
	Where results make sense

Topic: Wind resistance

Related Topics

Paintball

Viaduct

Moodna Viaduct

1904

In the News (Sun 27 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Science of Cycling: Aerodynamics: page 1
		Bicycle racers are aware of the problem of wind resistance and over the years have developed techniques for reducing it.
		But the faster the cyclist goes, the more wind resistance he experiences, and the more energy he must exert to overcome it.
		On a flat road, aerodynamic drag is by far the greatest barrier to a cyclist's speed, accounting for 70 to 90 percent of the resistance felt when pedaling.
	www.exploratorium.edu /cycling/aerodynamics1.html (767 words)

	runners (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Because resistance is proportional to the square of the runner's speed minus the wind, a head wind reduces a runner's speed more than a tail wind aids it.
		Running at high altitudes can increase speeds by 1.5 to 2.0 percent because wind resistance is less due to the lower air density, although this does not explain all of the benefit.
		Wind resistance can be reduced significantly by clever design of clothing, which can improve sprint times by as much as 1.5 percent.
	www.smm.org /boghopper/runners.html (480 words)

	Headwinds, Crosswinds and Tailwinds by Jobst Brandt
		Unlike wind resistance, climbing effort does not diminish at lower speeds, which is partly why bicycles are used mostly in the flatlands.
		Wind drag is a nonlinear function of the relative wind.
		The wind tunnel data was expressed in units of drag related to the rider's size and units of measure.
	www.sheldonbrown.com /brandt/wind.html (796 words)

	WBDG: Wind Safety of the Building Envelope
		Wind striking an exterior wall exerts a positive pressure on the wall, which forces air through openings and into the interior of the building (this is analogous to blowing up a balloon).
		For example, consider a window: the glass must be strong enough to resist the applied load and the glass must be adequately anchored to the window frame, the frame adequately anchored to the wall, the wall adequately anchored to the foundation, and the foundation adequately anchored to the ground.
		Where the basic wind speed is equal to or greater than 110 mph, the dam height should be between 3" to 4" (the higher the wind speed, the higher the dam).
	www.wbdg.org /design/env_wind.php (14859 words)

	High Wind- and Impact-Resistant Asphalt Roofing Shingles
		Between 1991 and 1995, wind and hail resulted in an average of $8 billion in insurance payouts each year, and wind and hail damage to roofs comprises a significant portion of this cost.
		By withstanding impacts and high wind, the interior is not exposed to the elements, which could create a hazard to both the structure and the occupants.
		Wind resistance limited warranties are generally for winds of between 100 and 130 mph.
	www.toolbase.org /Technology-Inventory/Roofs/wind-resistant-asphalt-shingles (670 words)

	ICFA - Insulating Concrete Form Association
		Debris driven by high winds presents the greatest hazard to homeowners and their homes during tornadoes and hurricanes.
		The concrete walls successfully demonstrated the strength and mass to resist the impact of wind driven debris.
		Wind speeds are less than 150 miles per hour in 90 per cent of tornadoes.
	www.forms.org /index.php?act=windresistance (678 words)

	Wind Testing At PRI Asphalt Technologies
		TAS 100-95, Test Procedure for Wind and Wind Driven Rain Resistance of Discontinuous Roof Systems is the procedure which consists of testing shingles with underlayment and ventilation devices used in the roofing system.
		The wind speed is ramped between 0 for 10 minutes and 35, 70, 90, for 15 minute intervals and at 110 mph for 5 minutes.
		TAS 108-95, Test Procedure for Wind Tunnel Testing of Air Permeable, Rigid Discontinuous Roof Systems is the procedure which tests wind resistance of tile roof assembly and determines the aerodynamic properties of the tile.
	www.priasphalt.com /windtest2.html (321 words)

