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Topic: Winter Soldier Investigation

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	Winter Soldier - The Film \| About The Film
		Winter Soldier documents the "Winter Soldier Investigation" conducted by Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) in Detroit, Michigan in the winter of 1971.
		The film is a rare and raw telling, by soldiers in the war in Vietnam, of the training for and the experience of war, in which young men kill and do horrific things to other human beings, in the name of patriotism and comraderie.
		The Winter Soldier Investigation was an attempt at the process of truth and reconciliation, initiated and carried out by veterans of the war in Vietnam and largely ignored by the government that was continuing to carry on that war.
	www.wintersoldierfilm.com /about.htm (766 words)

	VVAW and the Winter Soldier Investigation (1971)
		Although the media showed little interest in the Winter Soldier Investigation, veterans such as John Kerry, a VVAW leader by 1971, testified about VVAW's investigation in a Senate committee hearing April 22, 1971.
		Richard R. Moser's The New Winter Soldiers: GI and Veteran Dissent during the Vietnam Era (1996) is the latest treatment of this subject.
		Moser's view is that there were "new winter soldiers" in the winter of 1971, those who testified at the VVAW's "Winter Soldier Investigation." Former GIs who had served in Vietnam as citizen-soldiers (nonprofessionals, draftees largely) spoke out as citizen activists for peace and justice.
	www.richmond.edu /~ebolt/history398/VVAW_WinterSoldier.html (736 words)

	San Francisco Bay Guardian \| Arts and Entertainment
		MADE IN 1972, Winter Soldier has the otherworldly yet firmly earthbound immediacy of the best documentaries of its era, in particular, the fl-and-white work of William Klein, Frederick Wiseman, and the Maysles brothers.
		Voices and faces are the main ingredients here: The participants in the Winter Soldier investigation testify to the atrocities they witnessed and took part in while in Vietnam.
		Winter Soldier cuts to the pained faces of onlookers as one soldier talks of phosphorus burning through the flesh of Vietnamese civilians.
	www.sfbg.com /39/48/art_film_winter_soldier.html (756 words)

	John Kerry - Unfit for Command - A Testimony of Lies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The phrase “winter soldier” was derived from pamphleteer Thomas Paine, whose American Crisis on December 23, 1776, contained the now-famous words referring to George Washington’s troops, who braved the depths of snow and cold at Valley Forge through the bitter winter of 1777–78: “These are the times that try men’s souls.
		At the conclusion of the Winter Soldier Investigation, antiwar senator Mark Hatfield of Oregon was so impressed with the testimony that he insisted the transcript be inserted into the congressional record.
		Soldiers returning from Vietnam were treated with a degree of contempt that has no parallel in American history, and the image of Vietnam veterans as murderous, drug-addled psychotics persists in American culture to this day.
	www.learnedhand.com /kerryunfit6.htm (5654 words)

	History News Network
		Soldiers in Detroit testified to civilians killed in "reconnaissance by fire," that is, gunfire aimed at a village before troops entered it; brutal interrogations; people's heads or ears cut off to frighten others; villagers forcibly relocated and their homes destroyed; prisoners mistreated; and numerous other abuses.
		The remaining plank in Lewy's case against the winter soldiers consists merely of noting the participation in Detroit of JFK assassination conspiracy theorist Mark Lane.
		And in the years since the winter soldiers convened in Detroit, the general premise of their gathering has been validated: American soldiers did indeed commit atrocities in Vietnam; the most famous, the My Lai massacre of March 1968, was merely the starting point.
	hnn.us /roundup/entries/7132.html (996 words)

	Vietnam Civilian Killings Went Unpunished
		Investigators determined that evidence against 203 soldiers accused of harming Vietnamese civilians or prisoners was strong enough to warrant formal charges.
		Then soldiers pulled a naked woman of about 19 from a dwelling and brought her to where the other civilians were huddled, Henry said.
		Investigators determined that there was not enough evidence to charge Reh with murder, because of conflicting accounts "as to the actual language" he used.
	www.commondreams.org /headlines06/0806-07.htm (4599 words)

	Winter Soldier Investigation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The "Winter Soldier Investigation" was a media event intended to publicize war crimes and atrocities by the United States Armed Forces and their allies in the Vietnam War, while showing their direct relationship to military leadership and the foreign and "anti-Communist" policies of the Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon Presidential administrations.
		Winter Soldier was the culmination of efforts to bring national attention to this situation, and to expedite the end of America's participation in the Vietnam conflict.
		The Winter Soldier Investigation produced a conglomerate of testimony resulting in the implication and indictment of American leadership in criminal conduct, and thereby further drove a wedge between proponents and opponents of the war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Winter_Soldier_Investigation (4646 words)

