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Topic: Wisconsin glaciation

	Wisconsin glaciation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This glaciation is made of three glacial maximums (commonly called ice ages) separated by interglacial periods (such as the one we are living in).
		In the region of Bern it merged with the Aar glacier.
		Montane and piedmont glaciers formed the land by grinding away virtually all traces of the older Günz and Mindel glaciation, by depositing base moraines and terminal moraines of different retraction phases and loess deposits, and by the pro-glacial rivers' shifting and redepositing gravels.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wisconsin_glaciation (1163 words)

	ipedia.com: Wisconsin Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Wisconsin is the 23rd largest state of the United States, (54,314 square miles) and 18th greatest population (5,453,896 as of 2002).
		Wisconsin's political history encompasses, on the one hand, Fighting Bob La Follette and the Progressive movement; and on the other, Joe McCarthy, the anti-communist "witch-hunter" of the 1950s.
		Wisconsin Territory was organized on July 3, 1836 and became the 30th state on May 29, 1848.
	www.ipedia.com /wisconsin.html (497 words)

	Talk:Wisconsin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Wisconsin's self-promotion as "America's Dairyland" sometimes leads to a mistaken impression that it is an exclusively rural state.
		Here in Wisconsin, the rivalry is often fueled by the differences in cultures between this area of Wisconsin, which is known for it's "Gemutlikeit" and laid-back bar attitude, whereas people from Chigago are concieved as people always rushing around from here to there, never slowing down.
		Wisconsin is home the largest rural settlement of people of Belgian nationality in the entire country (about twelve contiguous townships between Green Bay and Sturgeon Bay).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Wisconsin (5020 words)

	Glacial Stratigraphy and Chronology of Central Southern Wisconsin, West of the Rock River (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Miller, J.W., 2000, Glacial stratigraphy and chronology of central southern Wisconsin, west of the Rock River, Wisconsin: Madison, Wisconsin, M.S. Thesis, University of Wisconsin, 147 pp.
		During the Illinois Glaciation, the second glaciation recorded in the sedimentary record in southern Wisconsin, there were multiple advances and recessions of the Lake Michigan Lobe, which deposited, from west to east, the Ogle, Oregon, Allens Grove, and Clinton Members of the Walworth Formation.
		The furthest extent of the Green Bay and Lake Michigan Lobes during the last part of the late Wisconsin Glaciation is marked by the Johnstown moraine north of thestudy area and by the Darien and Marengo moraines east of the study area.
	www.geology.wisc.edu /~davem/abstracts/00-10.html (513 words)

	Wisconsin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Wisconsin's political history encompasses, on the one hand, Fighting Bob La Follette and the Progressive movement; and on the other, Joe McCarthy, the controversial anti-communist censured by the Senate during the 1950s.
		During both the 2000 and 2004 presidential elections, Wisconsin was considered a "swing" state due to its residents being relatively equally split between voting for the Democratic and Republican candidates.
		During the boom it appeared that southwest Wisconsin might become the population center of the state, and Belmont was briefly the state capital.
	www.creekin.net /n256-wisconsin.html (527 words)

	Wisconsin's Glacial Legacy
		The flat bed of glacial Lake Wisconsin, one these lakes, is a marked contrast to the unglaciated hills of the Driftless Area that bound its western side.
		In the areas of Wisconsin that were glaciated prior to the most recent glaciation, erosion has had time to modify the landscape and, as a result, glacial landforms are subdued or unrecognizable.
		Wisconsin’s legacy from the glaciers and meltwater streams of the Ice Age is a landscape of great diversity and beauty.
	www.nps.gov /iatr/expanded/history.htm (1343 words)

