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	Wind tunnel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Wind tunnels were often limited in the volume and speed of airflow which could be delivered.
		The wind tunnel used by German scientists at Peenemünde prior and during WWII is an interesting example of the difficulties associated with extending the useful range of large wind tunnels.
		Wind tunnel tests in a boundary layer wind tunnel allow for the natural drag of the earth's surface to be simulated.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wind_tunnel (815 words)

	Wind Tunnel Technology, Aerodynamics
		In a return-flow wind tunnel the return duct must be properly designed to reduce the pressure losses and to insure smooth flow in the test section.
		Wind tunnels with moving ground are used by the automobile industry, by racing cars teams, by the truck industry and for high-speed trains.
		It is an atmospheric low speed wind tunnel, with a test section of 8m x 6m, which allows investigations on relatively large models, wings with up to 5 m span, full aircraft configurations with under-carriage, control surfaces, etc. There is a possibility to use a moving ground facility.
	aerodyn.org /WindTunnel/ttunnels.html (1116 words)

	NASA's Wind Tunnels fact sheet
		Wind tunnels have been among the key tools which have made American aircraft and aeronautical equipment the most desired and most widely used in the world.
		Airflow in a wind tunnel is produced and conditioned in several ways to simulate flight at the speeds, altitudes and temperatures that would be encountered by particular kinds of aircraft.
		A wind tunnel is often identified by the size of its test section, as opposed to the overall size of the tunnel.
	oea.larc.nasa.gov /PAIS/WindTunnel.html (2052 words)

	Wind Tunnel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The heart of the wind tunnel is the test section where a scale model is supported in a carefully controlled airstream that produces a flow of air about the model that duplicates the full-scale aircraft.
		Although the form of a wind tunnel can vary, all wind tunnels have a drive system, a test section, use a model that is supported in an airstream and whose characteristics are measured by test instrumentation.
		The wind tunnel allows the aerodynamic forces of lift, drag, and side force in reference to the tunnel axis (the axial centerline of the test section) to be measured.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Dictionary/wind_tunnel/DI46.htm (140 words)

	Small Wind Tunnel
		This wind tunnel is an excellent size for educational and amateur aerodynamics as well as economical professional flow visualization experiments on small parts or models.
		The fan is not nearly as noisy in the wind tunnel as it was in the grain dryer.
		If any of you should happen to build a wind tunnel in your garage be prepared to find people standing in your driveway scratching their heads and being known in the neighborhood as the people with the "thing" in their garage.
	www.geversaircraft.com /wt/wtsmall.htm (1904 words)

	The Wright Brothers' Wind Tunnel
		It was, in fact, the first wind tunnel in which small models of wings were tested and their lifting properties accurately noted.
		Wilbur does not claim to have invented the first wind tunnel, Edme Mariotte published a description of a wind tunnel in "Traite du mouvement des eaux" in 1686, and Wenham and Browning constructed one in the 1870's.
		The Wrights relied primarily on parametric data of components, while most modern wind tunnel tests are conducted on models which are as accurate a representation of the aircraft design as limitations of the tunnel and of the model size permit.
	www.wrightflyer.org /WindTunnel/testing1.html (1092 words)

	NASA - NASA FactSheet
		In its simplest form, a wind tunnel is an enclosed structure that lets researchers simulate the same conditions an aircraft would encounter as it flies through the atmosphere.
		In a wind tunnel, a highly instrumented aircraft model or an aircraft part (component) is held in place while air moves past it to simulate flight conditions.
		In closed-cycle operation, the tunnel air is recirculated; in open-cycle operation, the air is muffled and exhausted to the outside in a controlled discharge because combustion byproducts cannot be recirculated.
	www.nasa.gov /centers/glenn/about/fs05grc.html (2820 words)

	Wind Tunnels - Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The components of a wind tunnel are arranged to deliver, to the test section, a flow whose velocity is as near as possible uniform in space and independent of time.
		This type of wind tunnel is not a good idea - the entry has to re-ingest the exit flow after it returns through the laboratory, probably with significant swirl and low-frequency unsteadiness.
		Closed-circuit tunnels have more uniform flow, in principle, than type (ii), and are the usual choice for large tunnels, but care is needed to maintain good flow at the entrance to the contraction.
	vonkarman.stanford.edu /tsd/pbstuff/tunnel (618 words)

	Wind Tunnel Lab
		Wind Tunnel experiments are used in meteorology and engineering sciences to investigate flow over and around obstacles, such as mountains, airplane wings, or vehicles, under controlled conditions.
		Although the wind tunnel will run a little faster, it gets really noisy (especially if everyone is trying for high speed at the same time); thus we will only reach about 14 m/s.
		Now you will measure the effect on wind on a model vehicle, and by a method of extrapolation called "scaling" (not to be confused with scaling fish or scaling climbing walls), estimate the effects of high winds on real vehicles.
	wxpaos09.colorado.edu /windtunnel (2426 words)

