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Topic: Windbreak

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	Windmotor as a windbreak - Patent 4175910
		This invention relates to a windmotor as a windbreak fence.
		A windbreak has been defined as "a growth of trees, a structure of boards, or the like, serving as a shelter from the wind".
		None of them was developed to be primarily a windbreak fence at ground level in areas where strong ground winds are prevailing.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4175910.html (2103 words)

	NAC \| Windbreak Management
		The level of management is determined by the age of the windbreak, climate and soil conditions, and the objectives for the windbreak.
		As the windbreak matures, these between-the-row vegetation strips should be reduced in size and eventually eliminated to reduce competition with the expanding roots of the trees.
		But in a windbreak situation it is the structure (the amount and arrangement of the leaves and branches) of the entire windbreak that determines its effectiveness.
	www.unl.edu /nac/brochures/ec1768/index.html (3347 words)

	Welcome to the Center for Plasticulture at Penn State
		In multiplerow windbreaks, the height of the tallest tree-row determines the value of H. On the windward side of a windbreak, wind speed reductions are measurable upwind for a distance of 2 to 5 times the height of the windbreak (2H to 5H).
		Windbreak density is the ratio of the solid portion of the barrier to the total area of the barrier.
		On the north side of an east-west windbreak, soil temperatures, especially in the early spring, are lower due to shading by the windbreak.
	plasticulture.cas.psu.edu /WindBreaks.html (1522 words)

	Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture - Windbreak Technology for Wild Blueberry Fields
		In many crops, windbreaks have been shown to improve the climate in the field by increasing temperature and humidity, improving the water balance, and by reducing erosion, pesticide drift and mechanical damage to the crop.
		Windbreak effectiveness is a function of the height of the windbreak and its density or porosity.
		Ideally, windbreaks should be located at right angles to the prevailing wind direction, however 45o to either side of this orientation can still provide reasonable protection (see Figure 1.) In most of New Brunswick, the prevailing winds are from the southwest during the summer, and from a westerly direction in winter.
	www.gnb.ca /0171/10/0171100001-e.asp (2097 words)

	The Effect of Windbreaks
		Furthermore, windbreak health might be improved by this interaction with the forest environment: seed-dispersing animals could bring seeds from windbreak trees and nearby forests and promote woody recruitment under windbreaks.
		In particular, I examined windbreak width, percent light transmittance, windbreak tree density, windbreak tree species richness, percent of windbreak trees with bird or mammal attracting fruit, percent of native windbreak trees, and percent of coniferous windbreak trees.
		I selected windbreaks for study based on the following criteria: grazed pasture fronted the row of trees on both sides; fencing on both sides protected the plants growing under the trees from livestock herbivory; and the ages of the trees were between approximately 5 and 15 years, as determined from farmers.
	www.speakeasy.org /~solberg/tapavientos.htm (2059 words)

	Windbreaks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		"A windbreak is a planting usually of both trees and shrubs that is designed and established to reduce the undesirable effects of strong winds," says Don Hanley, WSU Extension Forester.
		Windbreak plantings are just like any other landscape planting, the trees need care and attention to be able to live and grow.
		A windbreak should be located so that it’s at a right angle to the prevailing winds, or as nearly as possible to a right angle.
	www.treesforyou.org /Selection/Articles/windbreaks.htm (1326 words)

	Windbreaks for Livestock Operations, EC 94-1766
		Windbreaks play an important role in the protection of livestock, particularly in young animals and in areas with cold northerly winds during the winter and early spring.
		One disadvantage of the design is that, due to the close spacing, renovation of the windbreak may be required earlier in the lifespan of the windbreak.
		A windbreak designed to protect livestock must take into account a number of different factors and should be designed to meet the specific needs of the site, the farm operation, and the land owner's preferences.
	ianrpubs.unl.edu /forestry/ec1766.htm (2575 words)

	NAC \| Windbreak Renovation
		Windbreak is composed of a single species and all trees are approximately the same age.
		In the area adjacent to the windbreak there are often depressed yields due to competition between the crop and the trees for moisture and nutrients and due to the shade created by the windbreak.
		Consider adding a second windbreak, locating it 15 to 20 H to the lee of the first new windbreak, where H is the potential height of the new windbreak in 20 years.
	www.unl.edu /nac/brochures/ec1777/index.html (3013 words)

	Windbreaks for Poultry Farms
		Since windbreaks reduce the force of the wind blowing against the buildings and, in turn, the amount of cold air entering the building, unprotected poultry houses, with poorly fitting doors, numerous cracks or gaps and poor-quality curtains could probably benefit greatly from a well-designed windbreak.
		Windbreak density is the ratio of the solid portion of the windbreak to the total area of the windbreak.
		Windbreaks are an old technology used to reduce wind speed but they also have the potential to visually screen poultry houses from public view, disperse odors, dust and noise before these pollutants have a chance to affect the neighbors.
	www.thepoultrysite.com /articles/384/windbreaks-for-poultry-farms (1857 words)