	Glaciation
		Although glaciers invaded the Chicago area repeatedly during the Quaternary period, the span of geologic time from about 1.8 million years ago to the present, the youngest, the Wisconsin-episode glacier, melted back into the Lake Michigan basin about 16,000 years ago.
		Fossil wood and soil remains found within and beneath the Wisconsin glacial deposits in northeastern Illinois reveal that a spruce forest was growing in the Chicago region when the glacier advanced out of the Lake Michigan basin.
		The glacial deposits at Chicago date to the later phases of the Wisconsin glacial episode in Illinois.
	www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org /pages/516.html (549 words)

	ES 331/767 Lecture 8
		During the late Wisconsin glaciation, an ice lobe extended southward along the Hudson valley and reached a maximum position marked by end moraines on Long Island and Staten Island.
		The three glacial landscape zones are the results of multiple glaciations and represent long-term, cumulative modifications of continental substratum by ice sheets.
		Iowa's glacial landmarks trail--the Des Moines ice lobe and glacial landforms, from the Iowa Geological Survey.
	academic.emporia.edu /aberjame/ice/lec08/lec8.htm (2236 words)

	[No title]
		Glacial Lake Mapping The extent of each glacial lake was modeled utilizing a simulated DEM of the period.
		The glacial ice contours and point elevations from the isostatically adjusted DEM were entered into ARC/INFO’s TOPOGRID command to generate a DEM of the terrain, during each stage of deglaciation.
		For example, the extents of glacial Lake Algonquin were determined by eliminating the land or all elevations above the level of the lake (184 meters).
	www.dnr.state.mi.us /ftp/forestry/Ice_Margins/Methods.doc (627 words)

	Kansas City glacial geology
		This glaciation is marked by gray till that fills the preglacial valleys of the region.
		Orientation of glacier flow is indicated by scratches and grooves on the boulder surface--needle points in direction of ice movement.
		Prior to glaciation, the major drainage of the region was the now-buried valley that trends across northeastern Kansas to St. Joseph, Missouri and continues eastward--part of the preglacial Grand River drainage.
	www.geospectra.net /lewis_cl/geology/glacial.htm (2209 words)

	CVO Website - Glaciations and Ice Sheets
		The effects of the glaciers can be seen in the stony soil of some areas, the hilly land surfaces dotted with lakes, the scratched and grooved bedrock surfaces, and the long, low ridges composed of sand and gravel which formed at the front of the ice sheet.
		The Quaternary history of the Puget Lowland is marked by three early Pleistocene glaciations (the Orting, Stuck, and Salmon Springs, separated by interglacial periods represented by the Alderton and Puyallup Formations) and two pre-late Wisconsin glaciations (the Double Bluff and Possession, separated by an interglacial period represented by the Whidbey Formation).
		Exposures of glacial drift in the vicinity of Mount St. Helens and in the Lewis River valley west of the volcano show that the area was glaciated at least three times prior to the Fraser Glaciation and prior to the formation of the Swift Creek assemblage.
	vulcan.wr.usgs.gov /Glossary/Glaciers/IceSheets/description_ice_sheets.html (7881 words)

	Ice Age Trail: History of Wisconsin's Glacial Landscape (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Wisconsin is the best place to witness many of the landforms created by continental glaciation.
		According to a 1995 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources report, "The greatest historical event impacting Wisconsin vegetation occurred 10,000-60,000 years ago when Wisconsin was invaded by continental ice sheets." Huge, now-extinct beasts, such as mammoth and mastodon, roamed areas near the glacial ice.
		Recent glacially deposited soil, gravel and boulders found in areas of almost every county along the Trail — deposited between 10,000 and 25,000 years ago during the late Wisconsin Glaciation.
	www.iceagetrail.org /infocenter/landscape.html (730 words)

	Minnesota River Valley Formation
		During the ice age, the climate was colder and glacial ice covered a large portion of North America.
		Throughout the Wisconsin Glaciation, lobes of glacial ice pushed in different directions across Minnesota's landscape.
		The map shows the maximum extent of the ice coverage during the last glacial advance (Wisconsin glaciation).
	mrbdc.mnsu.edu /mnbasin/fact_sheets/valley_formation.html (460 words)

