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Topic: Winged keel

	The Starfin designed by Ben Lexcen and Cheyne Horan
		The keel that Ben Lexcen had designed for Australia II was quite controversial and Ben was an inspiration to me. One day we phoned him up and asked if he was interested in working on a surfboard fin which he must have thought would be a breeze after a boat keel!.
		I was amazed and super stoked at how well the new design (which has wings like the winged keel of Australia II) went and still feel they are superior to the standard swept back "tuna fin" design.
		The STARFIN has origins in aeroplane wing design (especially the WWII British fighter the Spitfire) as well as fish and whale fin influences and of course yacht keel designs..
	www.cheynehoran.com.au /starfin.html (511 words)

	Keel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The keel runs in the middle of the ship, from the bow to the stern, and serves as the foundation of the structure, providing the major source of structural strength of the hull.
		Large keels are common in sailboats, where they act as foils, using the forward motion of the boat to generate lift to counter the lateral force from the sails.
		Keels are different from centerboards in that keels are often fixed (though some are retractable) and are often made of heavy materials to provide ballast to stabilize the boat.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Keel (234 words)

	Bulletin - The winged keel story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The idea is similar because both the wings on the keel and the winglets on an airliner are designed to increase the wing (or keel's) aspect ratio.
		The wings also help to corkscrew the boat back into the wind and they move what yachties call the centre of lateral resistance backwards, towards the stern, which means that the boat handles better as it heels.
		The winged keel generates a high-pressure zone under the boat which pushes the trough of that wave upwards, minimising the amount of energy lost because of wave drag.
	bulletin.ninemsn.com.au /bulletin/site/articleIDs/99AD7C360BCD82B2CA256F23000F525A (630 words)

	Australia II
		The winged keel was the most notable design feature of the boat, and helped to make it very fast and manoeuvrable in many conditions.
		The winged keel was an alarming issue during the summer of 1983 as selection trials took place for the coming Cup defense that fall.
		The distraction of the keel, heightened by the tactics keeping it hidden from view until competition was over, may have undermined the NYYC's focus on the competition.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/au/Australia_II.html (467 words)

	Home Page Brochures Contribute Cool stuff Database FAQ Fleets For sale Gallery History JOIN ...
		I thought the wing keel was introduced at one of the Americas Cup races and improved racing performance by reducing leeway when the boat is heeling and improving water flow over the bottom.
		I was on a hunter with a wing keel, and because Hunter had to shorten the rudder to protect it from a short keel, we did a major round up in the middle of a race when a gust of wind put use just a little further over.
		the biggest liability of a winged keel is the fact that the rudder descends to nearly the same depth as the keel.
	www.c34.org /faq-pages/faq-fin.html (2859 words)

	1997 Santana 20 Class Rules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The thickness of the keel section measured down from the hull 20 inches is 3 3/16 inches.
		The thickness of the keel section measured down from the hull 16 inches is 3 inches.
		The thickness of the wings measured 5 1/2 inches from the outboard edge is 3 inches.
	www.s20.org /TheSantana20/S20_characteristics.htm (308 words)

	Taylor Made Systems - Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Unlike centerboards, most keels are fixed in place and not retractable (the exception is the lifting keel).
		A fin keel is small and not attached to the rudder.
		A continuous (full-length) keel runs much of the length of the underbody and is attached to the rudder.
	www.taylormarine.com /glossary/K.html (354 words)

	Australia II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the summer of 1983, as selection trials took place for the Cup defence that autumn, it was unclear whether the keel design was legal within the strict rules governing the 12-metre class.
		Questions also surrounded the Dutch involvement in the design of the keel, which under the rules had to be designed by an Australian.
		The keel design was eventually confirmed as legal while the keel origin controversy remains unanswered.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Australia_II (466 words)

	Boats & Rigging
		Deep water boats are either heavy full-keel boats (the keel runs the entire length of the hull) as used in the Island Packart boats, or have a narrow deep-keel as used in the J-boats.
		Boats with long slender keels are easier to maneuver, but the draft of the boat may be as deep as nine feet, making the boat unsuitable for many shallow areas.
		Keel A fin like structure extending from the bottom of the hull which aids in stabilization and resists lateral movement of the boat under the force of the wind.
	www.sailingusa.info /parts_of_the_boat.htm (1438 words)

	Report On The Rhodes Twenty Two
		Winged keels are certainly not the answer for trailering or shoal draft sailers: They make it more difficult to get a boat on or off a trailer and draw more water than centerboards.
		Winged configurations pick up debris and, since their wetted areas are not variable, they are slower on a run.
		The boat goes on the trailer easier with the underwater guidance of the keel and lowered board that automatically raises; and trailers much better because the center of gravity, with a ballasted external fin, is so much lower than in an emptied water ballast boat.
	www.rhodes22.com /rhodes_report_small.html (5588 words)