	Windbreak Plants for Wind Control and Shelter Belts
		Plant as a specimen, or as a windbreak, plant 20Æ apart in the row.
		Planted as a hedge, screen, windbreak, or to line a road or drive, you can expect this tree to be over 20Æ tall and 15Æ wide in just three years.
		When used in windbreaks, it should be placed in east or south inside rows and works best in partial shade to full sun.
	www.taoherbfarm.com /herbs/resources/windbreak.htm (3936 words)

	Windbreaks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Windbreaks exist to bear the brunt of the wind and salt, anything else they do is a bonus (or a bane), they save your plants, stop the gales howling through your windows and you from being blown over when you go out the door.
		A third approach is a to form a series of mini windbreaks over a whole area, creating an overlapping and discontinuous canopy of trees and shrubs so filtering the wind as it passes through their crowns.
		For the windbreak material there are quite a variety of types, Netlon, Tensar, Paraweb and the cheapest, knitted polythene monofilament (like a tough plastic hessian it is usually only good for about a year in very exposed sites, though this is usually long enough) are the most common materials.
	www.gcnursery.co.uk /windbreak.html (3376 words)

	Windbreak Planning
		Windbreaks can be planted to provide protection from the wind for people near a homesite, livestock on rangeland or around a feed lot or protection for crops growing in a field.
		For example, if a windbreak is 30 feet tall, wind speed is reduced by 50 percent 300 feet downwind from the windbreak.
		Windbreak rows do not have to be placed in straight east-west or north-south rows but generally should be perpendicular to prevailing winds.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/CoopExt/Adams/sa/windbreak.htm (809 words)

	Windbreak (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Especially the windbreak gives some very fine conditions for the growth of plants and trees, because a close wall or a hoarding creates turbulence and thus whirlwinds and an increased wind speed occur.
		Windbreak in connection with the vegetable garden gives a far bigger yield because the windbreak prevents destructive wind turbulence that is harmful for the plants.
		The windbreak is also good for covering of garden frames instead of glass windows.
	www.novanet-fritzlar.de /Novanet-English/Windschutz.php (210 words)

	Beacon Power Installs Its Next Generation 6kWh Flywheel System At WinDBreak Cable
		WinDBreak Cable uses the Beacon Power flywheel energy storage systems to ensure steady, uninterrupted electric power for cable TV and high speed Internet services for its customers.
		Bill Bauer is one of the pioneers of the cable industry.
		As one of our first customers, WinDBreak Cable embodies the commitment to excellence in customer service that is aided by our technology," stated Bill Capp, president and CEO of Beacon Power.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/energy-tech-02a.html (444 words)

	Backyard Gardener - Windbreaks, July 2, 2003
		Windbreak structure - height, density, species composition, length, orientation, and continuity - determines it's effectiveness in reducing wind speed and altering the microclimate.
		Windbreak height is the most important factor determining the downwind area protected by a windbreak.
		On the windward side of a windbreak, wind speed reductions are measurable upwind for a distance of 2 to 5 times the height of the windbreak.
	ag.arizona.edu /yavapai/anr/hort/byg/archive/windbreaks.html (683 words)

	The Overstory #32--Multipurpose Windbreaks
		Although planting windbreaks is an investment that takes some land out of production, well-designed windbreaks have often been shown to protect the health and productivity of crops enough to make the overall return positive.
		The main drawback of having timber as a secondary yield from a windbreak is that wind stress or damage may compromise the timber tree’s form or produce timber of poor quality.
		Also, since windbreak trees should be pruned only sparingly or not at all, the lack of pruning may reduce timber yields on certain species that require a lot of pruning for optimal timber production.
	www.agroforestry.net /overstory/overstory32.html (1621 words)

	Plant species for Windbreaks
		Windbreaks are not a place for fragile plants.
		Windbreaks that are more than 60 feet wide are extremely beneficial to wildlife.
		As you make the windbreak wider it might occur to you that perhaps you can use plants that offer other benefits...fruit, nuts, fall color, or firewood.
	my.voyager.net /~jhecksel/Windbreak.html (706 words)

	Tree Windbreak & Shelterbelt Design
		During the 1930's, establishment of windbreaks for farmstead protection was very intensive; at one time, the goal of the windbreak program was to establish a demonstration windbreak in every township in the state to encourage additional windbreak planting.
		Windbreaks reduce wind speeds, control snow drifting and accumulation in farmsteads, provide wildlife habitat, enhance farmstead value, and provide a more pleasant environment.
		The inside row of the windbreak should be 50 feet away from the protected site (to minimize snow accumulation) or with wider windbreaks 100 feet from the outside rows..
	www.ag.iastate.edu /departments/forestry/topics/misc/wbdesign.html (478 words)

