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Topic: Winter cluster

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	Winter cluster - Definition, explanation
		In beekeeping, a winter cluster is a well-defined cluster of honey bees that forms in a colony when the air temperature dips below 54 - 57° F (12 -14° C).
		The incidence of Nosema disease increases as the cluster weakens in extended cold weather.
		Once a broodnest is established, the cluster must maintain a steady temperature between 94.1 - 98.0° F (34.5 - 36.7° C) inside the cluster.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/w/wi/winter_cluster.php (258 words)

	Cluster Fly
		Cluster flies derive their common name from their habit of entering a home or building in the fall and gathering together in clusters, usually in the attic or upper regions of buildings.
		Cluster flies closely resemble house flies but are larger and slower in their movements.
		Cluster flies can be found in fields throughout the summer, and movement towards shelter appears to be initiated by a sudden drop in temperature.
	www.uri.edu /ce/factsheets/prints/clusterfly.html (754 words)

	Fourth Article Spring '97 Newsletter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Cluster grouping is an administrative procedure in which identified gifted students at a grade level are assigned to one classroom with a teacher who has special training in how to teach gifted students.
		Of the districts, 5% reported using cluster grouping in kindergarten and ninth grade, 32% reported the use of cluster grouping in the first, second, seventh, and eighth grades, and 12% indicated cluster grouping occurred in the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth grades.
		One respondent stated that parents of less able students in the cluster classroom had commented on the improved attitude of their children toward school, while another indicated that parents of non-identified students often requested their children be placed in a cluster classroom.
	www.sp.uconn.edu /~nrcgt/news/winter97/wintr974.html (2868 words)

	Grapevine Winter Hardiness presented by Rist Canyon Vineyards
		I have come to think of winter hardiness as not only varietal selection to deal with this problem, but a year round concern of matching cultural practices with the growing season to ensure survival of the vines and maximize winter hardiness.
		A winter hardy variety may not live up to its potential because it is not adapted properly to the local environment.
		Cluster thinning to one or two clusters per shoot has the added advantage of advancing the ripening of the fruit.
	www.ristcanyonvineyards.com /grape_winter_hardiness.html (2622 words)

	Endothermic heat production in honeybee winter clusters -- Stabentheiner et al. 206 (2): 353 -- Journal of Experimental ...
		a broodless cluster, the queen was caged on one of the central
		Body surface temperatures of bees in a winter cluster along vertical scans on the surface of the flat side of an outer comb (A) and on the central comb (B).
		Frequencies of bees with different temperature relationships between body parts in winter clusters on the central comb and on the cluster surface on the flat side of an outer comb.
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/206/2/353 (2650 words)

	Cluster Flies,fly control,flies
		Cluster flies closely resemble house flies, but they are usually larger and have a yellowish sheen on the thorax.
		The cluster fly is a parasite of earthworms and breeds outdoors in lawns and fields during the spring and summer.
		Cluster flies have been known to squeeze around the edges of windows that are weather-proofed.
	www.doyourownpestcontrol.com /cluster.htm (595 words)

	[No title]
		Cluster headaches are not associated with the gastrointestinal disturbances or sensitivity to light that are found with other vascular headaches, such as migraine.
		There are also some pretty basic treatments for clusters that should probably always be tried as a first line defense against clusters, but just as in the case with going years without a correct diagnosis, we sometimes go years without the proper treatment attempts.
		It has always been believed that clusters involved abnormalities in brain "function", such as Serotonin activity, but not brain "structure." A new imaging technique (PET) showed for the first time that there are differences in the hypothalamus of cluster headache sufferers that are not found in people without cluster headaches.
	www.meldrum.demon.co.uk /migraine/clusterfaq1.txt (2835 words)

	Untitled
		When the cluster is found near the top of the uppermost hive body, emergency feeding may be necessary.
		Remnants of a winter cluster that died from starvation.
		Colonies lost during the winter should be closed up and removed from the bee yard as soon as possible.
	maarec.cas.psu.edu /bkCD/management/overwintered.html (853 words)