	What about keels? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Winged keels have a lot more weight down low which dramatically increases the stability they provide.
		I'm not real convinced that a wing keel when heeled and slightly deeper, but with a right angle in it is more efficient at getting lift than a standard fin.
		Wing keels are good at catching kelp, or anything else floating in the water.
	www.cs.brown.edu /people/jfh/personal_other/boats/FAQ/node16.html (699 words)

	Used Boats for Sale \| A Boat Trader Directory of Yachts and Boats
		The principal parts of the double bottom are the flat keel, vertical keel, floors, intercostal girders, bilge, brackets, tank top, longitudinals, bounding bars and angle clips.
		A piece of timber at the forward extremity of the keel, upon which the lower end of the stem rests.
		Keel: - the timber at the very bottom of the hull fore and aft to which frames are attached.
	www.usedboats.com /nautical-terms-glossary.htm (11970 words)

	What's The Ideal Sailing Rig?
		If the keel is very long and shoal, and the rig is similarly low and spread out with gaffs and bowsprits and multiple masts (like a mid-1800's US coastal fishing schooner) then it is likely that performance will be excellent when reaching or running, but far less than optimum to windward.
		It might be preferred at that point to consider splitting the keel into a deeper portion to contain the ballast, then a shallow portion to contain the shaft alley, then another deeper portion to act as a skeg for the rudder.
		During the design process, once the preferred keel configuration and the preferred rig type are chosen, it is simply a matter of balancing them against each other in order to obtain the required lead for the sail area vs the lateral area, and to place the ballast where required for proper trim.
	www.kastenmarine.com /gaff_rig.htm (4695 words)

	Parker 325 for sale - Yachtsnet Ltd. online UK yacht brokers - yacht brokerage and boat sales (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Parker 325 is a fast modern yacht with a unique lifting wing keel, allowing drying out in comfort and use of cheaper drying moorings.
		With over a ton of lead in the baseplate of the wing keel, and a keel-down draught of 6' 2", she offers excellent sailing performance plus the ability to use drying moorings.
		The keel is hydraulically raised and lowered, normally by electric push-button, though there is a manual backup system.
	www.yachtsnet.co.uk /boats/b21206/b21206.htm (712 words)

	Harken: The Yacht Procyon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The keel canted 35-degrees to each side, with an 8 ft (2.4 m) wing taking the place of a canard- more practical for a cruiser/racer.
		Our conclusion was that putting a wing on a canting keel is one of the most viable and easiest methods of achieving the very significant benefits of a canting keel.
		The performance changed very little and the new keel was a dream after dealing with the frequent testing of the keel's strength from groundings.
	www.sailingsource.com /harken/sailing/procyon.php (547 words)

	Animation Research Ltd - Sporting Graphics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In 1992 ARL developed a 3D graphics package called Winged Keel which delivered real time 3D animations for the America's Cup racing in San Diego.
		The technology was a world first using GPS global positioning to track the yachts, feeding that data ashore to a $500,000 computer the size of a small fridge which created the 3D animations of the yachts racing in real time.
		Winged Keel provides an endless range of camera angles with fast forward and rewind functions available for post race analysis.
	www.arl.co.nz /content/americascup.asp (307 words)

	Boat Design Forums - Scheel Keel and licence fee
		In my opinion, the Scheel keel was an early attempt at a bulbed keel of sorts, and I think later generations of bulbed and winged keels provide better performance.
		Not sure I like winged keels on ocean cruiser designs but dropping Scheel and go for bulbed keel would also help in another area, the problem I have keeping 6' draft and still have good stability.
		I don’t like winged keel on cruiser design for the same, or opposite reason rather, can too easily be damaged in grounding.
	www.boatdesign.net /forum/printthread.php?t=6980 (744 words)

	World Events in the News
		In 1983 Australia II with its secret ‘winged keel’ won the America’s Cup putting an end to America’s 132-year hold of the title—still the longest winning record in modern sports history.
		The winged keel, an innovative design by Ben Lexcen, was heavier than usual and fitted with fins.
		The yacht’s owner, Alan Bond, was careful to hide the keel whenever the boat was out of the water, creating much curiosity and speculation about its design.
	www.slsa.sa.gov.au /exhibitions/boland/event1983.htm (274 words)

	Stateline Western Australia
		And suddenly John was having to try and steer the boat just with the trim tab, which is the little bit on the back of the keel, rather than the rudder.
		JOHN LONGLEY: Ah, look the winged keel certainly was key to the boat.
		And certainly the winged keel was a major innovation.
	www.abc.net.au /stateline/wa/content/2003/s950836.htm (1556 words)