	DVD review of Winter Soldier / DVD-Video - DVD Town (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Winter Soldier Investigation received scant coverage in the press, and the film only played briefly in New York (and once on television) before disappearing almost completely until it resurfaced in a short but potent theatrical run last year.
		The suppression of “Winter Soldier” suggests that the cowardice and general cluelessness of the mainstream press is anything but a recent development.
		And the same is true of the charges made in “Winter Soldier.” Even thirty-five years and countless cinematic depictions of the horrors of Vietnam don’t dampen the pure shock value of this documentary.
	www.dvdtown.com /review/wintersoldierdvd-video/19109/3704 (1395 words)

	Winter Soldier
		Though the media ignored it, the Winter Soldier Investigation showed that rape, torture, senseless murders and collective punishment were hallmarks of the American war in Southeast Asia.
		While the Winter Soldier hearings were held nearly 35 years ago, much of the testimony could easily refer to the U.S. government’s occupation of Iraq.
		The power of Winter Soldier comes not only from the firsthand accounts of U.S. atrocities in Vietnam, but also in the veterans’; description of their own journey to antiwar activism--of “regaining their humanity,” as a number of veterans put it.
	www.socialistworker.org /2005-2/554/554_09_WinterSoldier.shtml (658 words)

	Laramie Movie Scope: Winter Soldier
		Filmed during the Winter Soldier Investigation in Detroit, Mich., on January 31, February 1 and 2, 1971, “Winter Soldier” is a stark retelling of the horrors that soldiers witnessed during the long, bloody Vietnam war.
		Several soldiers said that they were taught to regard all Vietnamese as “gooks.” As such, the natives were considered inhuman as a matter of course.
		The Winter Soldiers were on the inside, the summer soldiers on the outside, in the cold Detroit winter.
	www.lariat.org /AtTheMovies/dvd/wintersold.html (1656 words)

	On Atrocities & Vietnam: The Winter Soldier Investigation \| MetaFilter
		On Atrocities and Vietnam: The Winter Soldier Investigation
		In 1971, the newspaper said, the army began a criminal investigation that lasted four and a half years, "the longest-known war-crime investigation of the Vietnam conflict." Ultimately, the investigators forwarded conclusions that 18 men might face charges, but no courts-martial were brought.
		was winter soldier bankrolled by communists and populated with imposters?
	www.metafilter.com /mefi/35287 (3219 words)

	CodePink Fort Worth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		After testifying at the Winter Soldier Investigation, he became a founding member of Vietnam Veterans Against the War.
		Winter Soldier is a documentary chronicle of the extraordinary Winter Soldier Investigation conducted by Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) in Detroit during the winter of 1971.
		The voices of the veterans in Winter Soldier attest that they are not.
	www.codepinkfw.org /wintersoldier.html (250 words)

	Winter Soldier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Chronicling the extraordinary Winter Soldier Investigation conducted by Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) in Detroit during the winter of 1971, Winterfilm Collective shot footage of more than 125 Vietnam veterans (including a very young John Kerry) that gave eyewitness testimony to war crimes and atrocities they either participated in or witnessed.
		Virtually unreported by the media, WINTER SOLDIER is the only record of this historic turning point in American history.
		Winter Soldier is an amazingly relevant film, not only because it details what American wars of “liberation” actually mean for the people being “liberated,” also because it gives us insight into the experiences of soldiers fighting in Iraq today.
	www.dallasairamerica.org /wintersoldier/main.htm (287 words)

	The Counterpoint: Guilt by Association
		The Winter Soldier investigation wasn’t about challenging evidence of Communist war crimes; it was about the circumstances that led some Americans to engage in similar behavior.
		Despite Hyman’s protestations, the Winter Soldier investigation was not “anti-American.” In fact, the organizers specifically wanted the investigation to not pass judgment on America in general.
		The entire purpose of Winter Soldier in general and Kerry’s testimony specifically was not to condemn U.S. troops in the field, but warn of the costs of fighting a war in which the enemy is indistinguishable from innocent civilians.
	thecounterpoint.blogspot.com /2004/09/guilt-by-association.html (725 words)

	BuzzFlash Review: Winter Soldier (DVD) Originally Released in 1972, Released on DVD in May of 2006.
		Winter Soldier (DVD) Originally Released in 1972, Released on DVD in May of 2006.
		After seeing "Winter Soldier," you know what you have heard about civilian deaths, torture and abuses in Iraq are just the tip of the iceberg, just as My Lai was only a single incident among many.
		The "Winter Soldier" film website notes: "In February 1971, one month after the revelations of the My Lai massacre, an astonishing public inquiry into war crimes committed by American forces in Vietnam was held at a Howard Johnson motel in Detroit.
	www.buzzflash.com /store/reviews/221 (536 words)

	MMI Movie Review: WINTER SOLDER
		Documentary about the Winter Soldier Investigation in Detroit, Michigan in 1971; vets went there to testify about the war crimes being perpetrated by American troops in an attempt to stop the war.
		For three days in early 1971, over 100 Vietnam vets gathered in Detroit for what was called the "Winter Soldier Investigation." Sponsored by Vietnam Veterans Against the War, the goal was to discuss atrocities took part in or witnessed, and to identify the policies that led to them.
		“Winter Soldier” is an important film that every American voter should watch to understand what it really means to go to war.
	www.shoestring.org /mmi_revs/wintersolder-jk-182723108.html (460 words)

