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Topic: Wilson loop

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Loop quantum gravity

Topological quantum field theory

Confinement

Immirzi parameter

Unruh effect

Heyting algebra

NTLDR

Boyne Mountain

Gary Ward

Thelarche

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	Wilson loop - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In gauge theory, a Wilson loop is a gauge-invariant observable obtained from the holonomy of the gauge connection around a given loop.
		Wilson loops were introduced in the 1970s in an attempt at a nonperturbative formulation of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), or at least as a convenient collection of variables for dealing with the strongly-interacting regime of QCD.
		Wilson loops played an important role in the formulation of loop quantum gravity, but there they are superseded by spin networks, a certain generalization of Wilson loops.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wilson_loop (434 words)

	Loop - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In mathematics a loop is a quasigroup with an identity element.
		A loop is one of the fundamental structures used to tie knots.
		A loop or looping with an aircraft is an aerobatic maneuver.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Loop (475 words)

	Loop quantum gravity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Loop quantum gravity (LQG), also known as loop gravity, quantum geometry and canonical quantum general relativity, is a proposed quantum theory of spacetime which attempts to blend together the seemingly incompatible theories of quantum mechanics and general relativity.
		Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is a proposed theory of spacetime which is built from the ground up with the idea of spacetime quantization via the mathematically rigorous theory of loop quantization.
		The main claimed successes of loop quantum gravity are: (1) that it is a nonperturbative quantization of 3-space geometry, with quantized area and volume operators; (2) that it includes a calculation of the entropy of fl holes; and (3) that it is a viable gravity-only alternative to string theory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Loop_quantum_gravity (2033 words)

	Wilson loop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In gauge theory, a Wilson loop is a gauge-invariantobservable obtained from the holonomy of the gauge connection around a given loop.
		The action of Wilson loop operatorshas the interpretation of creating an elementary excitation of the quantum field which is localized on the loop.
		Wilson loops were introduced in the 1970s in an attempt at a nonperturbativeformulation of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), or atleast as a convenient collection of variables for dealing with the strongly-interacting regime of QCD.
	www.therfcc.org /wilson-loop-37824.html (334 words)

	Loop quantum gravity - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It was developed in parallel with loop quantization, a rigorous framework for nonperturbative quantization of diffeomorphism-invariant gauge theories.
		Leading advocates of loop quantum gravity consider it the main competitor of string theory as a theory of quantum gravity.
		The current position (as of 2004) is not symmetrical, in that string theorists are generally not concerned with loop quantum gravity, or they are skeptical that there is any real competition.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Loop_quantum_gravity (2008 words)

	Encyclopedia: Wilson loop
		In differential geometry, the holonomy group of a connection on a vector bundle over a smooth manifold M is the group of linear transformations induced by parallel transport around closed loops in M. There is an analogous notion for connections on principal bundles over M. The holonomy group of a...
		Events and trends Although in the United States and in many other Western societies the 1970s are often seen as a period of transition between the turbulent 1960s and the more conservative 1980s and 1990s, many of the trends that are associated widely with the Sixties, from the Sexual Revolution...
		A spin network is a graph whose edges are associated with representations of a Lie group, G and vertices are associated with intertwiners of the edge reps adjacent to it.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Wilson-loop (1358 words)

	Read about Wilson loop at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Wilson loop and learn about Wilson loop here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In gauge theory, a Wilson loop is a gauge-invariant observable obtained from the
		Alexander Polyakov to formulate the first string theories, which described the propagation of an elementary quantum loop in spacetime.
		parallel transport of the identity around the loop which would give an element of the Lie group G. Note that a path-ordered exponential is a convenient shorthand notation common in physics which conceals a fair number of mathematical operations.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Wilson_line (433 words)

	Wilson loop -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In (Click link for more info and facts about gauge theory) gauge theory, a Wilson loop is a gauge-invariant observable obtained from the (Click link for more info and facts about holonomy) holonomy of the (Click link for more info and facts about gauge connection) gauge connection around a given loop.
		The problem of (The state of being confined) confinement, which Wilson loops were designed to solve, remains unsolved to this day.
		Wilson loops played an important role in the formulation of (Click link for more info and facts about loop quantum gravity) loop quantum gravity, but there they are superseded by (Click link for more info and facts about spin network) spin networks, a certain generalization of Wilson loops.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/w/wi/wilson_loop.htm (476 words)

	3 History of Loop Quantum Gravity, Main Steps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Loop quantum gravity is based on the formulation of classical general relativity, which goes under the name of ``new variables'', or ``Ashtekar variables'', or ``connectio-dynamics'' (in contrast to Wheeler's ``geometro-dynamics'').
		The difficulties of the loop representation in the context of Yang-Mills theory are cured by the diffeomorphism invariance of GR (see section 6.8 for details).
		The loop representation was introduced by Rovelli and Smolin as a representation of a classical Poisson algebra of ``loop observables''.
	relativity.livingreviews.org /Articles/lrr-1998-1/node6.html (1734 words)

