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Topic: Winnecke 4

	Winnecke 4 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Winnecke 4 (also known as Messier Object 40 or WNC 4) is a double star in the constellation Ursa Major.
		It was discovered by Charles Messier in 1764 while he was searching for a nebula that had been reported in the area by Johann Hevelius.
		It was subsequently rediscovered by Friedrich August Theodor Winnecke in 1863.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Winnecke_4 (126 words)

	M40
		M40, also known as WNC 4 (Winnecke 4, WDS 12222 +5805, SAO 28353 and 28355, TYC 3840:1031 and 3840:0564), is a faint double star originally found by Charles Messier in 1764.
		Winnecke (1869) published the position angle and separation of the pair as 88.0° and 49.2" for the epoch 1863.
		It is concluded that WNC 4, more commonly known as M40, is thus a optically aligned pair of stars, and not physically connected.
	www.weblore.com /richard/m40.htm (1171 words)

	M40 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The two components are of visual magnitudes 9.0 and 9.3, and their separation on the sky is 49 seconds of arc (from Mallas/Kreimer).
		Winnecke, in 1863, had reported a position angle of 88 degrees, which seems to have decreased to 83 degrees since.
		Assuming the primary is a main sequence star, it should be roughly of Solar luminosity, so that one can give an estimate of the order of magnitude of its distance: It should be of the order of 100 parsecs, or 300 light years.
	www.intercom.net /user/shaffer/messier/m40.html (314 words)

	Messier Object 40
		F.A.T. Winnecke, in 1863, had reported a position angle of 88 degrees, which seems to have decreased to 80 degrees until 1966, and further to 77 deg in 1991.
		At the time of Winnecke's discovery, the angular separation of these stars has been determined as 49.2"; it has gradually increased to about 51.7" in 1966, when the Kreimer photograph was taken, and further to about 52.8" in 1991, as measued by the Hipparcos satellite.
		According to his analysis, the brighter component was measured at a distance of 510 light years (corresponding to a parallax of 6.4 milli arc seconds, and a "distance module, m-M", of roughly 6.0 - this is the difference between apparent and absolute magnitude).
	www.seds.org /messier/m/m040.html (928 words)

	The Winnecke Catalog of Double Stars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		August Winnecke (1835-97) published a series of observations, entitled "Doppelsternmessungen" (Double Star Measurements), in Astronomische Nachrichten No. 1738, vol 73, p 147-160, published in Altona, February 8, 1869..
		Winnecke found later that this star had been previously known as double.
		He suspected that "A" might be itself double, to be confirmed under better conditions.
	www.seds.org /messier/xtra/supp/wnc.html (252 words)

	September 4, 2002 - Council Meeting
		President Winnecke: I think we have a procedure....Jim, I think, we need to set this in, and then repeal it later.
		Whether the seller pays for it, the buyer is paying for it, we're not necessarily, I don't think that's a position that a banker would make one way or the other, just as long as that information was available is the most important thing.
		If you can as quickly, as quickly as possible when they are able to come in and do all of what they do down here, get that information back to us, because, obviously, it's going to change the whole picture.
	www.vanderburgh.org /auditor/coun_mins/September/Sep0402cn.htm (3534 words)

	[No title]
		President Winnecke: At this time I would entertain a motion to approve the minutes from our April 6th meeting.
		President Winnecke: It was, from 20 to 10.
		President Winnecke: At this time, I’d remind everyone that the May filing deadline for the June 1st County Council meeting is May 12th.
	www.vanderburgh.org /auditor/coun_mins/May/May0405cn.htm (2445 words)

	Messier Object 40 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Double Star M40 (WNC 4) in ursa Major
		This faint double star was found by Charles Messier when he was searching for a nebula which was - erroneously - reported by the 17th-century observer Johann Hevelius in this vicinity.
		If anyone knows a measured value, or other additional data on this binary, please email me.
	www2.arnes.si /~gljsentvid10/messier/M040.HTM (351 words)

	M40 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		M40 (Winnecke 4), a double star in Ursa Major.
		M40 is the double star known as Winnecke 4.
		However, Messier apparently looked in the wrong place, saw Winnecke 4, thought it matched Helvelius' description, and catalogued it as M40.
	www.ocastronomers.org /gallery/htm-mess/m040.asp (64 words)

	Winter 2001--Cousin Ricky's Astronomy Logs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		My intent was to bag four long-overdue Messier objects, M34, M74, M76, and M77, before they rode off into the sunset.
		Although I only got 3 of the 4, the night was far better than I expected.
		Clouds were patchy all evening, and it seemed that as soon as I'd get the proper region in the finder, a cloud would move in.
	cac.uvi.edu /staff/rc3/astro/logs/log01a.html (1269 words)

	John Mallas: Letter on M40 (S&T 8/1966) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The latter position, precessed from 1765 to 1950, is 12h 20m.0, +58d 22', which agrees almost exactly with the double star Winnecke 4, magnitudes 9.0 and 9.3, separation 49 seconds of arc.
		Image Caption:: The field of M40, Winnecke 4, is the double star right of the center; the very bright star is 70 Ursae Majoris, magnitude 5.7; below this is the 13th magnitude galaxy NGC 4290.
		This is a 10-minute exposure by Evered Kreimer on June 13, 1966, with the cooled camera described on page 106 [in the same Sky and Telescope volume; it is also described in Mallas and Kreimer's Messier Album, p.
	www.delphes.net /messier/xtra/history/mallas66.html (345 words)