	ES 331/767 Lecture 15
		Ice-lobe glaciation of this high-relief plateau topography resulted in an unusual mix of landforms associated both with alpine and lowland style glaciation.
		Till is the predominant glacial sediment in upland areas; whereas, stratified glacial sediment is found mainly in the valleys.
		Evidence of this reworking is seen in the fragments of glacial conglomerate found in valleys throughout central New York.
	academic.emporia.edu /aberjame/ice/lec15/lec15.htm (1431 words)

	Wisconsin glaciation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Wisconsin (in North America), Weichsel (in Scandinavia), Devensian (in the British Isles) or Würm glaciation (in the Alps) is the most recent period of the Ice Age, and ended some 10,000 Before Present (BP).
		In Scandinavia, only the western parts of Jutland (a part of Denmark) were ice-free during the glaciation and a large part of what is today the North Sea was dry land connecting Jutland with Britain.
		The Baltic Sea, with its unique brackish water, is a result of meltwater from the Weichsel glaciation combining with saltwater from the North Sea when the straits between Sweden and Denmark opened about 7,000 BP.
	glencove.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Wisconsinan_glaciation (810 words)

	Wisconsin (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Wisconsin glaciation, a period of the Ice Age
		Wisconsin River, a river in the state of Wisconsin
		University of Wisconsin, a major university in the state of Wisconsin
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wisconsin_(disambiguation) (135 words)

	Map of glacial limits and possible refugia in the southern Alexander Archipelago, Alaska, during the late Wisconsin ...
		During the late Wisconsin glaciation (circa 26,000-13,000 carbon-14 yr BP) the Cordilleran glacier complex formed vast ice fields and large glaciers along the crest of the Coast Mountains.
		For instance, the glacier that extended into the Dixon Entrance trough is known to have extended to the edge of the continental shelf.
		Previous studies suggested that during the late Wisconsin glaciation Cordilleran ice overwhelmed the Alexander Archipelago and terminated in one vast ice front at the edge of the continental shelf.
	geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov /metadata/map-mf/2424/metadata.faq.html (1462 words)

	Glaciation
		The Wisconsin Glaciation lasted from about 80,000 years ago until about12,000 years ago, leaving a terminal moraine about 900 miles in length throughout the state.
		The Green Bay lobe of the Wisconsin Glaciation formed pseudo caves on the Ledge and moved, apparently, parallel to the Niagra Escarpment.
		The glacier receded in a series of stages, creating recessional moraines, which mark a temporary icy delay in their retreat.
	www.fws.gov /midwest/Horicon/hisglacers.html (1352 words)

	AW2002 Abstract: Carrara
		As these glaciers flowed west toward the Gulf of Alaska they were joined by local glaciers originating on the higher reaches of the islands of the Alexander Archipelago (Mann and Hamilton, 1995).
		For instance, the glacier that flowed into the Dixon Entrance trough advanced to the edge of the continental shelf; its retreat began sometime after 15,000 to 16,000 BP and the trough was free of ice by 13,000 BP (Barrie and Conway, 1999).
		Although the exact extent of the late Wisconsin glaciers in southeastern Alaska is poorly known, the new bathymetric map indicates that most late Wisconsin glaciers along the western edge of the Alexander Archipelago did not extend to the shelf edge as some previous studies suggested (e.g.
	www.colorado.edu /Research/INSTAAR/ArcticWS/get_abstr.html?id=34 (827 words)

	Fudge Factor: Primitive Fudge
		This is the world of the Wisconsin glaciation, the last ice age to occur in North America.
		The glaciation that lasted from 70,000 years ago to roughly 10,000 years ago created an America that is so different as to almost be an alien land when compared to the modern landscape.
		The gigantic glacier greatly effected the landscape due to the weather conditions produced by it.
	www.fudgefactor.org /2005/07/primitive-fudge.html (4000 words)

