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Topic: Wisconsin card sort

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	Wisconsin Card Sort Test performance in a healthy elderly population. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Wisconsin Card Sort Test performance in a healthy elderly population.
		A 64-card version of the Wisconsin Card Sort Test (WCST) was administered to 5 groups (n = 95), aged 17 to 25, 64 to 69, 70 to 74, 75 to 79 and 80 to 87 years.
		The elderly groups were chosen for their lack of medical problems in order to determine if previously reported age-related deficits were due to chronic medical problems or to aging per se.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_3571874.html (168 words)

	SparkNotes: Brain Anatomy: Frontal Lobe
		One neuropsychological test often used to assess frontal lobe function is the Wisconsin Card Sort task.
		The subject must sort the cards according to one of those aspects, but he is not told which one; he must discover it through trial and error.
		Eventually, the subject might figure out that the rule is to sort by color, so he would place all the red cards in one pile, all the yellow cards in another pile, and all the blue cards in a third.
	www.sparknotes.com /psychology/neuro/brainanatomy/section3.rhtml (1274 words)

	Changes in regional cerebral blood flow due to cognitive activation among patients with schizophrenia -- TOONE et al. ...
		Nelson, H. A modified card sorting test sensitive to frontal lobe defects.
		Robinson, A. L., Heaton, R. K., Lehman, R. et al (1980) The utility of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in detecting and localising frontal lobe lesions.
		Stratta, P., Rossi, A., Mancini, F., et al (1993) Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance and educational level in schizophrenic and control samples.
	bjp.rcpsych.org /cgi/content/full/177/3/222 (3980 words)

	Number12's Scribbling's: STTCG - Problem Child
		Pandora, when Lite finishes the Wisconsin Card Sort, give a warning and then turn off the gravity for two minutes.
		What the computer wants him to do is match the cards by color.
		He doesn't seem to be matching the cards by any criteria other than sheer randomness, and somehow avoiding the right answer at all costs.
	www.wunderland.com /WTS/Number12/Writing/STTCG/sttcg17.html (855 words)

	Dissociable Forms of Inhibitory Control within Prefrontal Cortex with an Analog of the Wisconsin Card Sort Test: ...
		Perspex behind which the stimulus cards were placed.
		Dias R, Robbins TW, Roberts AC (1996b) Primate analogue of the Wisconsin Card Sort Test: effects of excitotoxic lesions of the prefrontal cortex in the marmoset.
		Roberts AC, Collins P, Wilkinson LS, Everitt BJ, Robbins TW (1994) Primate analogue of the Wisconsin Card Sort Test (WCST): a behavioural and microdialysis study of striatal dopamine function in the marmoset.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/17/23/9285 (8527 words)

	Dissociable Forms of Inhibitory Control within Prefrontal Cortex with an Analog of the Wisconsin Card Sort Test: ...
		Dissociable Forms of Inhibitory Control within Prefrontal Cortex with an Analog of the Wisconsin Card Sort Test: Restriction to Novel Situations and Independence from "On-Line" Processing -- Dias et al.
		Dissociable Forms of Inhibitory Control within Prefrontal Cortex with an Analog of the Wisconsin Card Sort Test: Restriction to Novel Situations and Independence from "On-Line" Processing
		Sort Test is associated with dorsolateral prefrontal damage, whereas
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/abstract/17/23/9285 (1701 words)

	Title page for ETD etd-04212006-141243
		The second goal of the study was to examine sources of variability in WMIC functioning in late childhood, with the intention of determining which sources of variability were associated with and contributed unique variance in explaining WMIC performance.
		Thirty-eight children (19 male) completed four age-appropriate interactive WMIC tasks (the color-word Stroop, the Fruit Stroop, the counting go/no-go and the Wisconsin Card Sort Test) and two language tasks.
		Unique and shared contributors within and across tasks (the color-word Stroop, the Fruit Stroop, the counting go/no-go and the Wisconsin Card Sort Test) and components (WM, IC, WMIC) are discussed in an effort to determine how sources of variability may be related to WMIC functioning.
	scholar.lib.vt.edu /theses/available/etd-04212006-141243 (413 words)

	Lafayette Instrument Animal Behavior - Monkey Cantab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Clinical neuropsychological paradigms, such as the Wisconsin Card Sort Test for measuring attentional set-shifting ability, have been rendered more accessible for monkeys
		The result is a battery of tests that can be used to study cognition in both experimental primates in the laboratory and humans in the clinic.
		Functional equivalence is suggested if the pattern of performance of monkey and man, at each stage of the test, is qualitatively similar and if comparable impairments are seen following damage to selective brain structures.
	www.lafayetteinstrument.com /animal_monkeycantab_main.html (1687 words)

	Insight and Neuropsychological Function in Patients With Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder With Psychotic Features (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Method: We administered the Wisconsin Card Sort Test (WCST) and a shortened version of the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD) to a sample of 64 patients with psychosis (42 with schizophrenia and 22 with BD).
		The idea of a complex relation between insight and neuropsychological function induced some investigators, using the Wisconsin Card Sort Test (WCST), to explore insight impairment in subjects with schizophrenia, with positive findings (3—5).
		The utility of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in detecting and localizing frontal lobe lesions.
	www.cpa-apc.org /Publications/Archives/CJP/2003/june/arduini.asp (2243 words)