	Encyclopedia: Loop quantum gravity
		Quantum gravity is the field of theoretical physics attempting to unify the theory of quantum mechanics, which describes three of the fundamental forces of nature, with general relativity, the theory of the fourth fundamental force: gravity.
		Main article: history of loop quantum gravity General relativity is the theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915.
		The Immirzi parameter (also known as the Barbero-Immirzi parameter) is a numerical coefficient appearing in loop quantum gravity, a nonperturbative theory of quantum gravity.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Loop-quantum-gravity (4133 words)

	UMass Amherst : In the Loop : People : Wilson inducted into distance learning hall of fame
		President Jack M. Wilson was inducted into the United States Distance Learning Association (USDLA) Hall of Fame and recognized as an outstanding pioneer in distance education during the organization’s conference held Oct. 11-13 in San Francisco.
		Prior to becoming president of the UMass system, Wilson was the founding CEO of UMassOnline, where he worked with the five campuses to build one of the largest externally directed online programs in the country.
		“Jack Wilson is one of the true pioneers in the field of distance learning,” said David Gray, the CEO of UMassOnline.
	www.umass.edu /loop/people/articles/6534.php (295 words)

	Jason Hollinger: Hiking: Mt. Wilson Grand Loop
		There's a water fountain here by the huge parking area, which you are likely to have all to yourself if you get a sufficiently early start and are making good time.
		It would be wise to be familiar with the forth leg before trying the whole loop in a single day, because you are likely to do at least part of it in the dark.
		I made it to the top of Mt. Wilson before it even opened to the public -- that's usually a hard half-day hike.
	alumnus.caltech.edu /~hollin/hiking/wilson_loop.html (780 words)

	Chicago ''L''.org: ''L'' Operations - North Side Express Operations
		In 1907, a second, separate terminal was added at Wilson, small stucco station house designed by architect Arthur U. Gerber with two platforms on the Evanston Avenue (Broadway) side of the yard was built at ground level known as Lower Wilson.
		By 1907 the Loop had already reached capacity, requiring the original three lines to reopen their stub terminals at Congress, Market and Wells, which were closed when the Loop opened.
		The express tracks were on the outside and the local tracks were the two inside ones, the opposite as south of Wilson.
	www.chicago-l.org /operations/lines/route_ops/north.html (1930 words)

	Experts question need for 840's north loop - UrbanPlanet.org
		While most of the southern loop has been completed, the study criticizes the planning for the remaining southwestern section, between Franklin and Dickson, and said more attention needs to be paid to environmental issues.
		The northern loop has been in the planning and discussion stage for many years and has drawn criticism from environmental groups and some property owners whose land would be affected.
		The southern loop is a 78-mile, four-lane, controlled access highway that passes through Wilson, Rutherford, Williamson and Dickson counties.
	www.urbanplanet.org /forums/index.php?showtopic=284 (1593 words)

	Center vortex model of confinement
		At increasing coupling (`temperature') the average size of vortex loops increases and at a critical value the vortices percolate (a macroscopic fraction of them will rund through the whole lattice).
		Suppose that the average length of the loops is
		It is clear that the area law is to be the correct asymptotic behavior of Wilson loops percolated vortices are a neccessity.
	www.physics.uc.edu /suranyi/conf-lectures/node23.html (987 words)

	New York Daily News - Baseball - Wilson throws Yanks for loop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Wilson was as surprised as anyone to hear that Soriano was sitting for Game 5.
		Said Wilson: "Jeter is supposed to be there but he wasn't, so I tried to get the ball back to Boonie.
		Wilson fared better at the plate, going 2-for-4 with a run-scoring double in a ninth inning that looked like the Yankees might be staging another comeback.
	www.nydailynews.com /sports/baseball/story/130256p-116361c.html (408 words)

	Citebase - Wilson Loop and Dimensional Reduction in Non-Commutative Gauge Theories
		Wilson Loop and Dimensional Reduction in Non-Commutative Gauge Theories
		We study the behavior of the Wilson loop in the (5+1)-dimensional supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with the presence of the solitonic object.
		We postulate that the Wilson loops are located at the mimimum length scale R in the fifth radial coordinate.
	citebase.eprints.org /cgi-bin/citations?archiveID=oai:arXiv.org:hep-th/0104232 (1544 words)

	Citebase - 't Hooft and Wilson loop ratios in the QCD plasma
		The spatial 't Hooft loop measuring the electric flux and the spatial Wilsonloop measuring the magnetic flux are analyzed in hot SU(N) gauge theory.
		The ratio of the multicharged Wilson loops is calculable and identical to that of the 't Hooft loops.
		Spatial 't Hooft loops of strength k measure the qualitative change in the behaviour of electric colour flux in confined and deconfined phase of SU (N) gauge theory.
	citebase.eprints.org /cgi-bin/citations?archiveID=oai:arXiv.org:hep-ph/0102022 (1250 words)

