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	Witchcraft Act: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		The first act of Parliament directed specifically against witchcraft was the act De hæretico comburendo, passed at the instigation of Archbishop Thomas Arundel in 1401.
		It specifically named witchcraft --- sortilegium --- "sorcery," or "divination," as a species of heresy, and provided that unless the accused witch abjured these beliefs, she was to be burnt at the stake.
		This act of 1563 provided that anyone who should "use, practice, or exercise any Witchcraft, Enchantment, Charm, or Sorcery, whereby any person shall happen to be killed or destroyed," was guilty of felony without benefit of clergy, and was to be put to death.
	www.encyclopedian.com /wi/Witchcraft-Act.html (655 words)

	Witchcraft Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Acts of Parliament of the Kingdom of England to 1600
		Acts of Parliament of the Kingdom of England to 1640
		Acts of Parliament of the Kingdom of England to 1699
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Witchcraft_Act (802 words)

	Handreading, Witchcraft and the Law
		Witchcraft persecution in Europe grew out of the Catholic Inquisition, which was originally designed to exterminate so-called heretical versions of Christianity such as practised by the Cathars and the Albigensians in areas of Europe where the Catholic power base had become undermined.
		Despite the fact that chiromancy was not legally deemed to be witchcraft or born of a pact with the devil, the association was preserved in the popular mind.
		The Witchcraft Act of 1563 was amended under James I in 1604 and remained in force until 1735.
	www.johnnyfincham.com /history/witchcraft.htm (1525 words)

	wicca01
		This act was largely the result of ecclesiastical pressure upon the state to address rising public fears of witchcraft.
		In 1604 the Elizabethan Witchcraft Act was repealed, and a third and tougher act was passed for England and Scotland.
		For even among the earlier writers on witchcraft the opinion was not uncommonly held that the nocturnal rides and banquets with the devil were merely delusions, thought the guilt of the witch was not lessened thereby.
	www.florid.org /wicca01.htm (1707 words)

	Witchcraft in Medieval Scotland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		She brought many European ideas with her and her Witchcraft Act was based on the assumption that witchcraft equated with heresy, hence burning became the prescribed punishment for a traitor, a heretic or a witch -- but not for a murderer.
		One of his first acts on coming to the throne of England was to tighten Elizabeth's Witchcraft Act (1563), although he did not introduce the punishment of burning.
		All the Witchcraft Acts were repealed in 1736 (about the time that the story of Sawney Bean was given wide circulation in broadsheet form), to the consternation and dismay of many who still believed.
	members.aol.com /Skyelander/witch1.html (1223 words)

	Horrors of The National Archives \| Witches & witchcraft
		Witchcraft trials in England were most prevalent from the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century, when a number of laws about witchcraft were passed.
		She was convicted in 1944, and the Witchcraft Act was partially repealed in 1951.
		There are references to witchcraft trials in British colonies in the CO series, most notably a 1932 case in which 60 Kenyan natives had their death sentence commuted for the murder of a "witch" (CO 533/420/8).
	www.nationalarchives.gov.uk /horrors/witches.htm (309 words)

	All Empires History Forum: Women and Explanations for European Witchcraft, by Act of Oblivon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		England produced a wealth of witchcraft literature that covered the ‘religious, legal, medical and sociological aspects of witchcraft.’[10] Moreover, it could be concluded that such an array of literature must have promoted and stimulated beliefs in witchcraft, although mainly among the literate and elite classes.
		The Church saw the act of witchcraft as fundamentally a reversal of Christian doctrine, and therefore a threat to the stability of maintaining a ‘godly’ and well-ordered society.
		Witchcraft belief was a way to explain everyday fears and anxiety in a life that was intimately connected to the natural cycles of life.
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=7475&PN=1 (1651 words)

	Witchcraft in Medieval Scotland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		She brought many European ideas with her and her Witchcraft Act was based on the assumption that witchcraft equated with heresy, hence burning became the prescribed punishment for a traitor, a heretic or a witch -- but not for a murderer.
		One of his first acts on coming to the throne of England was to tighten Elizabeth's Witchcraft Act (1563), although he did not introduce the punishment of burning.
		All the Witchcraft Acts were repealed in 1736 (about the time that the story of Sawney Bean was given wide circulation in broadsheet form), to the consternation and dismay of many who still believed.
	hometown.aol.com /Skyelander/witch1.html (1231 words)

	Africast Global Africa Network- News
		The review was long overdue as the Act was the creation of the former colonial governments that did not fully understand witchcraft, said Gordon Chavhunduka, president of the Zimbabwe National Traditional Healers' Association (Zinatha) Thursday.
		However, critics have questioned the applicability of the Act, as judges are not qualified enough to deduce whether one is a witch or not.
		A pastor with a Pentecostal church in Harare who asked for anonymity said this Act is going to be difficult to apply as this is the work of evil spirits, something that the judges are not well versed with.
	news.africast.com /africastv/article.php?newsID=58548 (222 words)