	Winter cluster
		In beekeeping, a winter cluster is a well-defined cluster of honey bees that forms in a colony when the air temperature dips below 54 to 57 °F (12 to 14 °C).
		As the temperature further decreases the cluster becomes tighter and more compact as the bees are clinging tightly together on the combs in the hive.
		Once a broodnest is established, the cluster must maintain a steady temperature between 94.1 to 98.0 °F (34.5 - 36.7 °C) inside the cluster.
	www.danceage.com /biography/sdmc_Winter_cluster (200 words)

	clusterflies
		The cluster flies found in homes are just transient visitors, neither breeding within the dwelling nor directly feeding and damaging household objects.
		Later in the winter, they make their way into the heated rooms where they often are attracted to and fly erratically around the lights.
		Cluster flies are also called "buckwheat flies" because they give off an odor of buckwheat honey when crushed.
	www.ipmofalaska.com /files/clusterflies.html (1213 words)

	Solar Heating of Honey Bee Colonies (Apis mellifera L.) During the Subtropical Winter and its Impact on Hive ...
		The short, mild winter and the long, dry and hot summer coupled with continuous foraging activity of field bees was in general typical for the subtropical Mediterranean climate of Israel’s Central Coastal Plain.
		Winter clusters inside hives heated by an electric tape (140 W), were more dispersed than those inside insulated or standard noncovered hives (Owens, 1967).
		It is possible that the clusters inside insulated hives did not expand because of low temperature that was due to a reduced conductivity of solar energy through the insulated hive walls.
	www.beekeeping.com /articles/us/solar_heating.htm (4448 words)

	Photonics Cluster - Winter 2004 Newsletter
		Photonics Cluster members include Lambda Photometrics, Elliott Scientific and Armstrong Optical with the most recent recruit to the cluster being Optical Engineering, a division of MBDA based in Hitchin.
		Several of the cluster members such as Optima Research will be exhibiting at this event — there is the additional opportunity to form part of the B2B brokering event designed to stimulate international trading.
		In partnership with the cluster members Ivo Associates are holding a one day workshop on “Micro Optics including diffractive and refractive optics design and manufacturing techniques” The event is free however pre registration with Ivo Associates is essential.
	www.photonicscluster-uk.org /newsletter/winter04/newsletter.html (1482 words)

	WINTER RESEARCH AND RECOGNITION PROGRAM 1998 VLDB SURVEY
		Centralized database: a single SMP, MPP or cluster database that is controlled by one copy of the DBMS or multiple copies of the DBMS acting in a centrally controlled manner.
		Cluster: an architecture in which self-sufficient systems (also called nodes) share the database but run their own copies of the DBMS.
		The nodes of the cluster communicate via either shared disk, fixed capacity interconnect (e.g., a bus), shared memory (e.g., the IBM Coupling Facility) or memory mapping unit (e.g., Digital Memory Channel).
	www.wintercorp.com /OldSite/VLDB/1998_VLDB_Survey/1998survey.html (865 words)

	PCO SERVICES: 1-800-PCO-PEST (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The venation of the membranous wings of the cluster fly is also an important identification characteristic.
		Cluster flies enter a building one by one in the early fall to seek shelter from the cooler weather.
		Trying to control cluster flies by disrupting their life cycle cannot be aimed at the immature maggot.
	www.pco.ca /clusterfly.htm (555 words)

	Gemini: The Twins?
		The cluster is huge, and has been traced out to the apparent diameter of the moon, though visually it appears about half that size The cluster contains several hundred stars and lies at a distance of about 2,800 light years.
		This compact cluster, not quite resolvable in a 6 inch telescope, is about 16,000 light years away and appears rather old for a galactic or open cluster.
		The winter sky looks out to the outer regions of the Milky Way, so NGC 2158 must be half again as far as the sun's 30,000 light years from the center of the Galaxy.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/bmoler/gemini.htm (801 words)