	Scott's Introduction to the Winter Soldier Investigation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		She spoke about the Winter Soldier Investigation and how it was the patriotic duty of all veterans to tell the public the truth about the atrocities that were being committed in Vietnam(3).
		At end of the summer, the "sunshine patriot" deserted the fight whereas the "winter soldier" withstood the harsh conditions of winter.
		These Vietnam veterans who testified were the "new winter soldiers" who were still fighting, but for justice and peace through activism (2).
	iml.jou.ufl.edu /projects/fall01\Kahl/scott'sintro.html (183 words)

	FrontPage magazine.com :: The Washington Post's Long Winter by Scott Swett
		In December, the Post published a review of the film “Winter Soldier,” a newly released bit of 1970s agitprop documenting the Vietnam Veterans Against the War’s horrific, unsubstantiated allegations of routine war crimes by U.S. troops in Vietnam.
		Army investigators determined that 46 of the allegations, if true, would qualify as war crimes, and opened a case file for each.
		Hornaday is presumably unaware that she is quoting Steve Pitkin, the only "Winter Soldier" participant to file a legal affidavit about the events there.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=21847 (722 words)

	John Kerry's testimony against the Vietnam War
		He was a founding member and leader of an audacious part of the broad anti-war movement: returning soldiers speaking out against US government policy and the effects those policies were having on the ground in Vietnam and on the soldiers themselves.
		That the Winter Soldier Investigation took place was a sign of the times.
		These soldiers had seen and committed the brutality first hand, had watched their fellow soldiers killed and wounded and also become increasingly brutal toward the Vietnamese in frustration and rage.
	www.afn.org /~iguana/archives/2004_09/20040912.html (2478 words)

	Media Matters - Garrett tried to discredit Winter Soldiers with irrelevant facts
		On September 14, FOX News Channel general assignment reporter Major Garrett falsely suggested that the 1971 Winter Soldier Investigation has been discredited by errors in a 1970 book by Mark Lane that relied in part on witnesses who later testified at the Winter Soldier Investigation.
		GARRETT: Months after the Winter Soldier Investigation, Kerry told the Senate, U.S. war crimes in Vietnam were widespread and condoned at the highest levels of command, attributing that to Winter Soldier testimony.
		One of the basic military tactics of the war, the air and artillery bombardments that have taken an untold number of civilian lives, is open to examination under the criteria established by the Nuremberg tribunal.
	mediamatters.org /items/200409160001 (1096 words)

	Winter Soldier - Movie Info - Moviefone
		Winter Soldier (1972) Winter Soldier - Cast, Crew, Reviews, Plot Summary, Comments,...
		Home Winter Soldier is a documentary chronicle of the extraordinary Winter Soldier Investigation conducted by Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) in Detroit...
		The film is based on the 1971 Detroit Winter Soldier Investigation, which interviewed over 200 G.I.s.
	movies.aol.com /movie/winter-soldier/23363/main (170 words)

	What Did America Learn from the Winter Soldier Investigation?, William F. Crandell
		The Winter Soldier Investigation (WSI) grew out of the moral outrage of American soldiers who had committed acts in response to official orders and policies that were criminal in nature.
		The object of Winter Soldier was to take the all-too-available atrocity stories coming out of Vietnam and show their direct relationship to American policies.
		What we learned as a nation from the Winter Soldier Investigation is that atrocities result from unchecked power, which is not limited to dictatorships.
	lists.village.virginia.edu /sixties/HTML_docs/Texts/Narrative/Crandell_Winter.html (1789 words)

	Film-Forward Review: [WINTER SOLDIER (1972)]
		The Winter Soldier Investigation, organized by the Vietnam Veterans Against the War, met in Detroit, February 1971.
		Beginning with Rusty Sachs’ disclosure that he witnessed a prisoner of war thrown from a plane in midair, the testimonials of over two dozen officers of various ranks are unsparing and riveting.
		Included in the DVD-Rom is the 323-paged FBI file on the Winter Soldier hearings, 409 pages of transcripts from that February weekend, and John Kerry’s eloquently-written testimony before Congress in 1971.
	www.film-forward.com /winterso.html (576 words)

	Mackubin Thomas Owens on John Kerry on National Review Online
		The first of these was the January 31, 1971, "Winter Soldier Investigation," organized by "the usual suspects" among antiwar celebrities such as Jane Fonda, Dick Gregory, and Kennedy-assassination conspiracy theorist, Mark Lane.
		When the Naval Investigative Service attempted to interview the so-called witnesses, most refused to cooperate, even after assurances that they would not be questioned about atrocities they may have committed personally.
		Kerry gave credence to the claim that the war was fought primarily by reluctant draftees, predominantly composed of the poor, the young, or racial minorities.
	www.nationalreview.com /owens/owens200401270825.asp (2128 words)

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