	Winged Canting Keel for Increased Efficiency??? - Boat Design Forums
		So yes the canting keel, a great design which only needs about half the balast of conventional sailboats and increses uprighting force on the boat which both increase the overall speed.
		So when the keel is canted to windward, the wing would provide additional downforce on the keel, uprighting force on the boat, increased sail area, and would also cut down more balast weight, which would lead to more overall efficiency.
		I believe it was Brit Chance who used a wing shaped bulb on the canting keel of Procyon and Julian Bethwaite has recently showed an illustration of a 26 footer using the same basic thing-both relatively high cant angle systems with Bethwaites at 60°.
	www.boatdesign.net /forum/showthread.php?t=8603 (403 words)

	SurferMag Message Boards: Winged Keel--Too Much Pressure? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Am I completely hallucinating and the box is plenty strong to handle the winged keel, or might the winged keel exert too much pressure for the box to handle?
		The keel is so upright that the board will pivot more than huge long carves when surfing off the back of the board and when riding the nose the wings add a little more downward pressure keeping the tail locked down and straight line stability.
		Wings on fins are not ideal (although they can be exciting), try a friggin tunnel fin for God's sake.
	forum.surfermag.com /forum/showflat.php?Number=925535 (318 words)

	Sailboat Kits
		Removable keel; aluminum mast, jib and main booms; spincloth sails; winches, wheel and life-line rails and ropes, deck detailing; stickers for portholes, skylight, solar battery panels, wood plank deck; wooden stand included.
		The glossy hull and keel is one piece molded of strong ABS resin.
		The keel weight is moveable for trimming the boat's draft for competition, and is held in fore/aft position with a single M5 setscrew.
	www.myrc.org /Library/sailbkit.htm (1317 words)

	winged keel
		The keel is a blade underneath a sailing boat that helps to keep the boat upright.
		He was experimenting with a new idea, a keel with wings that flew though the water.
		Lexcent found that yachts could turn much faster and sail a little faster whith his winged keel.
	www.aussiethings.biz /winged_keel.html (133 words)

	A Sea Change for Sailor / High tech turns America's Cup yachting into a race employing wind tunnels, wave tanks and ...
		A critical part of every America's Cup yacht is its keel and torpedo-shaped, winged keel bulb, which can account for as much as 90 percent of a boat's 25 tons of weight.
		The first winged keel was a radical innovation by Australia II in 1983.
		Between races, for example, shore crews may change the wings on keel bulbs to compensate for changes in the weather.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/12/13/MN04SEA.DTL (1524 words)

	Winged Keel Group®
		Winged Keel Group's experience over the past sixteen years has made us one of the leading specialist companies in the design, enrollment, and administration of Executive Long-Term Disability plans.
		Winged Keel Group currently administers over 11,000 portable Long-Term disability policies and insures over 55,000 employees through employer sponsored Long-Term disability benefit plans.
		The average U.S. executive entering the workforce today will have seven jobs in three different industries over the course of his or her career.* Many employers are responding to this reality by creating portable benefits that allow employees to take control of their personal Financial Security Management™.
	www.wingedkeel.com /ltd_over.htm (293 words)

	Bulletin - Winged keel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It increases your riding moment, improves the hydrodynamic efficiency of the keel and, if the wing pitch is right, improves your leeway characteristics and balances the boat.”
		Winged keels are standard equipment on Cup yachts to this day.
		And you’d completely stuff the wings.” You also won’t find one made of anything but lead.
	bulletin.ninemsn.com.au /bulletin/site/articleIDs/9138F081E7ADC1E3CA256F17000F8157 (337 words)

	Wray & Associates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The keel became the focus of the world’s media, and there were even rumours that scuba divers had been engaged to try to sneak a peek at Ben Lexcen’s design.
		Eventually, having secured victory in the seventh and final race on 26 September 1983 (27 September 1983 in Australia), as Australia II was lifted from the water, Alan Bond theatrically ordered the skirt be dropped and the winged keel was exposed.
		Flashbulbs popped as the radical winged design that had seen Australia II to victory was finally revealed to the world’s media.
	www.wray.com.au /article_24.htm (545 words)

	SurferMag Message Boards: Red Tip (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		So maybe there is a place for a real winged keel as trailer for a three fin setup.
		About the red-tip it looks much closer to the keel on Australia II (What a revolutionary piece of nautical engineering that was) than Cheyne and Ben's Starfin.
		I only got the inspiration from it, from hearing about this winged keel and thought about it on a thruster back fin.
	forum.surfermag.com /forum/showflat.php?Number=680100 (1268 words)

	AM Archive - CSIRO Alinghi's secret weapon
		A weather modelling system developed by a CSIRO team allowed Alinghi's crew to anticipate and accommodate important weather shifts, and it's being called the equivalent of the famous "winged keel" of the '80s.
		I mean, originally they called me the "secret weapon" because they did not want the other syndicates to know of my involvement, that they sort of confidentiality, sort of secrecy sort of thing so they didn't try to reproduce what we're trying to do.
		And to some extent, the techniques we're using with the modelling technique, which is very innovative and new, technique can be the equivalent to what the winged keel was for boat design.
	www.abc.net.au /am/stories/s796495.htm (538 words)

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