	Argyroderma theartii
		Argyroderma theartii is a beautiful, dwarf, cluster-forming, winter growing succulent plant, bearing striking, bright purple-pink flowers during the early winter months.
		Winters are cooler but warm during the day and if frost occurs, it is very light and for short periods.
		The genus Argyroderma is part of the mesemb family (Mesembryanthemaceae) and almost all of its members are confined to southern Africa and its centres of diversity in the winter rainfall region of South Africa and Nambia.
	www.plantzafrica.com /plantab/argytheart.htm (918 words)

	Cluster flies Waking Up in homes - Insect
		A very common, and frequently disturbing, household insect encounter of late winter is the emerging cluster flies.
		Problems with cluster flies begin in late August as they move to winter quarters.
		Cluster fly problems can be partially prevented, but at this time of year little can be done.
	ipm.montana.edu /YardGarden/docs/clusterflies-insect.htm (410 words)

	Cluster - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cluster chemistry, an array of bound atoms intermediate in character between a molecule and a solid
		Cancer cluster, in biomedicine, an occurrence of a greater-than-expected number of cancer cases
		Winter cluster, in beekeeping, a well-defined cluster of honey bees in cold temperatures
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cluster (228 words)

	Southern California KM Cluster
		The purpose of this Southern California KM organization is to enable and sponsor a Southern California cluster of Knowledge Management (KM) practitioners, executives, academics and researchers.
		The mission of the Southern California KM Cluster is to fundamentally advance the art and science of KM and its application to business.
		The Southern California Cluster charter is to host informal networking events, on a quarterly basis, for Knowledge Management and business professionals in the greater Southern California area.
	www.kmcluster.com /lax (287 words)

	Honeybee Facts
		Although quite inactive during the winter, the honeybee survives the winter months by clustering for warmth.
		By self-regulating the internal temperature of the cluster, the bees maintain 93 degrees Fahrenheit in the center of the winter cluster (regardless of the outside temperature).
		Because they are of no use in the winter, drones are expelled from the hive in the autumn.
	www.backyardbeekeepers.com /facts.html (1820 words)

	Cosmic Voyage-The Online Resource for Amateur Astronomers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Unfortunately, it is often overlooked in favor of nearby NGC 2264, an open cluster/nebula complex which features the elusive Cone nebula.
		A close pair of 10th and 11th magnitude GSC stars, separated by 49", mark the center of the field.
		This star marks the outer edge of the cluster as defined by Lynga.
	hometown.aol.com /billferris/n2251.html (119 words)

	What do bees do in the winter?
		They stay inside their hive in what is called a winter cluster which means they get into a big huddle.
		There is no point to flying outside of the hive as there are no flowers in bloom, hence no pollen or nectar is available.
		The object of this clustering is to keep themselves warm, so warm that the temperature in the center of this cluster, where the Queen Bee stays, is kept at about 80 (F).
	www.bees-online.com /Winter.htm (221 words)

	[No title]
		At this cluster the following items should be addressed: The board should designate delegates to the NCSC The year-end audit should be reviewed with the auditor Winter Cluster Conference Call: February 8, 2006 @ 7:00 p.m.
		Winter Cluster The Winter Cluster will be held in Utica in March 2006.
		Summer Cluster Notice Mailed by June 24 Notice and instructions regarding the August 12-13, 2006 cluster in Oneonta will be mailed to commission and board members.
	www.nysafp.org /calendars_meetings/2006CalendarProcedures.doc (703 words)

	Cluster Flies, Face Flies, and Blow Flies in Homes
		Homeowners are often bothered by the appearance of sluggish flies in their homes in late winter and early spring.
		The cluster fly is a little larger than the common housefly and moves sluggishly.
		Cluster flies, face flies and blow flies are difficult to control once they have gained access to homes because they hibernate in wall voids and other inaccessible places.
	www.uky.edu /Ag/Entomology/entfacts/struct/ef624.htm (762 words)