	Boston.com / News / Boston Globe / Opinion / Editorials / Wind resistance
		Because Cape Wind plans to locate all its turbines in federal waters, the role of the state siting board is only to rule up or down on the twin 18-mile underground transmission cables that would connect the turbine field with a utility switching station in Barnstable.
		Cape Wind officials said this was unnecessary; that the Army Corps report contained nothing of significance relating to the cables that was not available to the staff before it made its decision in July.
		Cape Wind deserves to be measured on its merits, not on whether it can outlast its opponents and a governor who supports renewables in words but not actions.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/editorial_opinion/editorials/articles/2005/03/21/wind_resistance (537 words)

	Wind
		Wind gusts of 80 miles per hour are not uncommon in these areas.
		These winds can tear off, or repeatedly lift and weaken the roof covering, eventually threatening its ability to protect the interior of the building from moisture.
		Interestingly, roofs are frequently damaged on the downward side of a roof/house due to the upward lifting forces generated by the vacuum created as wind passes over the ridge (highest point) of the roof.
	www.endur-allroofing.com /wind.htm (294 words)

	Wind resistance of asphalt shingles \| Technology Today \| June 1999 \| Professional Roofing Magazine
		A test panel assembly is considered to have passed the test when the full shingle tabs are restrained from lifting or the locking ears (e.g., interlocking shingles) are not torn loose or disengaged during the test.
		Asphalt shingle roof systems now must be designed to resist basic wind speeds (i.e., 80 to 110 mph [36 to 49 m/s]) adjusted for building height above grade, building exposure, wind-gust effect and wind-importance factor (i.e., a classification of a building's relative hazard risk) as prescribed by the code.
		As a result of these code changes, existing wind test results for asphalt shingles based on ASTM D 3161 or UL 997 are deficient in satisfying the intent of the building codes' wind uplift resistance provisions.
	www.professionalroofing.net /past/june99/tech.asp (752 words)

	Car Talk Bulletin Boards: cruise control - wind resistance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the talk about cruise control it is mentioned that the wind resistance increases by the square of the speed.
		That is true with regard to the actual power required to overcome just the "wind resistance," but it is not true that the total power required (or fuel consumed) increases by 85%.
		All other resistances (tire rolling resistance, engine friction, etc) are also the same for Car A at 50 mph as for Car B at 100 mph.
	cartalk.com /board/showflat.php?Cat=0&Number=373539&Main=373539 (1029 words)

	WIND TUNNEL CLOSED LOOP DESIGN FEATURING STRAIN GAUGE INSTRUMENTS INVENTOR NELSON KRUSCHANDL, WRIGHT BROTHERS ...
		The designer of BE1, 2 and 3, Nelson Kruschandl, built a series of small wind tunnels to refine the aerodynamics of his vehicles.
		Air temperature and wind speed were also monitored and smoke could be trailed over models to visualize airflow, to highlight problem areas.
		A wind tunnel is a research tool developed to assist with studying the effects of air moving over or around solid objects.
	www.speedace.info /wind_tunnel.htm (1272 words)

	Stevens Point Journal - Wind turbine powers area farm
		It is built to withstand winds of up to 120 mph, with three legs set ten foot deep in more than two truckloads of reinforced concrete.
		With the average 12-14 mph wind in this area, the annual output is estimated to be enough to supply four average homes.
		In winds above 25 mph, a spring tension setup allows the blades to twist up to 60 degrees to reduce wind resistance and avoid over-speeding the rotor.
	www.baywinds.com /new/Windturbinepowersareafarm.htm (807 words)

	PCA - Bookstore: Investigation of Wind Projectile Resistance of Insulating Concrete Form Homes
		The study compares the differences in inherent resistance to debris driven by high winds, between concrete wall systems and standard residential construction.
		As a result, the disaster resistance of homes built with ICF wall systems is a significant advantage of this construction technology.Ten wall specimens were subjected to the impact of a 15-pound 2x4 wood stud traveling at speeds as high as 119 miles per hour.
		Wind speeds are less in 99 percent of tornadoes occurring in the United States.Hurricane wind speeds will be less than the equivalent speeds modeled here.
	www.cement.org /bookstore/profile.asp?id=617 (481 words)

	wind resistance
		Cycle racers are aware of the problem of wind resistance and over the years have developed techniques for reducing it.
		Direct friction occurs when wind comes into contact with the outer surface of the rider and the cycle.
		The shorter the distance the larger the decrease in wind resistance.
	www.cobr.co.uk /e-cobr_information/n_and_l_cyclists_section/sections/science_of_cycling/wind_resistance.shtml (841 words)