	Spitzer M, Franke B, Walter H, Buechler J, Wunderlich AP, Schwab M, Kovar KA, Hermle L, Gron G. (2001) ...
		These included visual "pop out" search for one differently oriented line among a group of lines, indicating the similarity (directly related, indirectly related, unrelated) of word pairs or arrays of colored objects, and a simplified version of the Wisconsin Card Sort Test (WCST), a measure of executive function.
		R-(-)-MDE was associated with a slightly longer time for correctly identifying indirectly associated pairs, and S-(+)-MDE was associated with more rapid response to indirectly associated pairs, potentially suggesting activation of a more remote association network after the S enantiomer.
		Participants had shorter visual search times after R-(-)-MDE than at pre-drug or after S-(+)-MDE, and participants took significantly longer to switch sorting when appropriate ("switch costs") with the WCST after S-(+)-MDE than at pre-drug or.
	www.maps.org /research/mde/spitzer2001.html (571 words)

	10/96 Summary of Speech by Dr. Judith Jaeger
		functions, she used a Wisconsin Card Sort, which tests executive function.
		In this test, an individual is given a stack of cards that can be sorted
		The individual is asked to sort the cards.
	www.schizophrenia.com /newsletter/1096/1096jaeger.htm (696 words)

	Further Parameters of Insight and Neuropsychological Deficit in Schizophrenia and Other Chronic Mental Disease. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This recent study of 108 patients with schizophrenia, found, once again, strong correlations between various tests of frontal lobe function and level of insight.
		Using the Scale to assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD), Young and his colleagues found significant correlations between percent of perseverative errors on the Wisconsin Card Sort Test and overall awareness of illness and attributions for specific symptoms as measured by the SUMD.
		In this study bipolar patients were also examined using the same methodology, however no significant associations between the insight measure and tests of frontal lobe performance were found.
	www.psychlaws.org /MedicalResources/Insight9.htm (303 words)

	Alea Khan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The purpose of our research was to test the effect of nicotine nasal spray on measures of attention, verbal memory, and visual spatial memory in schizophrenic patients who were chronic smokers.
		My responsibilities while working with Dr. Smith included administering neurocognitive tests on patients (Wisconsin Card Sort, Visual Spatial Dot Memory Test, Vigil CPT, and ANAM), observing clinical interviews, writing monthly progress notes on research patients, and background research on patient’s drug history.
		From this study a research paper, Effects of Nicotine Nasal Spray on Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia, has been completed and is now being submitted for publication.
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /hhmi/AleaKhan.html (299 words)

	home index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Wisconsin Card Sort Test, Prose Recall performance and the Tower of London test were used to measure the extent of cognitive impairment of patients in the treatment group and patients in the control group.
		Patients in the treatment group attended training sessions, one hour a day, 4 days a week, for 11 weeks.
		Patients in the treatment group made significant gains on the Wisconsin Card Sort Test, Prose Recall performance and a trend toward improvement on the Tower of London.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~ghaznavi/schizotreat.html (515 words)

	NDRC Projects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Autistic disorder is generally associated with weaknesses involving cognitive flexibility, and autistic individuals perform poorly on classic tests of perseveration, such as the Wisconsin Card Sort (Liss et al, 2001) and the Tower of Hanoi (Ozonoff et al., 1991).
		Some evidence suggest that, on the Wisconsin Card Sort, autistic individuals have difficulty switching from one sorting set to another, and on the Tower of Hanoi, autistic individuals have difficulty planning and carrying out moves based on a series of set rules.
		Deficits in executive function, and performance on the tasks described above, are thought to be in large part under frontal lobe control.
	www.fpg.unc.edu /~ndrc/pages/projects.cfm?ID=166 (452 words)

	CSUDH: Curriculum Vitae of Dr. Waller (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		“The Wisconsin Card Sort: An Empirical and Philosophical Analysis of Presuppositions Regarding Flexibility of Cognition”, Science and Other Cultures: Issues in Philoso- phies of Science and Technology, edited by Robert Figueroa and Sandra Harding (New York: Routledge Publishing Co.) pp.
		NSF/APA Philosophical Explorations of Science, Technology and Diversity “The Wisconsin Card Sort: Multicultural Considerations Regarding Flexibility of Cognition” - CSUDH-Sara Waller, P.I. June-September, 2001.
		“The Wisconsin Card Sorting Task: Is Win-Stay, Lose-Shift an Appropriate Assumption for a Measure of Cognitive Flexibility?”, presented at the Fifth Annual Southern California Philosophy Conference, Cal State Long Beach, October 21.
	www.csudh.edu /philosophy/waller/pages/curriculum_vitae.htm (1710 words)

	bhv (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Task Names are key-words that classify experimental paradigms.
		Examples of Task Descriptors include: "Stroop Task", "Wisconsin Card Sort", "Continuous Performance Task", "Posner Paradigm", and so forth.
		This query path is intended primary for users conversant in behavioral experimentation, although not necessarily in neurobehavioral imaging.
	ric.uthscsa.edu /projects/manual_sview4/bhv.html (159 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Neuropsychological batteries administered per week included: Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery, Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery-III, WAIS-R/WISC-III, WMS-R/WRAML, WRAT-R/PIAT-R, Wisconsin Card Sort Test, MMPI2/MMPI-A, PIC, CBCL, Conners, TAT/CAT, Sentence Completion, Rorschach, HTP, IVA, and tests of neuropsychological malingering.
		Vayalakkara, J., Devaraju-Backhaus, S., Bradley, J., Simco, E.R., and Golden, C.J (1998): Abbreviated Form of the Wisconsin Card Sort Test.
		Abbreviated Form of the Wisconsin Card Sort Test.
	www.musc.edu /cvc/Joy.htm (1327 words)

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