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Topic: Wing loading

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	Airfield Models - How to Calculate Wing Loading of a Flying Model Aircraft
		The wing loading of an aircraft is the measure of weight carried by each given unit of area.
		Wing loading is the only indicator of how "heavy" an aircraft is. The actual weight of an aircraft is meaningless.
		A larger model can have a higher wing loading and fly comparably to a smaller aircraft having a lower wing loading due to differences in the aerodynamics of different size aircraft.
	www.airfieldmodels.com /information_source/math_and_science_of_model_aircraft/formulas/wing_loading.htm (469 words)

	WING LOADING CHARTS FOR MODEL AIRPLANES
		Wing loadings are figured by dividing the wing area of your plane by 144 to convert square inches to square feet.
		The charts below provide a shortcut to figuring wing loading for those competition events that require a minimum wing loading such as those flown in SAM (Society of Antique Modelers).
		Multiply wing area in square feet by minimum weight in ounces per square feet desired which equals target minimum weight.
	www.modelflight.com /wing.html (196 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Wing loading
		In aerodynamics, wing loading is the loaded weight of the aircraft divided by the area of the wing.
		Wing loading also is a useful measure of the general maneuvering performance of an aircraft.
		Wing loading also affects gust response, the degree to which the aircraft is affected by turbulence and variations in air density.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Wing_loading (953 words)

	Understanding Waterfowl-Wings in Action
		Wing coverts are softer than flight feathers and create a smooth surface for the air to flow over the wing, providing lift and keeping the bird flying efficiently.
		Wing loading determines the size limits of flying birds and puts severe constraints on nearly all large birds.
		Since a diving duck’s wings have a higher aspect ratio and are smaller in proportion to body size and weight, divers have to run across the water to take off and must flap their wings more rapidly to achieve flight.
	www.ducks.org /DU_Magazine/DUMagazineJanFeb2007/2977/UnderstandingWaterfowlWingsinAction.html (911 words)

	DG flugzeugbau GmbH
		DG subsequently produced add-on wing tips for the DG-202 (known as the DG-202/17) increasing the span to 17m.
		wings and add-on tips to increase the span to 17 m.
		wing or a 15 m wing with tip extensions increasing the span to 18 m.
	www.sailplanedirectory.com /dg.htm (1111 words)

	Nitro Airstrike - Remote Control Airplane
		With the Nitro AirStrike’s large wing area and lightweight design, it has a wing loading of only 17.92-oz./sq.ft. The extremely low wing- loading makes this design a truly outstanding trainer.
		The aircraft includes a pre-installed Airtronics VG400 4-channel radio system and our proven M-46 ball bearing engine, which provides enough high-end power for the intermediate flyer while still having the reliability beginners need for low-throttle flight.
		With Nitro AirStrike’s Simple7System (seven wing nuts complete construction) you’ll be literally ready for flight in minutes with a top quality trainer you’ll be proud of at the field."
	www.allyourhobbies.com /mt8901.htm (354 words)

	Density Altitude - Wing Loading Converter - Aerosoftware
		Your effective wing loading may change as the density altitude changes.
		Select the wing loading and density altitudes and click the 'Calculate' button.
		Comment: Jumping your 1 Wing Loading at Sea Level would be as though you decreased your wing loading to 1 at Sea Level Density Altitude.
	www.divemaker.com /trajectory/da.php (117 words)

	Aerodynamics, Wings for All Speeds
		Wing loading is in the range of 120-140 lb/ft² (580-680 kg/m²) on most subsonic commercial transport aircraft.
		As a general rule, a wing aft-sweep of less 30 degrees is required at subsonic speeds, and a sweep of 50 to 60 degrees is appropriate for supersonic cruise.
		Wings with variable in-flight sweep have been proposed for a long time, sometimes they have also been developed (exclusively for fighter aircraft), but they pose challenging problems, such as the shift in the aerodynamic center, with consequences to the whole aircraft stability.
	aerodyn.org /Wings (908 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Wing loading
		Banks lower the wing's lift against gravity and the nose moves toward the earth, so a control must be moved into the air stream (often the rudder) to keep the nose level.
		Its large wings resulted in a low wing loading, and there are disputed claims that this made the bomber more agile than contemporary jet fighters at high altitude.
		Earlier marks of the Messerschmitt design were significantly lighter than later ones as armament, armor, and equipment increased, and while improved engine power maintained the power-to-weight ratio, later models had such heavily loaded wings that their maneuverability suffered badly, eventually tilting the balance in favor of the Spitfire.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Wing_loading (1004 words)

