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	winter wheat
		Unusually mild winter temperatures caused China's 2007/08 winter wheat and rapeseed crops to emerge from dormancy well ahead of schedule and grow abnormally fast, weakening their resistance to extreme weather.
		The wheat crop was in the jointing to flowering stage as of April 20.
		As of April 30, the winter wheat crop was in the boot/flowering stage on the North China Plain and in the flowering/grain fill stage in the Yangtze River basin.
	www.pecad.fas.usda.gov /highlights/2007/05/chinawheat_may2007 (1064 words)

	Winter wheat -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Winter (Annual or biennial grass having erect flower spikes and light brown grains) wheat is a (Grass whose starchy grains are used as food: wheat; rice; rye; oats; maize; buckwheat; millet) cereal.
		Soft wheats are used to make all-purpose (Fine powdery foodstuff obtained by grinding and sifting the meal of a cereal grain) flour used in a wide variety of baked products.
		(Wheat with hard dark-colored kernels high in gluten and used for bread and pasta; grown especially in southern Russia, North Africa, and northern central North America) Durum is the hardest wheat and is primarily used for making pasta.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/w/wi/winter_wheat.htm (198 words)

	Irrigation of Winter Wheat
		Winter wheat is predominantly a dryland crop in Colorado, but the importance of irrigated winter wheat has increased as farmers become concerned about reducing the costs of pumping water for production of other Crops.
		Winter wheat responds to supplemental irrigation, but careful irrigation management is important to produce consistently high yields with minimum costs.
		Winter wheat irrigated with a sprinkler system can be fertilized more efficiently by injecting liquid fertilizer through the system.
	www.ext.colostate.edu /pubs/crops/00556.html (1760 words)

	Wheat Streak Mosaic
		Infection of winter wheat may occur in the fall if volunteer wheat, spring wheat, grassy weed hosts or corn plants infected with the virus and infested with mites are still green at seedling emergence of winter wheat (Figure 4).
		Infection of spring wheat depends on winter survival of the mite on winter wheat, volunteer winter wheat, or perennial grasses and on buildup of the mite population in the spring (Figure 4).
		Spring Wheat: Avoid late planting of spring wheat near winter wheat that is maturing, as virus-bearing mites are likely to be wind-blown to the spring wheat while it is still young and especially vulnerable.
	www.ext.nodak.edu /extpubs/plantsci/smgrains/pp646w.htm (1609 words)

	Teagasc - Project Report - 4316 - Bi-Cropping of Winter Wheat and White Clover
		While the results indicate that winter wheat can be successfully established in an understorey of white clover if sown early in good conditions, competition from grass weed species represents a serious impediment to successful bi-cropping in the longer term.
		Winter wheat (Hereward) was sown into the clover plots with a Hunter Rotaseeder drill at a seeding rate of 200 kg/ha, 22.8 cm row spacing and in the conventional plots at 200 kg/ha, 12 cm row spacing.
		Wheat yields should eventually increase in the bi-cropped area due to the supply of legume fixed nitrogen based on the fertility of clover containing pasture swards (Cowling, 1982; Clement and Williams, 1967).
	www.teagasc.ie /research/reports/crops/4316/eopr-4316.htm (3070 words)

	ERS/USDA Briefing Room - Wheat: Background
		Wheat varieties grown in the United States are classified as "winter wheat" or "spring wheat," depending on the season each is planted.
		Wheat milling byproducts—such as bran (outer seed coat of a wheat kernel), shorts (more inward layers of the seed coat that contain some starchy or floury components), and middlings (an intermediate fraction that consists of a combination of bran and shorts)—are used by feed manufacturers in the production of animal feeds.
		Loss of wheat acreage to row crops on the Plains reflects strong genetic improvements in corn and soybeans, producing varieties that could be planted farther west and north in the region, areas with drier conditions or shorter growing seasons.
	www.ers.usda.gov /briefing/wheat/background.htm (1558 words)

	Officials expect harvest increase for winter wheat (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Winter wheat crops, particularly in the warmer climates of western Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas, were hurt by the freezing weather April 11-13.
		Winter wheat, a major source of flour for breads and other baked goods, accounts for about three-quarters of all U.S. wheat production.
		Despite the increase in the winter wheat forecast, the overall wheat crop for the year is expected to be smaller because of less spring-planted wheat.
	www.lubbockonline.com /news/051397/official.htm (457 words)

	Six Basic Classes of Wheat (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Wheat is the principal U.S. cereal grain for export and domestic consumption.
		Winter wheat, which normally accounts for 70 to 80 percent of U.S. production, is sown in the fall and harvested in the spring or summer; spring wheat is planted in the spring and harvested in late summer or early fall.
		Wheat classes are determined not only by the time of year they are planted and harvested, but also by their hardness, color and the shape of their kernels.
	www.smallgrains.org /WHFACTS/6classwh.htm (477 words)

