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Topic: Wiping (magnetic tape)

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	DRPAP002: Recovery of Damaged Magnetic Tape and Optical Disk Media
		The tapes should not be allowed to remain in dirty or salty water for too long as the mud or salt water may contain components, such as organics or corrosives, which may degrade the tape.
		Tapes can be kept in a sealed plastic bag with a wet towel or sponge to keep them from drying out; however, unless kept cool, these tapes may experience molding if not treated within a week or two.
		If the tapes have been submerged for an extended period of time, or have been recovered from the sea floor, or have been allowed to dry out after recovery from the sea, it may be necessary to place the tapes in a mild hydrochloric acid solution to remove any calcium carbonate deposits on the tape.
	www.uark.edu /staff/drp/drpap002.htm (4004 words)

	Vinyl Engine - Record Care
		Magnetic tape is made up of two layers: a "base" layer, and a thin "binder" layer which is bonded onto the base.
		Hydrolysis in magnetic tape results in the binder shedding a gummy and tacky material which causes tape layers to stick together and inhibits playback when it is deposited onto the tape recorder heads.
		Vinegar Syndrome is exhibited by the release an acetic acid (vinegar) odour from the tape and is a by‑product of acetate tape breaking‑down.
	www.vinylengine.com /recordcare.shtml (6471 words)

	Ch20
		Tapes from different sessions that are recorded at different times and places with the same respondent or informant will vary in their basic identification with respect to date, place, and perhaps interviewer/researcher.
		Tapes brought into the oral sources sub-archives from other record groups for processing or permanent administration should be handled in the same manner except that their parent record group, series, and file location should be noted on the tape container and receipt register.
		Restricted tapes and summaries should be placed in a separate, secure, storage location within the archives, and their locations should be noted by a reference to the receipt serial number in the main correspondence file and in other processing files and records kept by the institution.
	www.unesco.org /webworld/ramp/html/r9704e/r9704e0k.htm (6518 words)

	Tape handling device - Patent 4469265
		The tape handling device of this invention includes a tape storage bin disposed in a horizontal plane in which the majority of an endless tape is stored in serpentine loops, the bin having a tape entrance port and a tape exit port.
		The tape is maintained in a generally neutral condition as it is urged towards the exit port by the tape simultaneously being drawn from the exit and introduced at the entrance.
		The tape 18 is maintained in a neutral position as it is urged towards the exit by the simultaneous exiting and incoming of the tape loops.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4469265.html (4099 words)

	MASTERS ON AUDIO AND VIDEO -- Audio Archives
		If a recorded tape is passed by the gap in a head, the magnetic patterns recorded there will induce a changing magnetic field in the head, and the coil will translate this into a varying electric current that corresponds to the original audio signal.
		Tape recorders contain special erase heads that sit in the tape path before the record and playback heads, so that an old signal is automatically erased just before a new one is recorded.
		The tape stored on a feed reel is pulled past the heads by being squeezed between the "capstan," a finely-machined shaft that revolves at a constant speed, and the pinch roller, a rubber "puck" that holds the tape firmly in contact with the capstan.
	www.mastersonaudio.com /audio/20041001.htm (1024 words)

	Wiping - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Wiping or junking is an economic move by radio and television companies in which old audiotapes, videotapes and telerecordings (kinescopes) are erased and reused or destroyed.
		The last edition that was wiped from the BBC archives dates to September 8, 1977.
		The ABC version was supposedly wiped to record Richard Dawson's Family Feud.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wiping_(magnetic_tape) (2071 words)

	Ch42
		It is this precise placing of the signal on the tape and the parameters of the signal itself that determines the recording format.
		The magnetic pattern on the tape can be made visible by using a suspension of fine iron particles to "develop" the pattern and measuring the result with a microscope.
		Tape cleaning equipment not only cleans the tape, it also packs the tape at a constant controlled tension which is advisable before storage.
	www.unesco.org /webworld/ramp/html/r9704e/r9704e18.htm (4170 words)

	Cleaning and Recertifying Magnetic Tape
		Consider this example: an unrecoverable tape error appears while the operator is trying to read in reel four of an eight-reel master file; the operator is about 3 hours into a very important job, and finds out there is no way to recover (restart) the job starting with reel three of the input.
		Tape cleaning is the process of removing all foreign particles (known as residual buildup) and protruding debris from the oxide and back side (the shiny side) of the tape.
		New tape has a tendency to shed oxide particles near the surface for approximately the first six passes through the read/write heads of the magnetic tape unit.
	www.tpub.com /incs/32.htm (1359 words)

	Security Issues with Decommissioning Magnetic Media
		While guidelines are in place for dealing with the decommissioning of magnetic media, often the recommendations are not followed or the mechanism proposed is no longer effective because of the advancement of technology.
		Magnetic data is remarkably resilient and most physical disposal techniques in use have little or no effect on the media itself although it may no longer be accessible through conventional means.
		Data wiping can also provide flexible tradeoffs between speed and level of security so that a slower but more secure method may be selected that exponentially reduces the theoretical likelihood of any hope for recovery or detection.
	www.cyberscrub.com /cybercide/index3.html (6035 words)