	Laramie County Conservation District - Seedling Trees
		Windbreaks should be planted on the sides of your property that face prevailing winds.
		The maximum distance from your windbreak to the area you wish to protect should be no more than 300 feet.
		Fallowing the fall before planting is essential for dry land windbreaks to allow moisture to accumulate during the winter.
	www.lccdnet.org /trees/seedling_trees.html (1988 words)

	Windbreak Project
		Windbreak establishment does not end once the seedlings are planted.
		Windbreaks also need watering during prolonged dry fall and winter periods to prevent injury or death to the plant root systems.
		For protection from domestic animals, the windbreak should be fenced to exclude animals.
	www.plains.net /~ycd/new_windbreak_care.html (454 words)

	G5900 Planning Tree Windbreaks in Missouri, MU Extension
		Windbreak research has indicated that heat energy savings of up to 40 percent are possible when you use windbreaks.
		Windbreaks placed too close to houses and other buildings result in snow drifting in the very areas that should be free of snow.
		Summer windbreaks usually consist of one or two rows of plants located to the south and west of the area to be protected.
	muextension.missouri.edu /xplor/agguides/forestry/g05900.htm (3109 words)

	Storm damaged windbreak repair - Tree care: Minnesota DNR
		While the damage may seem unbelievable, and the windbreak unsavable, there may be portions or individual trees that may be saved.
		When evaluating a damaged windbreak look at the trees individually, the damage to each tree may be different.
		The restoration of a windbreak is an important conservation measure, and as such, there may be assistance available for restoration or renovation.
	www.dnr.state.mn.us /treecare/maintenance/windbreak.html (480 words)

	Soil tillage and windbreak effects on millet and cowpea: II. Dry matter and grain yield
		This study was conducted to determine the influence of ridges and windbreaks on growth, water use and grain yield of millet and cowpea.
		Protection by windbreaks spaced 6 and 20 m apart resulted in a 48 to 90% increase in early millet TDM and a 74 to 89% improvement of cowpea ground cover.
		Although windbreaks may not increase yields of two important Sahelian crops, they may help stabilize longterm crop production by conserving the soil and providing additional marketable commodities if an appropriate selection is made of type of windbreak and species planted.
	www.uni-hohenheim.de /i3v/00068900/17704041.htm (315 words)

	kansas deer habitat wildlife windbreak (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Deer habitat ranges from large contiguous woods, to grass lands, to isolated windbreaks, to compartmental farm fields.
		When it comes to deer habitat this windbreak of trees are the only trees on this 1,600 acres ranch.
		So the quote "This is too good to be true" would be appropriate if it included a guide service, as it does not we are what we advertise and it is up to the hunter to make his own hunt on the best deer habitat the Association can lease.
	www.mahadeer.com /western_kansas.htm (877 words)

	Homestead Magazine - Yard and Lawn : John Deere (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Of course, a windbreak should run perpendicular to the direction of the wind you’re trying to block.
		That leads to the most common problem with windbreaks in snow country - the trees are often planted too close to a house, road, or driveway when they should be planted 150 to 200 feet away.
		Fortunately, notes Jim Brandle, shelterbelt ecologist at the University of Nebraska, landowners who already have a windbreak planted too close to their house can add a snow trap of trees or tall shrubs 100 feet or so upwind to protect their windbreak from at least some of the snow blowing its way.
	www.deere.com /en_US/ag/homestead/articles/yardandlawn/against_the_wind_fall05.html (987 words)

	Chicago South Unit: Master Gardener Q and A
		Since a windbreak is a fixed feature of a property (and possibly an expensive one), real planning should precede a rush to purchase plants.
		Since density is the most important feature of a windbreak in an urban setting, coupled with ease of maintenance, arborvitae, junipers, and yews might be the first choices.
		For a windbreak that will be allowed to grow tall and wide, Norway spruce and Douglasfir are recommended for Illinois: each has a dense branching pattern that will effectively deflect wind.
	www.urbanext.uiuc.edu /mgqa/?questionID=2 (491 words)

	Reduce Heating Bills with Energy Efficient Landscaping
		Another option is to combine low-lying shrubs and strategically placed deciduous trees that work together to allow the sun’s radiant rays to warm the house in the winter while slowing wind velocity closest to your home.
		Air circulation is also very important for efficient windbreaks, so make sure that the mature plantings are not too dense or they could cause a vacuum effect which leads to a dead zone of cold air around the home.
		You can achieve up to 50 percent wind reduction when the windbreak is situated at a distance of five to seven times the tree height.
	www.bobvila.com /HowTo_Library/Reduce_Heating_Bills_with_Energy_Efficient_Landscaping-Energy_Efficiency-A2395.html (832 words)

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