	[No title]
		Wheat is used to produce flour (for bread, pasta, pastries and macaroni) or livestock feed.
		As the wheat plant dries down, wheat curl mites congregate on green tissue in the upper parts of the plants where they are picked up by wind currents and carried to their summer grass hosts.
		Following seeding, as the young wheat sprout grows from the seed to the surface of the soil, spores on the seed or in the soil germinate in response to moisture and form slender infection threads (mycelium) that enter the seedling.
	pestdata.ncsu.edu /cropprofiles/docs/cowheat-winter.html (9887 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Illinois: The winter wheat crop is 93 percent harvested compared to 89 percent last year and 92 percent for the five-year average.
		By area, 89 percent of the wheat is harvested in the north, 99 percent in the central region and 99 percent in the south.
		Durum wheat is fully emerged, 49 percent boot stage, and 19 percent headed, which is significantly behind last year due to late plantings, which were caused by the abundance of wet weather.
	www.agweb.com /news_printer.asp?articleID=110000 (624 words)

	Guide to Wheat Diseases and Pests
		Symptoms: The pericarps of maturing wheat kernels turn dark brown to fl, with the discoloration usually restructed to the germ-end of the kernel (33; 34 is healthy seed).
		Hosts/Distribution: Wheat, triticale, rye, oats, and other related grasses can be affected by the disease, with wheat being the most susceptible; winter wheat and fall-sown spring wheat are more frequently damaged.
		Wheat lines having solid or partially solid stems are much less susceptible to attack.
	wheat.pw.usda.gov /ggpages/wheatpests.html (10228 words)

	Bumper winter wheat crop may be up 20 percent (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The winter wheat forecast of 1.78 billion bushels, up 11 percent from last month's prediction, is driven by record per-acre yield of 42.8 bushels - 5.6 bushels per acre better than 1996.
		Impressive winter wheat crops also are forecast in Oklahoma, where the 172.8 million bushels compares to about 93 million bushels last year, and in Texas, where the 119 million bushels projected is 37 percent more than in 1996.
		Durum wheat, which is used to make pasta, is forecast at 80.9 million bushels, a 30 percent drop from last year.
	www.lubbockonline.com /news/071297/bumper.htm (479 words)

	Winter wheat seedings up in Montana - billingsgazette.com
		The Montana Agricultural Statistics Service said the 2004 winter wheat planting is up from 1.8 million acres for 2003, and just 300,000 acres shy of the 1996 winter planting.
		So far, winter wheat conditions, when compared to a year ago, are mixed, Chard said.
		Nationwide, the planted area for winter wheat is estimated at 43.5 million acres, which is down from 44.9 million acres a year ago, the agency said.
	www.billingsgazette.com /index.php?id=1&display=rednews/2004/01/13/build/state/35-winterwheat.inc (343 words)

	Encyclopedia: Winter wheat (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum durum) is the only tetraploid species of wheat widely cultivated today.
		It was brought to the United States, specifically Kansas, by Russian Mennonites in the 19th century.
		Winter wheat production quickly spread throughout the Great Plains and was and still is usually grown using the techniques of dryland farming.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Winter-wheat (457 words)

	Ohio Agronomy Guide, Small Grain Production
		Wheat should never be seeded prior to the "fly-safe date" because of the possibility of severe damage by diseases and Hessian fly (Figure 11-1).
		Wheat should not be no-tilled in fields that were wet at the time of soybean harvest or where soil compaction is present.
		Winter rye is usually used as a winter cover crop because of its tolerance to adverse growing environments.
	ohioline.osu.edu /b472/grain.html (4399 words)

	SR478 - 1995 Missouri Winter Wheat Performance Tests
		Overall yield of the 64 soft and hard red winter wheats tested in 1994 was 43.2 bushels per acre (Table 5 and 14), 22.3 bushels per acre less than the previous year (Fig.
		Test weights among the soft and hard red winter wheats were nearly 2 pounds per bushel lighter in 1995 as compared to test weights achieved in 1994 (Fig.
		Missouri's 1995 wheat crop was harvested from an estimated 1.2 million acres, up 9 percent from the wheat acreage harvested in 1994 (Table 4).
	www.psu.missouri.edu /pubs/sr478 (3847 words)

	AY-244
		Soft red winter wheat should be planted within the two-week period following the Hessian fly-free date, which ranges from September 22 across the northern tier of counties in Indiana to October 9 in the extreme southern part of the state (Figure 1).
		The optimum plant population for soft red winter wheat is 30 to 35 plants per square foot, that is 1.3 to 1.5 million plants/acre.
		An alternative to topdressing wheat is to fall apply all of the N in an ammonium form stabilized with a nitrification inhibitor.
	www.agcom.purdue.edu /AgCom/Pubs/AY/AY-244.html (3483 words)

	Michigan Red Winter Wheat
		The wheat seed is planted in mid-September, sprouts, and grows three or four inches before winter snows cover it up.
		Most commercial "whole wheat flour is a white flour to which a portion of the bran which was removed is re-added.
		Factory bread makers use this "whole wheat" which is usually 40% white flour.
	www.greenleaffarms.net /red_winter_wheat (263 words)

	Winter Wheat \| Ducks Unlimited Canada
		For more about winter wheat, including tools and information on how to produce it, visit wintercereals.ca.
		Winter wheat is seeded and germinates in the fall, and begins growing again in the spring.
		DUC is working to increase the amount of winter wheat grown on the Prairies.
	www.ducks.ca /conserve/programs/winterwheat/index.html (284 words)