	Winter Milky Way
		It is an extremely rich collection of open clusters and emission nebulae located among the brightest stars in the sky and some of the most famous and easily recognized constellations.
		The largest emission nebula in the photo is Sh2-276, Barnard's loop, seen as a semi-circle around the belt and sword of Orion.
		Across the bottom of the frame are the constellations of Canis Major, Monoceros, Orion and Taurus, with the Hyades and Pleiades clusters at lower right.
	www.astropix.com /HTML/B_WINTER/04_WIN.HTM (227 words)

	Cluster Flies -- UVM Extension Entomology Leaflet 11
		Cluster flies belong to the family Calliphoridae, the blow flies and flesh flies.
		Cluster flies are not attracted to foods in the home.
		Later in the winter, they make their way into the heated rooms where they often are attracted to and fly erratically around the lights.
	www.uvm.edu /extension/publications/el/el11.htm (826 words)

	Institute for Theory and Computation - Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
		CPAC acquired a new Beowulf cluster in winter 2004-2005 called Sauron.
		The large gray machine behind the workstation is the air conditioning unit that cools keeps CPAC at a constant temperature and relative humidiity.
		These are our set of four workstations, known as the Raagas cluster, which is no longer used long since superceded by more powerful clusters.
	cfa-www.harvard.edu /itc/cpac/computers.htm (563 words)

	Cluster Bombs Imperil Southern Lebanon
		With an estimated 12 to 15 months needed to clear the south of cluster bomblets, they pose mortal danger to displaced civilians returning to their villages after the 34-day war, the UN said.
		Clarke said Israel also had yet to provide detailed information on the amounts of cluster bombs fired or the coordinates of the strikes, which would help munitions clearance teams identify the main areas on which to focus their efforts.
		With winter coming up and most people in the south relying on agriculture for their main source of income, the UNHCR is concerned that farmers will be unable to return to their fields, robbing them of their livelihood, or will face a deadly threat if they do as rain sinks the bomblets into the soil.
	www.commondreams.org /headlines06/0927-06.htm (712 words)

	Messier 22
		By the observation of the 10 feet telescope, the profundity of this cluster must be nearly of the 344th order.
		A fine globular cluster, outlying that astral stream, the Via Lactea [Milky Way], in the space between the Archer's head and bow, not far from the point of the winter solstice, and midway between Mu and Sigma Sagittarii.
		Globular Cluster; fine; very rich; very much compressed; gradually much bbrighter toward the middle, but not to a nucleus; diameter in RA = 35.5s [8.9']; consists of stars of two sizes, 11 and 15mag, with none intermediate, as if it consists of two layers, or one shell over another.
	www.seds.org /messier/Mdes/dm022.html (1464 words)

	Cluster Fly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		CONTROL: Complete control of cluster flies is almost impossible since the overwintering adults are concealed in walls, attics, etc. When possible, cover the louver to the attic with screen, and use a caulking compound to seal openings to the outside.
		Adults are sluggish enough in the winter to be picked up with a vacuum cleaner.
		It is probably not practical to attempt to control the host of cluster flies -- earthworms in the ground around the house.
	www.ext.vt.edu /departments/entomology/factsheets/clusterf.html (431 words)

	Human Rights Watch: Israel - Lebanon Conflict
		On July 24, 2006, Human Rights Watch was the first to confirm Israel’s use of cluster munitions in Lebanon, when it broke the news that a July 19 attack on the village of Blida left one civilian dead and 12 wounded.
		The UN has stated that around 90 percent of all cluster munitions were fired into south Lebanon during the last 72 hours of the conflict.
		Most cluster munitions were delivered by artillery or ground rockets; a limited number appear to have been dropped by aircraft.
	www.hrw.org /campaigns/israel_lebanon/clusters/index.htm (475 words)

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