	Wind Tunnel
		Wind erosion is the removal of soil from the land by wind.
		One of the tools used by the WERU (Wind Erosion Research Unit) scientists is the wind tunnel, a tube-like structure or passage in which wind is generated, by a large fan and flows over the soil surface to simulate wind in natural field conditions.
		Finally scientists are using wind tunnels to study the effect of blowing dust on the health of plants, animals and humans.
	www.oznet.ksu.edu /fieldday/kids/wind/wind-tunnel.htm (446 words)

	Our Research Project - Wind Tunnels
		A wind tunnel is generally sort of a duct or pipe shape and air is either blown or pulled out of the tunnel.
		Wind tunnels can be small devices that fit on a table or be as big as several city blocks like one of the tunnels at NASA Ames.
		So the team decided that we would add smoke into the wind tunnel - if you've never seen this before its very cool and you'll be able to see the flow deflect and separate and the air change from smooth to rough (or transition from laminar to turbulent as the aerodynamicists would say).
	wings.avkids.com /Tennis/Project/wind-01.html (492 words)

	Wind tunnel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		At present, "wind tunnel" modeling is still in an early and relatively crude stage, and cannot be expected to precisely reproduce numerical results.
		Advances in wind tunnel technology and model fabrication are expected to proceed at a rapid pace.
		While the wind tunnel may never fully replace the computer, it is almost certain to become the most useful engineering tool of the future.
	www.coolingzone.com /Guest/News/NL_March_2001/Zahed/wind_tunnel.html (632 words)

	Wind tunnel Teacher's guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Before building their own wind tunnel, the Wright brothers employed an unconventional testing machine: a bicycle with a third wheel mounted horizontally on the front of the frame.
		contraction cone: the section of a wind tunnel where a large volume of low-velocity air is reduced to a small volume of high-velocity air by reducing the cross-sectional area of the tunnel.
		diffuser: the section of a wind tunnel where the velocity of the airflow is reduced by flowing it into a part of the tunnel with increasing cross-sectional area.
	observe.arc.nasa.gov /nasa/education/teach_guide/tunnel.html (1106 words)

	Historic Wind Tunnel Wins New Lease On Life
		For almost 65 years, NASA Langley’s Full-Scale Wind Tunnel in Hampton was among the biggest and best on the planet, a place where aerodynamic researchers gained a comprehensive understanding of the effects of air flow and air resistance on a variety of large objects.
		The university’s long-term plan is to equip the tunnel for testing cars, trucks and trains — an investment that is drawing the keen interest of major manufacturers as well as racing teams for whom wind tunnel time is a valuable and scarce commodity.
		The tunnel is still the second largest in the United States in terms of test section size, and is one of the four largest in the world.
	www.odu.edu /ao/instadv/quest/HistoricWindTunnel.html (852 words)

	Fullscreen panoramas of onera's wind tunnel, by laurent thion
		The tunnel is not used anymore and it was recently saved from destruction and is now classified as an historic building.
		This wind tunnel was built between 1932 and 1934 and it made possible the testing of a real plane of 12m, with ignited engine and pilot on board.
		The wind tunnel is 120m in length and 25m high.
	vrm.vrway.com /projects/INSIDE_A_WIND_TUNNEL (89 words)

	Wind Erosion--Wind-tunnel experiments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Wind speeds that correspond to particle movement across the surface are recorded from a tube anemometer at several heights above the surface midway across the working section (photo).
		PSA will also be done on sediment trapped in a filter at the send of the wind tunnel to compare moved particle size with the population of particles in the soil.
		PSA will also be done on sediment trapped in a filter at the end of the wind tunnel to compare moved particle size with the population of particles in the soil.
	esp.cr.usgs.gov /info/sw/windtunnel (341 words)

	Read about Wind tunnel at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Wind tunnel and learn about Wind tunnel here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Octave Chanute invented and built a simple wind tunnel in 1901 to study the effects of airflow over various shapes while developing their revolutionary
		Peenemünde prior and during WWII is an interesting example of the difficulties associated with extending the useful range of large wind tunnels.
		The Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel Laboratory at the University of Wesern Ontario (http://www.blwtl.uwo.ca/Public/Facilities.aspx), London Canada
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Wind_tunnel (673 words)

	Wright Bros. Wind Tunnel Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		MIT's Wright Brothers Wind Tunnel's primary use is for student projects, research and instruction, however it is also available for commercial research and development.
		The tunnel can be operated between 0.25 atmospheres and 20 atmospheres, making it the only non-government pressurized wind tunnel in the United States.
		It should be noted that the test section is not isolated from the main tunnel: during non-atmospheric operration the entire tunnel must be pumped or evacuated to make model changes, rendering the operation inefficient in terms of data points per hour.
	web.mit.edu /aeroastro/www/labs/WBWT (297 words)