	Wing Loading and Different Sized Airplanes
		One answer is cubic loading, a number which attempts to include the overall size or volume of the plane in the equation.
		This indicates it is not a heavily wing loaded plane, rather one which might be compared to a lightly loaded, sport plane.
		So having looked at wing loading for the three planes and their cubic loading both at the light range and the heavy range, cubic loading seems to me to gives us a better and more accurate method of comparing airplanes of different sizes.
	members.cox.net /moorman1/WingLoading.htm (864 words)

	Wills Wing / Grumman Comparison
		With its variable-sweep wings, the Tomcat is capable of in-flight aerodynamic reconfiguration, allowing flight beyond twice the speed of sound, yet providing approach speeds low enough to land on a boat.
		Deceleration from supersonic to landing speed in the big jet causes the wings to sweep forward from 68˚ aft of perpendicular (to the longitudinal axis) to 20˚.
		Wing loading on the Tomcat is about 90 pounds per square foot with the wings fully forward in their ‘best glide’ position.
	www.flyaboveall.com /willswing_grumman.htm (1512 words)

	ch7-3
		Values of the wing loading from 5 to 10 pounds per square foot were typical, and the 14-pound wing loading of the DH-4 was considered high in 1920.
		For a given atmospheric density, the wing loading is, of course, related to the square of the stalling speed by the value of the wing maximum lift coefficient.
		The wing loading and stalling speeds of the high-performance general aviation aircraft of today are also seen to be in the same order as those of World War II military aircraft.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/SP-468/ch7-3.htm (596 words)

	Performance - Wing Loading, L/D
		Wing loading is a function of the size of the wing, compared to the weight that the wing it is supporting.
		Higher wing loading will allow you to fly further if the lift is strong, because you can now cover more distance in a given three or four hour flight because you have a faster ground speed.
		Higher wing loading will prevent you from flying as far as ships with lower wing loading if the lift is weak, because you will spend much more time circling in lift while the lower wing loaded ships will be climbing faster, and will already be cruising to the next turnpoint.
	www.sonic.net /~pjkelly/tsperf.html (1195 words)

	Monarchs in the Classroom
		We used wing loading in relation to flower color preference because we thought that skinny butterflies might not be choosy because they were hungrier, whereas fat butterflies could afford to be choosy about which flowers they nectar from.
		When considering the wing loading and flower color preference, we failed to reject our null hypothesis which stated that there is no correlation between the flower color preference and the wing loading of migrating monarchs.
		Wing loading did not appear to be a factor in choice of color or native/non-native flowers but this should be investigated further using wild monarchs captured during an actual migration.
	www.monarchlab.umn.edu /research/vs/decatur.html (1810 words)

	High Energy Sports
		These parachute based wings cannot retain their complete inflated shape when not pressurized and are therefore capable of changing shape while in-flight when aggravated to do so.
		The wing collapses, and the rate-of-descent increases rapidly, until the wing is able to re-pressurize.
		A powered parachute wing is in a "metastable" stall when the wing has been dynamically pushed to a very high angle-of-attack relative to the center-of gravity, and all trailing edge control inputs have been locked out.
	www.highenergysports.com /articles/wingstall.htm (1102 words)

	Wing Loading Charts
		Wing loadings are figured by dividing the wing area of your plane by 144 to convert square inches to square feet.
		The charts below provide a shortcut to figuring wing loading for those competition events that require a minimum wing loading such as those flown in SAM (Society of Antique Modelers).
		Multiply wing area in square feet by minimum weight in ounces per square feet desired which equals target minimum weight.
	www.quicktechhobby.com /articles/wing_loading_charts.htm (187 words)

	Monarchs in the Classroom
		Wing loading is being considered as a correlating variable because it describes the relative size (fat or skinny) of the monarchs.
		In addition, wing loading is a direct measurement of the mass of the butterfly divided by the wing length of the butterfly.
		Further studies could be conducted to determine wing loading and flower color preference in native and non-native plants with greater numbers of monarchs.
	www.monarchlab.umn.edu /research/Mig/harlingen.html (1892 words)

	Trainer Design
		For instance, a wing with a chord of 1 meter at a airspeed of 1 m/sec
		Re increases as the airspeed, the air density and the wing chord increases.
		Wing loading is the aircraft's weight divided by the wing area.
	sky.prohosting.com /air2/design.htm (1428 words)

	Reference/Wing Loading The Importance Of
		The wing loading of a model aircraft is vitally important if you are to attain the performance you expect.
		A Spit' would require a loading of 20 to 25 oz sq ft to perform as you would expect, and the pilot would have to be fairly experienced and be able to detect the onset of a stall instinctively.
		A trainer, for instance, would want a wing loading of around 16 to 18 oz sq ft. This is so it's heavy enough to not be blown around by the wind too much, and also to fly at a reasonable speed for good penetration and control surface effect.
	www.fennisflyers.org.uk /id75.htm (1116 words)