	2.972 How A Sail Boat Sails Into The Wind
		The greater the wind pressure and the greater the area of the sail, the greater the wind force.
		The sail must be slightly angled The largest speeds are obtained while sailing as close to the wind as possible, while the sail chord is approximately co-linear with the boat's centerline.
		When the wind speed is low, the sail is "let out" a bit to generate more lift, and thus more driving force.
	web.mit.edu /2.972/www/reports/sail_boat/sail_boat.html (983 words)

	Texas Tech University :: WISE - Storm Shelters - Protection from Exterme Wind
		Thus, if one side of the overpass was protected from the highest wind speeds as the tornado approached, that same side of the bridge will be completely exposed to the wind and flying debris as the tornado moves away and vice-versa.
		Avoiding Wind Damage: A Checklist for Homeowners from the Federal Emergency Management Agency is a good starting place to assess your home's wind resistance.
		Even when the tornado approach direction is known the winds of the tornado are spinning; so depending on which part of the tornado passes over the house, the winds on the wall could be from any direction.
	www.wind.ttu.edu /Shelters/WindProtection.php (2935 words)

	WK6614- Wind Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Calculation Method).
		The method calculates the force exerted on the shingle by the action of wind at a specified velocity, and compares that to the mechanical uplift resistance of the shingle.
		A shingle is determined to be wind resistant at a specified wind velocity when the measured resistance exceeds the calculated force for that velocity.
		Asphalt shingles; roofing; waterproofing; sealant bond strength; factory-applied sealant; wind resistance; shingle mechanical uplift resistance; calculated wind resistance; fan induced wind; uplift pressure coefficients; wind uplift force; shingle stiffness.
	www.astm.org /DATABASE.CART/WORKITEMS/WK6614.htm (164 words)

	The Weight vs. Wind Resistance Tradeoff - metric version - by Nick Hein (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The total force resisting forward motion of a vehicle comes primarily from the effects of slope, rolling and wind resistance.
		It may improve understanding of this equation if you look at the wind resistance terms as being 1 / (W/D) and recognizing that W/D is exactly analogous to L/D for aircraft –; it is the slope (or glide angle) at which a given speed can be maintained in the absence of any power input.
		An interesting exercise is to evaluate the wind resistance term at 32 km/hr (20 mph).
	www.wisil.recumbents.com /wisil/hein/hpvpaper.htm (2795 words)

	Concrete Thinker - Disaster Resistance
		Concrete is resistant to wind, hurricanes, floods, and fire.
		Concrete is resistant to tornadoes, hurricanes, and wind.
		Clay roof tiles resisted wind forces better than asphalt shingles but were apt to shatter if hit by flying debris.
	www.concretethinker.com /Papers.aspx?DocId=329 (3361 words)

	374-Measurement of Wind Load Resistance on Drilling Structures
		The primary objective of this JIP is to provide test data that may be used to verify the existing and proposed methodology for the determination of wind load on drill rig systems.
		Based on offshore failures of masts and platforms that have occurred, it is apparent that the likelihood of failure of masts may be higher than that of the surrounding superstructure.
		Wind tunnel testing has been completed and the data will be used to model the wind effects on drilling structures.
	www.mms.gov /tarprojects/374.htm (202 words)

	Pole & Wind Load Information ::: Solar Outdoor Lighting
		All street light poles are rated to carry certain loads in winds up to the maximum as can be expected in the region where they are installed.
		All outdoor lighting projects are carefully specified, using these wind load speeds, to insure the structural integrity in high winds of the poles and their mountings.
		Additional reinforcements can and will be made in areas where high wind situations occur to ensure that the PM Series complies with all codes for the area.
	www.solarlighting.com /resources_windload.html (520 words)