	Wisconsin Glaciation and The Labrador Sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Wisconsin Glaciation and The Labrador Sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet
		As the ice sheets and glaciers waned and the land surface was uncovered, the forms implanted by the ice were left exposed or were covered by glacial debris waqshed out from the receding ice margins on land, in lakes or in the sea.
		The complex record of glacial and postglacial features and deposits remaining today afford a means of tracing the paths of the receding ice margins and interpreting the deglacial and postglacial patterns.
	park.org /Canada/Museum/champlain/GLACIAL.HTM (284 words)

	wisconsinglaciation.com
		A glaciation (a created composite term meaning Glacial Period, referring to the Period or Era of, as well as the process of High Glacial Activity), often called an ice age, is a geological phenomenon in which massive ice sheets form in the Arctic and Antarctic and advance toward the equator.
		Conversely, the term interglacial or Interglacial Period, such as the current era, is used to denote the absence of large-scale glaciation on a global scale — i.e., a non-Ice Age.
		Wisconsin (IPA pronunciation: [wɪs ˈkɑn sn̩]) is a state in the United States, located in the Midwest.
	wiki.jumis.com /Wisconsin_glaciation (359 words)

	[No title]
		The conclusion that early glaciations entered Wisconsin more than 700,000 years ago is based on lake and glacial sediment west of Eau Claire that has reversed magnetic polarity of lake sediment and till (Hersey and parts of the Kinnikinnic Members of the Pierce Formation (Baker, et al., 1994).
		Although there is evidence of early Wisconsin ice advances farther east in Ontario, there is little evidence of the extent of isotope stage 3 or 4 ice in the western Great Lakes area.
		That lack of evidence probably does not mean that glaciers failed to enter the region; rather, almost everywhere earlier deposits probably were mostly eroded and the remnants covered by younger materials laid down by the late Wisconsin glaciers.
	www.geology.wisc.edu /~davem/abstracts/03-1.htm (3889 words)

	Ice Age Trail: FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The most recent continental glaciation of North America is called the Wisconsin Glaciation.
		A variety of geological landforms associated almost exclusively with the work of continental glaciers are more conspicuous in Wisconsin than anywhere else in the world.
		Its purpose is to tell the story of the Ice Age and continental glaciation along a scenic footpath.
	www.iceagetrail.org /infocenter/faq.html (1111 words)

	County Map Project-Wisconsin
		Wisconsin must be the friendliest state I've visited.
		In fact, the final (or at least the most recent) stage of that glaciation is simply called the Wisconsin stage.
		Learn more about the geology of the Wisconsin glaciation from the US Park Service.
	webhost.bridgew.edu /jhayesboh/counties/wi.htm (222 words)

	GAGE pre-Wisconsin GIS project
		The Wisconsin and Illinoian glacial stages are still accepted and widely used for glacial stratigraphy and correlation in North America and elsewhere.
		Abstract of Pre-Illinoian glacial geomorphology and dynamics in the central United States, west of the Mississippi (Aber 1999).
		Hallberg, G.R. Pre-Wisconsin glacial stratigraphy of the Central Plains region in Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, and Missouri.
	www.emporia.edu /earthsci/gage/pre-wisc/pre-wisc.htm (511 words)

	[No title]
		Description: Abstract: This report is an overview of glacial limits and glacial history on the plains in northern Montana and northeastern North Dakota (long 102°-114°W.) and also in adjacent southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada.
		Glacial limits east of 102°, in the United States and also in adjacent Canada, are depicted on published maps of the U.S. Geological Survey Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States (I-1420) map series.
		Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: The gla_net coverage includes polygons that are units of glaciation and open water, and arcs that are limits of glaciation, color boundaries, and shoreline.
	pubs.usgs.gov /sim/2004/2843/sim2843.met (1480 words)

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