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Topic: Withdrawal

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	Withdrawal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One of the primary agents in withdrawal is the brain chemical dopamine.
		Withdrawal from addictive substances is typically followed by anxiety and craving, while behavioral withdrawal is marked by a need to continue the behavior despite reason or logic.
		While nicotine withdrawal, for instance, is usually managed without medical intervention, attempting to give up a benzodiazepine or alcohol dependency can result in seizures and worse if not carried out properly.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Withdrawal (765 words)

	Encyclopedia: Withdrawal
		Persons who require antidepressants, for instance, are not addicted to them in the technical sense, yet abrupt, unmonitored withdrawal from such medications can cause withdrawal symptoms that have been reported by many patients to be worse than those from opiates such as heroin or narcotic painkillers.
		Withdrawal, which in regular abusers may occur as early as a few hours after the last administration, produces drug craving, restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea and vomiting, cold sweats with goose bumps ("cold turkey"), kicking movements ("kicking the habit"), and other symptoms.
		Sudden withdrawal by heavily dependent users who are in poor health is occasionally fatal, although heroin withdrawal is considered much less dangerous than alcohol or barbiturate withdrawal.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Withdrawal (373 words)

	Withdrawal syndromes
		Withdrawal syndrome occurs in drug and alcohol addicted individuals who discontinue or reduce the use of their drug of choice.
		Drug dosage is adjusted to offset the discomfort of withdrawal, without causing a euphoric effect, and is then gradually decreased as withdrawal symptoms lessen.
		It is important to note that methadone withdrawal treatment differs from a methadone maintenance program, in which patients who are unwilling to give up opiates are prescribed methadone as a legal, long-term substitute for their drug of choice.
	www.lifesteps.com /gm/Atoz/ency/withdrawal_syndromes_pr.jsp (1531 words)

	FHI - Contraceptive Update: Withdrawal Popular in Some Cultures
		The withdrawal method of family planning is a male-controlled method that is widely used in some countries, but has not been rigorously studied by science.
		Researchers have found that withdrawal is frequently used in conjunction with other methods, is not always recognized as a method by the person being surveyed, and may not be reported in traditional surveys of contraceptive use.
		While experts estimate typical failure rates for withdrawal at 19 percent, this figure is based on only four studies since the 1960s.7 One of those, a prospective study conducted by Dr. Martin Vessey and colleagues in England, found only a 7 percent failure rate, based on 674 women-years of withdrawal use and 45 unintended pregnancies.
	www.fhi.org /en/RH/Pubs/Network/v17_1/nt1717.htm (1558 words)

	Practice Guidelines,PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL: JAMA 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In one case report, the diagnosis of withdrawal delirium was significantly delayed in a patient who presented with marked confusion because the patient had earlier been placed on a regimen of propranolol and thus demonstrated none of the autonomic hyperactivity classically associated with alcohol withdrawal delirium.
		In patients with acute concomitant medical or psychiatric illness, or concurrent withdrawal from other drugs, these scales should be used with caution because they rate signs and symptoms which may be caused by the other condition and not by the alcohol withdrawal.
		For patients with a history of prior withdrawal seizures, it is a reasonable option to provide one of the recommended medications at the time of presentation, regardless of the severity of withdrawal symptoms (Level III evidence).
	www.asam.org /publ/withdrawal.htm (6961 words)

	Withdrawal
		Withdrawal symptoms may vary from individual to individual for the same substance.
		While nicotine withdrawal, for instance, is usually managed without medical intervention, attempting to give up a benzodiazepine or alcohol dependency can result in seizures if not carried out properly.
		Persons who require antidepressants, for instance, are not addicted to them in the technical sense, yet abrupt, unmonitored withdrawal from such medications is potentially lethal as a result of the emotional state it can precipitate.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/w/wi/withdrawal.html (444 words)

	eMedicine - Withdrawal Syndromes : Article by Ashok Jain, MD, MPH, ABMT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Withdrawal symptoms appear within 6-12 hours after individuals cease or decrease alcohol intake and are usually relieved by consuming additional alcohol.
		The half-life of the opioid causing withdrawal syndrome determines the onset and duration of symptoms.
		Many regimens for treating withdrawal involve cross-tolerant medications titrated to the severity of the withdrawal by gradually decreasing the dose and by increasing the dosing interval to wean the patient from the original substance.
	www.emedicine.com /EMERG/topic643.htm (8216 words)

	Withdrawal on the Agenda
		The withdrawal resolution Jones and his co-sponsors put forward was, on the face of it, Vietnam-ish in the sense that it had relatively little to do with actual withdrawal.
		So here we are on Vietnam-like withdrawal turf, and one sure sign of that is the sudden foregrounding of a series of predictions about the horrors that would occur if the United States were to withdraw from Iraq.
		Withdrawal plans must come, but probably not from the likes of me. A look at history (by those more expert than I) might be of use.
	www.motherjones.com /commentary/columns/2005/06/withdrawal.html (5808 words)