	IMAP > Preservation 101
		Magnetic tape, which is used in both audio and video recording, was never intended as an archival storage medium.
		Magnetic videotape was developed in the 1950s for use in broadcast television, which at the time relied entirely on live transmissions.
		Magnetic media should never be stored at temperatures below 46º F (which will cause the lubrication to separate from the binder) or near magnetic sources such as motors, transformers, electrical fixtures, loudspeakers, or vacuum cleaners, which may demagnetize them.
	www.imappreserve.org /pres_101 (5022 words)

	The Care and Handling of Recorded Sound Materials
		Tapes and grooved discs are analog recordings--the term "analog" referring to the transformation of sound into "parallel", or analogous grooves or particle alignments.
		Vinegar Syndrome is exhibited by the release an acetic acid (vinegar) odour from the tape and is a by-product of acetate tape breaking-down.
		Tape binder is somewhat susceptible to fungi growth though less so with modern tapes as fungicides are presently incorporated into the binder.
	palimpsest.stanford.edu /byauth/st-laurent/care.html (7157 words)

	Video Tape Construction Baking Oxide Shedding Storage Life
		An asphalt paved road is very similar to a video tape, in the sense that the smooth paved surface corresponds to a tapes' binder layer, and the gravel base is analogous to the tapes' substrate.
		Tapes manufactured between 1965 and 1985 are especially susceptible to the "Sticky Tape Syndrome", where in addition to the binder delaminating, it also turns in to a "sticky - gooey - mess" (not the scientific term, but an accurate descriptor...).
		As long as the tape is not sticky or exhibits any mold growth, then every 3 years at most, the tape should be removed and fully fast forwarded to the end and then rewound on a known good deck.
	www.videointerchange.com /tape.htm (4157 words)

	Erase Hard Drive: Erase hard drive, Degaussers, Degaussing Equipment and Services - Erase Hard Drive
		The degausser must subject the media to an alternating magnetic field of sufficient intensity to saturate the media and then by slowly withdrawing or reducing the field, the magnetic media is left in a magnetically neutral state.
		To erase recorded data, it is necessary for the strength of the degaussing field to be greater in value than the coercivity of the magnetic media.
		Simply stated, coercivity is the magnetic field strength, rated in oersteds (Oe), required to change the magnetic orientation of the magnetic material.
	computer-tape-cleaning.com (552 words)

	Machine Readable Records
		For computer tapes and diskettes, record and maintain information about the version of the operating system and version number of the program or application used to create the record, as well as ownership and date of each record series.
		If a tape is only partially played, advance the tape to the end (using either regular speed or fast-forward) before rewinding it for storage.
		A written transcript of an audio or video tape can also be used as a "use copy" or "backup copy." A transcript may contain every word on the original tape, or only a general rendering of the discussion.
	palimpsest.stanford.edu /byorg/georgia/mach.html (1252 words)

	Tonschreiber b (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Magnetic tape recorders seemed, virtually, to be unknown in Anglo-Saxon countries (1944/45).
		The recorder type b was designed as to cover variable tape speeds from 9 cm/s up to 120 cm/s.
		That has to be, for example, 22 Hz at a tape speed of 9 cm/s and for 120 cm/s they utilized 292 Hz.
	www.xs4all.nl /~aobauer/tonschreiber_b.htm (268 words)

	Tape Applicators
		With Smart Tape you do not need to try to remember your measurement or keep jotting it down on a piece of paper that usually ends up lost under a pile of sawdust.
		Finally a peel and stick tape measure that is 1" wide with high contrast fl on white blade.
		Right read tape blade features innovative storypole feature that allows you to write on tape blade with a pencil and wipe off marks with your finger when you are done.
	www.yellowairplane.com /Tools/Hand_Tool_Tape_Applicators.htm (525 words)

	Ch 16 Errors
		Magnetic tape has a higher error rate than magnetic disk.
		Using magnetic disk as an example, if you were to look at bits coming right off a magnetic disk you would see, on the average, about 1 bit error for every billion bits transferred.
		Again, using magnetic disk as an example, if you transfer a million bits per second, on the average, you'd have a bit error every thousand seconds, or every 16.6 minutes.
	csunix1.lvc.edu /~snyder/errors.html (1152 words)

	Texwipe Cleaning Cloths
		Wipes are disposable, 100% cellulose, lint-free cloths designed for cleaning areas where non-contamination is essential.
		They are ideal for wiping and cleaning magnetic tape drives, relays, contacts, and delicate electronic components.
		Wipes are non-halogen and suitable for use in all critical applications where strict, contamination control is essential.
	www.sisweb.com /ms/sis/texwipe.htm (246 words)

	UW Records Management Services: Vital Records
		After 24 hours inspect the tapes by unrolling approximately 25 feet of each tape and, while handling it gingerly, look for color differences in the tape and for minute drops of moisture.
		TIP: As a last resort in determining whether or not a tape is dry, spin the tape in a tape cleaner without the blade or the cleaning solution.
		The tapes will need to be checked for distortion and warping which may have been caused by the extreme temperatures generated during the fire.
	www.washington.edu /admin/recmgt/records.recovery.html (2989 words)