	NDSU Main Station Research Center Variety Trial Data (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The recommended seeding dates for winter wheat are September 10 to September 30 south ND highway 200 and September 1 to September 15 in northern regions.
		Winter wheat should be seeded at a rate of 1,000,000 viable seeds per acre or about 80 pounds per acre.
		When wheat streak mosaic virus is a concern Crimson should be grown, of the varieties adapted to North Dakota it has the best tolerance.
	www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu /fargo/99data/hrww.htm (423 words)

	ND Hard Red Winter Wheat
		Characteristics to evaluate in selecting a variety are winter hardiness, yield potential in your area, test weight, protein content when grown with proper fertility, straw strength, plant height, reaction to important diseases and maturity.
		The recommended seeding dates for winter wheat are Sept. 10-30 south of North Dakota Highway 200 and Sept. 1-15 in northern regions.
		If wheat streak mosaic virus is a concern, try Crimson or Harding, as they have the best tolerance to this virus and are adapted to North Dakota.
	www.ext.nodak.edu /extpubs/plantsci/smgrains/a1196w.htm (701 words)

	Fertilizing Winter Wheat
		Nearly all wheat requires some N fertilizer, unless there is a substantial release of available N in the soil prior to planting.
		Suggested N rates for dryland wheat are given in Table 1 at an expected yield of 50 bushels per acre.
		There is a strong relationship between protein content of wheat and the N fertility status of a given field.
	www.ext.colostate.edu /pubs/crops/00544.html (1875 words)

	Producing Hard White Wheat
		Hard white wheat has excellent potential to be a successful crop in Nebraska.
		The performance data on hard white winter wheat varieties shows that they are highly adapted and their grain yields and test weights are similar to those of hard red winter wheat.
		are working together to develop and release hard white wheat varieties with superior quality traits that will yield with the best hard red winter wheat varieties.
	www.hardwhitewheat.unl.edu (262 words)

	Nitrogen Management for Winter Wheat: Principles and Recommendations
		Excessive plant-available N produces wheat plants that are susceptible to lodging and disease with resulting decreased yields and increased input costs.
		The winter wheat plant has a generalized N uptake pattern that is depicted by the curve shown in Figure 1.
		Finally, GS 30 indicates that the wheat plant is about to embark on its most rapid period of vegetative growth in order to build a structure for producing carbohydrate to fill the grain.
	www.ext.vt.edu /pubs/grains/424-026/424-026.html (3373 words)

	Winter Wheat Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Search for winter wheat - Find results for winter wheat and anything else you are looking for instantly!
		Soft spring wheats are used in the United States to make all-purpose flour used in a wide variety of baked products, but in Canada is labelled as specialty cake flour.
		Durum is the hardest wheat and is primarily used for making pasta, however almost all durum wheat grown in North America is spring planted.
	www.thelocalcolorartgallery.com /encyclopedia/Winter_wheat (446 words)

	About Spring And Winter Wheat Flours - Info (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Winter wheat is a slow-growing type that is sowed in the fall, goes
		In the United States, winter wheat is grown from Texas to Kansas and may
		In general, winter wheat flour has less protein than spring wheat flour.
	www.recipeview.com /Fruit/Fruit9.htm (175 words)

	U.S Winter Wheat Acres
		Seedings of hard red winter wheat, the predominate type grown through the Plains states, were down 4.9 percent – about 1.48 million acres.
		USDA data on winter wheat seedings by-class only go back to 1982, but K-State figures, which go back to 1973, indicate that hard red winter wheat seedings this year are the smallest in over 28 years, said Tierney, who is a crops marketing specialist with K-State Research and Extension.
		Soft red winter wheat seedings were estimated at 610,000 acres.
	www.oznet.ksu.edu /wheatpage/Links/wheat_acres.htm (350 words)

	Publications
		Foliar absorption of urea by sandblasted wheat seedlings.
		Wheat leaf and stem rust development near a wind barrier.
		Skidmore, E.L. Barrier-induced microclimate and its influence on growth and yield of winter wheat.
	www.weru.ksu.edu /new_weru/publications/publications.shtml (5322 words)

	GrainGenes ACEDB Images
		Puparia on seedling spring wheat Adult on wheat Eggs on wheat Larvae on spring wheat Puparia on jointed wheat Spring wheat seedling stunted by Hessian Fly Stunted spring wheat seedlings...
		Sterility of the upper portions of wheat spikes,...
		Wheat stem maggot larvae (left) and typical damage.
	greengenes.cit.cornell.edu /imagelist3-14-94.html (1096 words)

	Winter Wheat Harvest Drops Another 2%
		In its latest crop report, the USDA pegged winter wheat output at 1.32 billion bushels, a 15% reduction from last year and the smallest harvest since 1978.
		Winter wheat area for 2001 grain harvest is forecast at 32.1 million acres, unchanged from May 1, but down 8% from 2000.
		This is the smallest winter wheat area since 1957.
	www.statpub.com /open/9682.html (342 words)

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