	Seismic and wind resistance - Oldhouseweb.com
		The coasts of the Gulf of Mexico, the south- and mid-Atlantic coast, the coastal areas of Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands and Hawaii as well as the U.S. territories of American Samoa and Guam are vulnerable to hurricanes in the late summer and early fall.
		Debris, such as small stones, tree branches, roof shingles and tiles, building parts and other objects, is picked up by the wind and moved with enough force to damage and even penetrate windows, doors, walls, and roofs.
		In general, the stronger the wind, the larger and heavier the debris it can carry and the greater the risk of severe damage.
	www.oldhouseweb.com /stories/Detailed/12161.shtml (877 words)

	Boston.com / News / Boston Globe / Opinion / Editorials / Wind resistance
		THE ARMY Corps of Engineers' draft environmental report on the Nantucket Sound wind farm project is becalmed in the doldrums of the Army bureaucracy.
		Both proponents and opponents of Cape Wind's plan for 130 wind turbines over a 25-square mile area deserve to see the corps's draft report now to judge whether it provides a fair and thorough assessment of the proposal.
		While current laws require such projects to pass environmental muster, there is no system yet for awarding access to large sections of ocean surface on a competitive basis with firms bidding for leases for the most promising sites.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/editorial_opinion/editorials/articles/2004/10/18/wind_resistance (504 words)

	Protecting Your Home from Wind
		During high winds, wind speeds fluctuate and may change directions, placing pressure on all parts of the building structure.
		When wind speeds are high, pieces of debris can also become "airborne missiles" that may penetrate the structure and possibly injure your family.
		By maintaining a "sealed envelope", keeping the outside wind from getting into your home, you may be able to minimize damage to your home and reduce the potential for injury.
	www.statefarm.com /insurance/homeowners/wind.asp (696 words)

	NIST Determines Actual Wind Loads Used to Design World Trade Center Towers
		As reported today, the clarified original design wind load estimates all exceed those established by the New York City building code prior to 1968 (when the WTC towers were designed) and through 2001 (when the towers were destroyed).
		Sunder also announced that the NIST investigation team has completed an independent analysis to determine the wind loads that would be appropriate for use in designing the towers in accordance with the current state of the art—rather than the building codes in effect in the 1960s.
		Wind load capacity is a key factor in determining the overall strength of a tall building and is important in determining not only its ability to withstand winds but also its reserve capacity to withstand unanticipated events such as a major fire or impact damage.
	www.nist.gov /public_affairs/releases/wtc_wind_loads.htm (402 words)

	Weather Resistance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Metal roofs are one of the most durable and weather resistant roofing materials on the market today and have the highest UL ratings for fire, wind, and impact resistance.
		Unlike shingles, tile, or shake, vertical seam metal roofs are installed with a continuous piece that extends the entire way from the eave (lowest part of the roof) to the ridge (highest part of the roof).
		Metal roofs are highly resistant to staining from algae, mold, or mildew growth.
	www.unioncorrugating.com /weather.html (665 words)

	Physics: Wind resistance and running
		The wind resistance is called Drag, same as in discussions about aerodynamic streamlining of cars and planes.
		I consulted with Kevin Johnson, another of the experts, and he told me that the "calories" used in discussions in diet and fitness writing are kilocalories to a physical scientist.
		Work fighting the wind is real work, but most calories are spent in ways that are harder to calculate.
	en.allexperts.com /q/Physics-1358/Wind-resistance-running.htm (794 words)

	Cedar Plus
		The wind velocity during the test exceeded 100 miles per hour.
		Additional static uplift tests on cedar shakes and shingles prove that wind resistance exceeds 130 mph.
		Wind is a concern in all regions of the United States and roofing products should withstand a minimum 70 mph wind speed.
	www.cedarplus.com /technology/perform/wind.html (282 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)