	Hiking Around Las Vegas: Red Rocks, Wilson's Pimple Loop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Wilson's Pimple is the little hill as the base of Mt. Wilson (view west).
		At the base of the hill, we split up, agreeing to meet back at "the trail intersection." I looped around the west side of the hill and checked a route connecting the Oak Creek Trail from the Scenic Loop with the Oak Creek route from the old campground.
		Liz walked around the east side of the hill to the creek, then hiked back and waited at "the intersection." Although I expected to find her at an intersection closer to the creek, I could see her in the distance with my binoculars, and we met at a trail intersection out in the flats.
	www.birdandhike.com /Hike/Red_Rocks/Wilson_Pimple/W_Pimple.htm (1453 words)

	Springfield Interchange Project Photos - June 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The long elevated bridge is the 2-lane express flyover ramp from the Beltway Inner Loop (from Wilson Bridge) to I-95 south.
		Phase 5 involved widening the outer loop of the Beltway west of I-95, slightly relocating the outer loop of the Beltway in the I-95 interchange area, and realignment of the ramp from I-395 south to I-495 west, and widening the Capital Beltway from I-395 west to Braddock Road.
		In the foreground is the 2-lane express flyover ramp from the Beltway Inner Loop (from Wilson Bridge) to I-95 south.
	www.roadstothefuture.com /Springfield-Int-Proj-Photos-Jun05.html (1578 words)

	Woodrow Wilson Bridge - Construction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Replacing the Wilson Bridge is an extraordinary project and it is crucial that we begin the dredging operation this fall," said Maryland State Highway Administrator Parker F. Williams.
		The Maryland Department of Transportation’s State Highway Administration (SHA) is moving Woodrow Wilson Bridge construction forward with a July 2 advertisement of the drawspan portions of the twin bridges, for both the inner and outer loops of the Capital Beltway.
		The estimated completion date for the first bridge (outer loop) is late 2005 and for the second bridge (inner loop) is late 2007 to early 2008.
	www.roadstothefuture.com /Woodrow_Wilson_Bridge_Const.html (14358 words)

	Chicago ''L''.org: ''L'' Operations - North-South Through Routings
		The Loop was terribly congested (since all trains terminated there) and riders and politicians like had been unhappy with the need to pay a second fare when transferring to another line for some time.
		In the Loop, all trains began operating in a counterclockwise manner, with Northwestern and South Side trains on the outer track and Metropolitan and Oak Park trains on the inner track.
		The outlying branches were never to reach the Loop (directly) again, waiting out their lives until they were each eventually abandoned.
	www.chicago-l.org /operations/lines/route_ops/north-south.html (776 words)

	Articles - Lattice gauge theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Yang-Mills action is rewritten using Wilson loops over plaquettes (it's simply a character evaluated over the composition of link variables around the plaquette) in such a way that the limit
		A disadvantage of the Wilson action is that the difference between it and the continuous action is proportional to the lattice spacing a.
		Lattice gauge theory has been shown to be exactly dual to spin foam models provided that the only Wilson loops appearing in the action are over plaquettes.
	lastring.com /articles/Lattice_gauge_theory?... (618 words)

	Monopoles or vortices?
		First of all, they considered Wilson loops and Polyakov lines for particles of higher charge.
		When one calculated Wilson loops one can calculate them for objects other than the fundamental representation `quarks'.
		This contradicts to the notion that the monopole gas is responsible for disordering Wilson loops.
	www.physics.uc.edu /suranyi/conf-lectures/node26.html (433 words)

	OSU Physics: Calendar of Events
		Description: The standard prescription for calculating a Wilson loop in the AdS/CFT correspondence is by a string world-sheet ending along the loop at the boundary of AdS.
		For a multiply wrapped Wilson loop this leads to many coincident strings, which may interact among themselves.
		In such cases a better description of the system is in terms of a D3-brane carrying electric flux.
	www.physics.ohio-state.edu /calendar/event.php3?id=1093 (135 words)

	Rim Trail via Mount Wilson loop
		Climb the Mount Wilson fire road, passing Henniger Flats at mile 2.7, The trail head to Idlehour trail at mile 3.4, The Trail head to Winter Creek at mile 7.6 with connections to the Mount Wilson Trail & Chantry Flats.
		You reach Mount Wilson in about 10 miles with an elevation gain of 4300 feet.
		Mileage correction From Mount Wilson to Chantry Flats, it is 10 miles.
	www.mtbr.com /trails/California-L.A.Area/RimTrailviaMountWilsonloop.html (1286 words)

	Summer 2002 Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The formulation of QCD on a discrete spacetime lattice, first proposed by K.G. Wilson in 1974, has proven to be very successful in addressing many of these otherwise intractable problems.
		The paper describes an application of their method to a particular observable, the Polyakov loop, and shows that errors may be reduced by as many as five orders of magnitude when compared to those for a bare measurement made in an equivalent amount of computer time.
		Morningstar and his collaborators, I developed programs to test the applicability of these techniques to the measurement of Wilson loop correlation functions in both SU(3) in 3+1 dimensions and SU(2) in 2+1 dimensions.
	physics.bu.edu /~rbabich/sum2002.html (324 words)

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