words)

	The Forum of the 1.Jagdmoroner Abteilung - Polish war hero - Witold Pilecki
		During the Warsaw Uprising in 1944, Pilecki fought without even revealing his military rank at first-as a private first class, then as commander of the 2nd Company of the 1st Battalion of the Chrobry Group II that was active from Jerozolimskie Avenue to Zelazna Street.
		Prime Minister Cyrankiewicz (a former Auschwitz inmate and co_founder of the leftist resistance movement in the camp) refuted the claim made in court that Pilecki had been a founder of the resistance movement in Auschwitz, and also refused to support the request for clemency.
		The hero of Auschwitz and the Warsaw Uprising, a man who heroically resisted the Germans and Soviets, was shot by his communist countrymen in Rakowiecka prison in Warsaw on May 25, 1948.
	www.1jma.dk /topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=6504 (866 words)

	Vilnius - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		In 1655 Wilno was captured by Russian forces, pillaged and burned, and the population was massacred.
		During the January Uprising in 1863 heavy city fights occurred, but were brutally pacified by Mikhail Muravyov (nick-named The Hanger by the population because of the number of executions he organized).
		After the failure of the uprising all liberties were halted and the Lithuanian, Polish, and Belarusian languages were banned.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=32597 (2582 words)

	Milosz's A B C's
		Wilno always was a city verging on a fairy tale, although when I lived there I never noticed that aspect of it.
		It was only in 1900, however, that the Societas Szubraviensis (the Scoundrels' Society) was resurrected and held its weekly meetings in the House Under the Sign of the Dogcatcher, in a building, that is, with a view of the statue of Muravyov the Hangman.
		The Wilno Review was a publication of Polish-speaking Wilno, but it took a stand against the incorporation of Wilno into Poland and in favor of restoring the multiethnic Grand Duchy, with Wilno as its capital, and criticized Józef Pilsudski for renouncing the federal idea.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/m/milosz-abc.html (1382 words)

	The Mineyko family
		The farm was 49 kilometers from Wilno and 15 kilometers from Oszmiana.
		She was born in 1906 in Wilno and spent her childhood in the same city.
		The Soviets recaptured Wilno and Zygmunt was taken prisoner and released in February 1946.
	pages.interlog.com /~mineykok/info.html (13073 words)

	The Mineyko family
		The farm was 49 kilometers from Wilno and 15 kilometers from Oszmiana.
		She was born in 1906 in Wilno and spent her childhood in the same city.
		The Soviets recaptured Wilno and Zygmunt was taken prisoner and released in February 1946.
	www.interlog.com /~mineykok/info.html (13073 words)

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