	"Flights of Inspiration" - First Flight
		Now, the current of wind is inside the wooden box, blowing on the balance which is positioned on the base of the box.
		The balance was mounted on the floor of the wind tunnel and, then, an airfoil was placed on the balance for testing.
		Today's wind tunnels are built on the same principles that the Wright Brothers used.
	www.fi.edu /flights/first/tunnel1.html (573 words)

	Risky Buildings
		The wind tunnel itself is housed within a larger building comprising a five-storey tower surrounded by lower, two-storey blocks and basement in a U-shaped configuration.
		The 24’ Wind Tunnel is currently designated for reuse, although a wide number of potential occupiers are currently under consideration, from car manufacturers to film studios.
		The Transonic Wind Tunnel is currently planned to be a display building, seen as a piece of sculpture within the heritage quarter, lit at night and with no specific function.
	www.riskybuildings.org.uk /docs/15wind (579 words)

	Wind Tunnel
		This wind tunnel had a test section of 19 inches by 27 inches with 120 mph airflow.
		As they made progress in their aircraft design they needed a larger wind tunnel with a force measurement system.
		Information on renting these tunnels is also available if you have something to test whether it is aircraft, automotive, sports, RC models, building related, or whatever the case may be.
	www.geversaircraft.com /wt (210 words)

	WIND TUNNEL CLOSED LOOP DESIGN FEATURING STRAIN GAUGE INSTRUMENTS INVENTOR NELSON KRUSCHANDL, WRIGHT BROTHERS ...
		The designer of BE1, 2 and 3, Nelson Kruschandl, built a series of small wind tunnels to refine the aerodynamics of his vehicles.
		Air temperature and wind speed were also monitored and smoke could be trailed over models to visualize airflow, to highlight problem areas.
		A wind tunnel is a complex piece of engineering.
	www.speedace.info /wind_tunnel.htm (1026 words)

	Extreme Sports Cafe - Wind Tunnel
		The heart of the wind tunnel is the test section, in which a scale model is supported in a carefully controlled airstream, which produces a flow of air about the model, duplicating that of the full-scale aircraft.
		These tunnels have a variety of safety nets and air bags surrounding them some shaped like cones, and others are simply open with a large airbags or catch-nets surrounding the air column.
		In fact Vertical Wind Tunnel flying bears little resemblance to the sport of skydiving, but is intertwined due to the benefits skydivers experience when practicing their freefall skills in the tunnel.
	www.extremesportscafe.com /skydiving_tunnel.html (1493 words)

	Wind Tunnel Encyclopedia Article, Information, History and Biography @ LaunchBase.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Wind Tunnel - Bargain Prices - Shop fast.
		Wind Tunnel: Compare Prices - Shop for Vacuums and other Home Appliances.
		CPP, Inc.'s wind engineering boundary layer wind tunnels, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
	www.launchbase.com /encyclopedia/Wind_tunnel (971 words)

	wind tunnel on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		WIND TUNNEL [wind tunnel] apparatus for studying the interaction between a solid body and an airstream.
		The vertical tunnel uses five fans to pull air through the platform at 120 miles per hour.
		takes shelter behind a truck against strong wind and heavy snow 07 February 2002, duirng an avalanche rescue operation near the Salang Tunnel that connects north and south Afghanistanpeople were dead as they were trapped in the tunnel for the last two days.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/w1/windtunn.asp (993 words)

	LDAPS: Curriculum: Wind tunnel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The ideal flow straightener for the 7 X 10 inch wind tunnel is a 1/4 inch cell by 1 inch thick phenolic or aluminum honeycomb.
		These lines are used as a reference for setting tunnel models at zero degrees angle of attack prior to testing.
		If the wind tunnel is to be used in a classroom environment, or you are worried about the possibility of a model going through the fan (with catastrophic results), a model safety screen can be added between the fan blades and the Centerbody.
	www.ceeo.tufts.edu /ldaps/htdocs/curriculum/tunnel.html (2095 words)

	NASA Quest > Aerospace Team Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Their 18" wing tunnel was used to test wing shapes and curvatures which helped to unlock the secrets of lift and drag and shed new light on 20th century aerodynamics principles.
		They will bid on the best wind tunnel design (which they, themselves, select) and will engage in the actual construction of wind tunnels built specifically for classroom use.
		These local wind tunnels will be built with the intention of using them for future education outreach and support of ADTO aeronautical projects.
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /aero/events/collaborative/wind_tunnel.html (1604 words)

	Case Wind Tunnel
		The tunnel recently underwent a major reconstruction effort during which all of its features, including flow quality, instrumentation, operability, flexibility, and noise and vibration levels, were significantly improved.
		The wind tunnel was originally constructed in the late 1940s as part of the Propulsion Laboratory that was located on the present site of Case's Glennan Building.
		Upon the construction of the Glennan Building, the tunnel was moved to the second-floor fluid-mechanics laboratory, where it is still located.
	mae1.cwru.edu /mae/Pages/Facilities/WTL/WTL_Home.htm (351 words)

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