	Alpha Centauri's Universe: Exploration Of M40 (Winnecke 4) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Alpha Centauri's Universe: Exploration Of M40 (Winnecke 4)
		The pair was re-observed in 1863 and entered in the catalog compiled by A. Winnecke of the Pulkovo Observatory.
		M40 is several hundred light years away and the two stars are probably close to, or only a few times, solar luminosity.
	www.earthandspace.info /contents/file0374b.htm (112 words)

	M40 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		M40 = Winnecke 4 (12h 22.4m +58°05´, 8.0 mag.
		This double star was included by Messier in his catalogue for unknown reasons - he observed it on October 24, 1764.
		each) were combined with cyan, magenta and yellow-filtered integrations (4 x 30 sec.
	www.astrosurf.com /jwisn/m40.htm (146 words)

	Brian's Astronomy Website (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In some Native American legends the bowl of the dipper is a bear being hunted by 3 hunters, represented by the stars in the handle.
		M 40 or Winnecke 4 was found by Messier when he was searching the area for a faint nebula reported by Johanne Hevelius.
		It turned out that Hevelius was wrong, but Messier noted this pair of stars in his catalog anyway.
	members.shaw.ca /blbattersby/hop/April03.html (621 words)

	Koen van Gorp - Astronomy and Photography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The plan was to go hunt for Comet Bradfield, but I noticed that M6's and M7's positions were about as ideal as they would get from my 51° latitude.
		M6 was fairly easy to find but M7 was hardly 4 degrees above the horizon.
		Still I managed to locate it after consulting my SkyAtlas 2000.0 as a smudge about half a degree above the treetops in the distance.
	users.skynet.be /vangorp/deepsky/messier.html (164 words)

	Our Dark Skies Forums -> My summary of the Messier catalog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It says Hevelius found a nebula there in 1660, and Messier couldn't find anything but the stars, which he split in 1764, but still put them in thinking these are what Hevelius saw.
		In 1863, Winnecke discovered the stars again and now lists them as Winnecke 4 double-star.
		Sometimes I wonder if Hevelius, by some lucky stroke of perfect seeing, saw NGC 4284, 4290, or 4335 which are all close by to M40.
	forums.ourdarkskies.com /index.php?showtopic=4997 (2124 words)

	Ursa Major
		However instead of leaving the matter there, he proceeded to catalogue the stars as his No. 40.
		A hundred years later the stars were catalogued by Winnecke as binaries called "Winnecke 4"; they still go by this name.
		The binary (9.9, 9.3; PA 83 degrees, and separation 49") is found one and a half degrees north-east of delta UMa.
	www.dibonsmith.com /uma_con.htm (2546 words)

	[No title]
		The data are those from the SEDS Messier database, not those in the Handbook, with the "Remarks" taken from the Handbook.
		Lagoon Nebula with open cl. NGC 6530 M17 6618 Sgr 4 18 20.8 -16 11 7.5 11.0 5 !!
		Swan or Omega Nebula !; use nebula filter M18 6613 Sgr 1 18 19.9 -17 08 7.5 9.0 6 sparse cluster; 1 deg S of M17 M20 6514 Sgr 4 18 02.6 -23 02 9.0 28.0 2.2 !!
	www.maa.agleia.de /Messier/E/Xtra/Similar/dataRASC.txt (760 words)

	Messier Club Qualification--Cousin Ricky's Astronomy Logs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Given the information I have about M68, these seemed too bright to be cluster members.
		The cluster was led by 4 field stars in a lopsided chevron formation, with 2 stars facing the northwest and 3 facing the southwest.
		I was unable to identify these in any photograph; as this cluster is not M13, photographs of it are exceedingly rare.
	cac.uvi.edu /staff/rc3/astro/logs/mclublog.html (3011 words)

	Tim Vasquez's Deep Sky Viewing guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Surrounded by so much interstellar matter that it would otherwise shine at magnitude 4!
		About 500 stars, nearly 200 of which are white dwarfs
		A very old cluster; 4 billion years old!
	www.weathergraphics.com /tim/astro/deepsky.htm (3698 words)

	Messier Object Observations and Descriptions Index
		4 6121 GlCl Sco 16:23.6 -26:32 5.6 26.3 6.8
		73 6994 4 St Aqr 20:58.9 -12:38 9.0 2.8 2.0
		Object Type: SNR, Supernova Remnant; Pl N, Planetary Nebula; DifN, Diffuse Nebula; OpCl, Open Cluster; GlCl, Globular Cluster; Sp G, Spiral Galaxy; S0 G, S0 (Lenticular) Galaxy; El G, Elliptical Galaxy; IrrG, Irregular Galaxy; MWP, Milky Way Patch (Star Cloud); 2 St, Double Star; 4 St, Four Stars.
	www.delphes.net /messier/Mdes/dmindex.html (1348 words)

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