	Paganism: A History of Witchcraft
		Witchcraft has a long eventful history, some of those events are joyous while others serve to remind us of the consequences of seeking to live freely.
		Witchcraft is often called the oldest religion existent in the West.
		In this way the act of ritual was born and became a part of the Old Religion then and now.The primitive people of those thousands of years ago were hunters who followed animal herds.
	shadow.htmlplanet.com /witchcraft.htm (2777 words)

	Witchcraft Act being finalised: South Africa: News: News24 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The proposed Mpumalanga Witchcraft Act will allow prosecutors to impose fines up to R5 000 or prison terms up to five years.
		The Act hopes to reduce the number of withcraft related violence in the province, such as incident that took place in Utah village, Bushbuckridge, on Freedom Day.
		A 38-year-old woman was accused of witchcraft when a 14-year-old cattle herder collapsed and died.
	www.news24.com /News24/South_Africa/News/0,,2-7-1442_2109604,00.html (348 words)

	The Witchcraft Act wasn't about women on brooms \| Guardian daily comment \| Guardian Unlimited
		The general public and the media tend to associate prosecutions under the act with actual witchcraft, but historian Owen Davies has pointed out that, in fact, the Witchcraft Act strove to eradicate the belief in witchcraft once and for all among educated people, the judiciary and the Anglican church.
		The Witchcraft Act was invoked as late as December 1944 when police warned Emily Johnson, the president of the Redhill Spiritualist Church, that if her activities continued she would be liable to prosecution.
		Both of these acts embody a long history of attempts by the authorities to protect the public from being duped by tricksters and fraudsters.
	www.guardian.co.uk /comment/story/0,,1997265,00.html?gusrc=rss&feed=27 (475 words)

	Australian Laws On Witchcraft
		N.S.W. - The English "Witchcraft Act of 1735" was repealed by the Imperial Acts Application Act 1969 (NSW), (having been repealed in England in 1951).
		The offence of fortune telling, [Section 4(2)(n) of the Vagrancy Act 1902 (NSW)] was repealed by the Summary Offences Act 1970 (NSW), and replaced by Section 39 of the Summary Offences Act 1970 (NSW), which was finally repealed by the Summary Offences Act (Repeal) Act 1979 (NSW).
		A person who, with intent to defraud purports to act as a spiritualist or medium or to exercise powers of telepathy or claivoyance or other similar powers, is guilty of an offence.
	www.janih.com /lady/laws.html (525 words)

	Melvin Powers Wilshire Book Company – Witchcraft, the Sixth Sense
		Witchcraft is claimed to be the oldest religion in the world; the cradle of all sects and cults and theologies of mankind.
		And with the change of the word, the popular conception of witchcraft changed also, so that a witch, once a respected and esteemed member of the community, became a near-outcast, from whom respectable men and women shuddered away.
		With the advance of what some would call materialism and some common-sense, witchcraft was taken less and less seriously, and as this happened, measures in force against it became less and less stringent.
	www.mpowers.com /books/witchcraft.html (297 words)

	II Journal: Title
		"Witchcraft in Africa includes the use of harmful medicines, charms, magic and any other means or devices in causing any illness, misfortune or death in any person or animal or in causing any injury to any person or animal or property," says Gordon Chavunduka, president of the Zimbabwe National Traditional Healers Association(1).
		While the apparent rise in witchcraft practice may be seen as the birth pangs of Zimbabwe's delivery into the global economy, explanations of witchcraft are not reducible solely to this process.
		Witchcraft is a deeply historical and cultural grammar of affliction and effrontery, malaise and malappropriation, modernity and "tradition" that demands examination on its own terms.
	www.umich.edu /~iinet/journal/vol7no2/simmons.htm (3044 words)

	Zimbabwean law and witchcraft
		Zimbabwe’s Witchcraft Suppression Act was one of those laws inherited from the old Cape Colony.
		It is the act not the belief that is becoming criminal.
		Such a belief is still a mitigating factor, although the courts are correctly becoming harder to convince as higher education spreads and the fear of witchcraft diminishes.
	www.newzimbabwe.com /pages/witchcraft.14063.html (715 words)

	Bartholomew's notes on religion
		WITCHCRAFT practices will, with effect from July this year, be legally recognised in Zimbabwe following the amendment of some sections of the Witchcraft Suppression Act.
		In an interview yesterday, the Minister of Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs, Cde Patrick Chinamasa, confirmed the amendment of Part VI of Chapter V of the Witchcraft Suppression Act, which will be implemented in the courts of law with effect from July 1, 2006.
		The court was told last week that Hlalaleni had allegedly been practising witchcraft and that she had threatened family members with her "good muthi".
	blogs.salon.com /0003494/2006/04/26.html (780 words)