	Aerodynamics, Non Planar Wing Systems
		Methods for the analysis of such wings have evolved due to the requirements of minimum induced drag (or drag due to lift) for powered aircraft, and later for endurance flight, flight altitude flight and human-powered flight.
		Wings with endplates, winglets and other tip devices belong to the same category of non-planar systems.
		The benefits of using large wing spans are well known from small perturbation theory: The induced drag grows with the inverse of the aspect-ratio.
	www.aerodyn.org /Wings/noplane.html (524 words)

	Selecting the Right Canopy
		Wing loadings are used as a guide to this combination of size and weight that will determine a canopy’s performance.
		Wing loadings are measured in Pounds (at exit weight) per Square Foot (of canopy area) or “PSF”, and are calculated by dividing the exit weight into the canopy size.
		This wing loading is high enough to start having fun, yet low enough that a competent low time jumper could handle one as a first canopy and still have a canopy they want to be jumping after a couple of hundred jumps.
	www.pierltd.com /new/product_descriptions/wingloading.htm (3689 words)

	Wing Loading And Turn Performance
		The elliptical wing is the ideal subsonic planform since it provides for a minimum of induced drag for a given aspect ratio, though as we shall see, its stall characteristics in some respects are inferior to the rectangular wing.
		This is partly due to the thickness of the wing and the camber (curvature) of the airfoil.
		Using the two hypothetical wings I used in the lift example, the 200 sf wing would produce twice as much induced drag as the 400 sf wing at their max lift coefficients even though both are producing the same amount of lift.
	homepage.eircom.net /~frontacs/WBStored/WingLoadingAndTurnPerf.html (2502 words)

	Tips on buying a paraglider wing
		Then you have a standard wing with a better performance that then school followed by Intermediate and Performance glider and finally we have the competition glider having highest performance level and lowest safety margin.
		Wing loading is used to determine canopy size.
		A low aspect ratio wing is more docile, but does not perform well as the higher aspect ratio wing, providing all factors remain the same.
	www.nirvanaadventures.com /pilots_stuff/buywing.html (566 words)

	Wing Loading
		Wing loading is the ratio of jumper exit weight to canopy size.
		The formula for wing load is the exit weight divided by the canopy size.
		It is common to drop the 1: and call it a 1.5 wing loading.
	www.skydivecoastalcarolinas.com /experienced_wing_loading.htm (193 words)

	loading - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		FMC Technologies is the oil and gas industry's leading supplier of fluid loading and transfer systems.
		Truck Loading Racks, Railcar Loading Platforms, Loading Arms, Swivel...
		In aerodynamics, wing loading is the loaded weight of the aircraft divided by the area of the wing.
	encarta.msn.com /loading.html (225 words)

	Dropzone.com Skydive Forums: Skydiving: Gear and Rigging: WING LOADING
		People do load their reserves higher then that, but usually they understand the risks involved with that and what all that entails.
		Wing loading is a ratio of your exit weight (all geared up, ready to exit) per square footage of the canopy.
		Wing loading is calculated as exit weight (body, rig, clothes, helmet, the whole deal) divided by square footage.
	www.dropzone.com /cgi-bin/forum/gforum.cgi?post=371204 (270 words)

	Van's Aircraft - Aircraft Models: RV-10 Development 1
		He reasons that such a wing does not impair wing drag or lift and that the RV’s good climb rate with short wings is achieved because of a low wing loading.
		Wing loading is, of course, the area of the wing divided by the weight that it must lift.
		Such a wing would require a much bigger horizontal tail, it would be difficult to attach to a sleek fuselage, etc. And on the performance end, we have calculated that, to have climb rates equal to an RV-3, such an airplane would require 321 horsepower.
	www.vansaircraft.com /public/rv-10int1.htm (3271 words)

	[No title]
		Wing loading doesn't affect glide (unless the wing is distorted by the weight) you just go down the same glide angle at a higher speed if you are heavier.
		The reason collapses are more violent on a heavily loaded wing is that the turbulence required to collapse them is more severe, and the speed prior to the collapse may be higher.
		As expected the wing was stable, handling was fabulous and speed was high, but I had to work to climb with people if thermals were less than 4m/s or so.
	www.expandingknowledge.com /Jerome/PG/Aerodynamics/Wing/Loading/2000_10_18_Adrian_Thomas.htm (1155 words)

	Efficiency of Small Reynolds Number Airfoils - Wing Efficiency (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In this formula, W is the mass of the glider, S is the area of the wing, r (rho) is the air density, Cd is the drag coefficient and Cl is the lift coefficient.
		W/S is also the wing loading expressed in ounces per square inch or grams per square centimeter.
		It serves to cause the wing's boundary layer to become turbulent, thereby increasing the efficiency of the airfoil.
	members.aol.com /rickhyman/smallairfoils/pages/wing.html (1268 words)

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