	Disaster Preparedness - Texas State Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Duplication of the information does not always require copying in the original medium, although duplicating in the same medium (paper to paper, magnetic tape to magnetic tape, for example) is often the most economical and least complicated way to protect the information.
		Many agencies routinely rotate their magnetic tapes off-site, so that at any one time a substantial amount of information is located away from the place of business.
		Magnetic tapes which have become wet have a good chance for information recovery.
	www.tsl.state.tx.us /slrm/recordspubs/dp.html (6133 words)

	Pierre's field guide to partition table recovery
		A primer on magnetic storage from Washington University.
		There has always been a lot of discussions as to wether it was possible or not to recover erased data directly from the platters of crashed hard drives.
		The same holds for forensic analysis : except in extremely high profile cases such as the Watergates tapes, that could act as a catalyst, an incentive to drive the technology forward, one cannot imagine that courts will be allowed to spend that many resources.
	www.datarescue.com /laboratory/partition5.htm (408 words)

	ITSO: Securely Removing Data
		Perhaps a magnetic tape has been used the maximum number of times that it can be to reliably preserve data.
		Disk wiping is a term used to describe a programmatic process that writes a series of 1's and 0's over the disk in an effort to securely remove the data.
		Degaussing is a process by which the storage media is subjected to a powerful magnetic field to remove the data on the media.
	itso.iu.edu /Securely_Removing_Data (1567 words)

	erase. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000.
		To remove (recorded material) from a magnetic tape or other storage medium: erased a file from the diskette.
		To remove recorded material from (a magnetic tape or disk, for example): erased the videocassette.
		To erase is to wipe or rub out, literally or figuratively: erased the equation from the flboard; erased any hope of success.
	www.bartleby.com /61/39/E0193900.html (239 words)

	UVa Library: Preservation Disaster Manual
		Magnetic tape is basically a short-term storage medium for sound, visual images, and electronic data.
		Magnetic tape is fairly heat resistant and can withstand temperatures of 200 degrees Fahrenheit for up to one hour without suffering severe damage.
		Care must be taken during cleaning to ensure that the tape labels are not lost or put on the wrong tapes.
	www.lib.virginia.edu /preservation/disaster/5.html (3472 words)

	Tape degaussers for magnetic media from Admil
		An increasing range of computer, communication, recording and entertainment systems use magnetic media, they include floppy and hard disks, reels, cassettes and tapes which come in a variety of sizes and formats.
		The DLT Tape Master has been specially introduced to overcome the problems associated with using existing DLT tapes with the new DLT 1 tape drive.
		The tapes or cassettes are placed in the drawer compartment and rotated within the powerful 7000 Gauss field ensuring uniform and complete erasure.
	www.admil.co.uk /pages/degaussers.html (1357 words)

	Jan's Computer Basics:6-9 Optical Disks
		Magnetic: It is entirely unaffected by magnetic fields.
		Remove dirt and smudges with a clean cotton cloth by wiping from the center to the outer edge, NOT by wiping around the disk.
		Wiping in a circle can create a curved scratch, which can confuse the laser.
	www.jegsworks.com /Lessons/lesson6/lesson6-9.htm (1283 words)

	Current Doctrine Submarines (USF-25(A)) - Chapter 5
		They will probably be de-energized while channel is being swept by magnetic sweeps as the magnetic sweeps interfere with the detector instruments.
		Submarines, even though degaussed by permanent degaussing or wiping should at all times avoid charging or discharging in shallow uncertain waters, if it can be done, on account of fields set up which might affect magnetic mines or detecting loops.
		Degaussing coils are installed to reduce the effective magnetic force of a ship and thereby protect it against magnetic mines.
	www.history.navy.mil /library/online/ss-doc-5.htm (3718 words)

	wipe
		He wiped the furniture with a damp cloth.
		He gave a few quick wipes to the furniture.
		a technique in film editing by which the projected image of a scene appears to be pushed or wiped off the screen by the image that follows.
	www.factmonster.com /ipd/A0739763.html (239 words)

	Audio & Video Terminology
		Videotape editing arrangement where scenes on tape are played alternately on VTRs A and B and recorded on VTR C. Typically, the final output recorded on CTR C contains some scenes from VTR A and some scenes from VTR B with transitions (cuts, mixes, wipes, etc.) between the scenes.
		In preparation for the edit, tapes are cued to a point ahead of the edit point to provide a proper preroll.
		A feature of some videotape recorders that plays back the video or audio signal off of tape before it reaches the record heads, sends the signal to an external device for modification, and then applies the modified signal to the record heads so that it can be re-recorded onto the tape in its original position.
	www.cs.columbia.edu /~hgs/rtp/glossary.htm (8451 words)

	MINI MANIA.COM FRONT WINDSHIELD GRAPHIC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Tape (with masking tape) your decal in place using one piece of tape down the middle of your decal.
		Remove the masking tape holding the left side in place, and repeat steps #4 and #5 for the left side of the decal.
		Remove the tape from the center of your decal.
	www.minimania.com /InvDetail.cfm?Item=NMX4064 (3724 words)

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