	The Occult..An Overview
		There shall not be found among you anyone who makes his son or his daughter pass through the fire, one who uses divination, one who practices witchcraft, or one who interprets omens, or a sorcerer, or one who casts a spell, or a medium, or a spiritist, or one who calls up the dead.
		Divination: the act of divining sorcery; soothsaying; pagan contrast to true prophecy or prophesying; man's attempt to know and control the world and future apart from the true God using means other than human; foretelling or foreseeing the future or discovering hidden knowledge through reading omens, dreams, using lots, astrology, or necromancy.
		Witchcraft: soothsaying; practice of witches; the use of formulas and incantations to practice sorcery; act of producing extraordinary effects by the invocation or aid of demons; the use of magic arts, spells, or charms.
	www.inplainsite.org /html/the_occult_an_overview.html (1558 words)

	81 "Witches" Pardoned in Prestonpans, Scotland
		Witchcraft was made a capital offense under Scotland’s Witchcraft Act of 1563 (also known as Mary’s Law) that was given royal assent by Mary, Queen of Scots.
		Witchcraft trials were legal insofar as suspects were indicted under the Witchcraft Act of 1563.
		Prior to the Witchcraft Act of 1735 a few brave souls spoke out against the prosecution, conviction and execution of people who were plainly innocent of committing a capital crime.
	forejustice.org /wc/sp/scottish_pardons.html (2510 words)

	Witchcraft
		However, the witchcraft substance may remain dormant throughout the witch’s life time and he is thus not classified as a witch.
		Witchcraft leads to a slow wasting disease and causes death by slow stages.
		Human beings are believed to transform into were-animals as a witchcraft deed, and cause damage or destruction to people and their possessions.
	members.tripod.com /aalsafi/tm/beliefs/witchcraft.htm (1561 words)

	WorldWide Religious News-Zimbabwe outlaws practise of witchcraft
		The police were also powerless to act, and just recently, the country's chief police spokesman said it was next to impossible to prove that one was a witch.
		"Witchcraft is not an area that lends itself to police scrutiny," said Wayne Budzijena, the Zimbabwe Republic Police spokesman.
		The amended Part VI of Chapter V of the Witchcraft Suppression Act now reads: "Whoever accuses a person of witchcraft means to indicate that the person (is possessed by a spirit or) used non-natural means (witch-finding) to cause death, injury, disease or inability in any person.
	www.wwrn.org /article.php?idd=21276&sec=36&cont=3 (817 words)

	Children of Artemis - Witchcraft & Wicca
		Witchcraft is as old as the human race, and it is actively practised today, by people of all classes.
		To its devotees, witchcraft is more than spells and charms, or even secret meetings and rituals; it is a philosophy and a way of life.
		Since the last Witchcraft Act was repealed in 1951, the revival of public interest in witchcraft has been the subject of continuous controversy.
	www.witchcraft.org /books/Doreen.htm (936 words)

	Mohammed A. Diwan, Conflict Between State Legal Norms And Norms Underlying Popular Beliefs: Witchcraft In Africa As A ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Witchcraft attributes supernatural powers to a human being, either through ascribing these attributes to a pact with the devil, similar to accusations made in New England during the Salem Witch Trials, or through other means.
		and the judge held that the act of mere upsetting was not equivalent to disease or injury.
		The judge was not concerned with the defendant's belief in witchcraft, and he focused on the principle that by transmitting the spirit's message to the woman, the defendant made an imputation of witchcraft.
	www.law.duke.edu /journals/djcil/articles/DJCIL14P351.HTM (11972 words)

	Wicca - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Wicca is thus generally considered to be distinct from witchcraft, which does not of itself imply any specific religious, ethical or ritual elements, and is practiced in various forms by people of many religions, as well as by some atheists.
		Despite the popular negative connotations associated with witchcraft, Wiccans see their use of witchcraft as positive and good, and fl or evil magic is viewed as antithetical to Wiccan beliefs and activities.
		Because of the popular negative connotations associated with witchcraft, many Wiccans continue the traditional practice of secrecy, concealing their faith for fear of persecution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wicca (6031 words)

	[No title]
		During the Midieval era witchcraft became a popular form of rebellion against Church and state which was interpreted as heresy.
		However, witchcraft was not the only kind of rejection of institutional structure.
		One form of witchcraft and sorcery is "divination." Divination is an attempt to obtain, by supernatural means, information which cannot be obtained by natural processes of study and investigation.
	www.lycos.com /info/witchcraft--miscellaneous.html (326 words)

	Witchcraft in the Church
		One of the greatest acts of "sorcery" in the Church, has been to persuade those who have received the baptism of the Spirit that the Church's members include those who have never truly been baptized into the body of Christ by Jesus.
		I suppose it is NOT a willing act in many cases, nevertheless, the effect is the same (despite their intention.) But Jesus has allowed us to pull back the veil so that the Church can see.
		The "her" is the idolatry of Christianity - it's creeds, sects, denominations, ceremonies - all of it is "witchcraft" - none of the things done in them which the Spirit has not ordained is acceptable to God.
	www.isaiah58.com /tracts/witchcraft.html (1762 words)

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