	Caffeine, caffeine withdrawal, adenosine, and primary headache (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The near-universal use of caffeine, combined with the demonstrated ability of caffeine to potentiate a withdrawal syndrome indistinguishable from migraine without aura, suggests caffeine may be a major cause, if not the major or sole cause, of migraine without aura.
		A simpler explanation would be that caffeine withdrawal causes only one highly variable condition that has been mistaken for multiple distinct conditions, and that caffeine aborts primary headache by reversing caffeine withdrawal.
		Caffeine and caffeine withdrawal conform perfectly to the modified formula: caffeine potentiates caffeine withdrawal, and caffeine withdrawal precipitates a syndrome which, when severe, is indistinguishable from a migraine episode (and so is, for all practical purposes, a migraine episode).
	www.batnet.com /spencer/theory.html (4375 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Alcohol withdrawal
		Alcohol withdrawal refers to symptoms that may occur when a person who has been drinking too much alcohol every day suddenly stops drinking alcohol.
		Call your health care provider or go the emergency room if symptoms indicate alcohol withdrawal, especially in a person who has a history of habitual use of alcohol, or a history of stopping use of alcohol after a period of heavy alcohol consumption.
		Alcohol withdrawal is a serious condition that may rapidly become life-threatening.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000764.htm (759 words)

	Factors Influencing Optimal Feed Withdrawal Duration
		There are numerous factors which influence the effectiveness of feed withdrawal; however, before discussing these factors, it is important to have a clear understanding of the goals behind implementation of a feed withdrawal program.
		In general, it is recommended that feed withdrawal programs be extended 2 to 3 hours for broilers during the summer months to accommodate changes in the slower rate of feed passage.
		Additionally, length of feed withdrawal affects the microbiological condition of the broiler's digestive tract, which may in turn affect the plant's ability to meet the carcass microbiological standards as stated in the final ruling.
	pubs.caes.uga.edu /caespubs/pubcd/B1187.htm (3225 words)

	Medical/Compassionate Withdrawal Policy
		A medical/compassionate withdrawal request may be made in extraordinary cases in which serious illness or injury (medical) or another significant personal situation (compassionate) prevents a student from continuing his or her classes, and incompletes or other arrangements with the instructors are not possible.
		compassionate withdrawal when extraordinary personal reasons, not related to the student’s personal physical or mental health (for example, care of a seriously ill child or spouse, or a death in the student’s immediate family), prevent the student from continuing in classes.
		For a medical withdrawal, provide a letter from your attending health care provider that specifies the date of onset of illness, the dates you were under professional care, the general nature of your medical condition and why/how it prevented you from completing your course work, the date of your anticipated
	www.asu.edu /registrar/forms/info/medinst.html (1041 words)

	How bad is Heroin Withdrawal?
		They may voluntarily withdraw to reduce their tolerance, or the scene may be temporarily too much of a hassle, or they may have an important engagement such as a trial, at which an appearance of addiction would be undesirable.
		The withdrawal syndrome we have been discussing is what is termed 'primary' or 'early' abstinence.
		Fortunately for withdrawing addicts, other drugs beside the opiates can depress this region and one of them is clonidine.
	www.druglibrary.org /schaffer/heroin/herowith.htm (1884 words)

	InfoFacts - Heroin
		Withdrawal, which in regular abusers may occur as early as a few hours after the last administration, produces drug craving, restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea and vomiting, cold flashes with goose bumps ("cold turkey"), kicking movements ("kicking the habit"), and other symptoms.
		Sudden withdrawal by heavily dependent users who are in poor health is occasionally fatal, although heroin withdrawal is considered less dangerous than alcohol or barbiturate withdrawal.
		For women who do not want or are not able to receive pharmacotherapy for their heroin addiction, detoxification from opiates during pregnancy can be accomplished with relative safety, although the likelihood of relapse to heroin use should be considered.
	www.nida.nih.gov /Infofax/heroin.html (1482 words)

	Effexor Withdrawal Information Here
		Effexor withdrawal symptoms, along with paxil withdrawal symptoms, have truly set the standard for pain and suffering from an antidepressant.
		Effexor withdrawal symptoms can easily last two months or more, and some people don't feel back to normal even after a year of discontinuation.
		According to their method of counting, 35% of the Effexor patients experienced withdrawal symptoms ranging from a flu-like syndrome to insomnia, nausea, nervousness, and loss of energy.
	www.join-the-fun.com /effexor-withdrawal.html (610 words)

	NIDA - Publications - NIDA Notes - Vol. 17, No. 3 - Research Findings
		Budney and his colleagues evaluated withdrawal symptoms in 12 adult marijuana smokers (7 male, 5 female, average age 30 years) over 3-day abstinence periods that followed 5-day periods when participants could smoke marijuana at will.
		During the study, participants lived at home and made daily records rating the intensity of withdrawal symptoms (on a scale from 0, "not at all," to 3, "severe") over the preceding 24 hours.
		It seems clear now that withdrawal from marijuana produces identifiable behavioral and emotional distress that may be as important as, if not more important than, physical symptoms in the development of dependence and undermining attempts to quit using the drug," Dr. Budney says.
	www.drugabuse.gov /NIDA_Notes/NNVol17N3/Demonstrates.html (628 words)

	Contraceptive Methods: Withdrawal
		Male withdrawal, also called coitus interruptus, requires a man to withdraw his penis from his partner's vagina prior to ejaculation.
		Withdrawal has been used as a contraceptive for centuries and can be effective in preventing pregnancy when clients are motivated and able to practice it correctly and consistently with every act of intercourse—that is, with perfect use.
		Most clients can use withdrawal safely throughout their reproductive years (if they are satisfied with the method and have no problems with it).
	www.rho.org /html/cont-withdrawal.htm (227 words)

	Withdrawal Plan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The definition of "withdrawal" in paragraph (15) is changed in response to a comment suggesting clarification that withdrawal plans must be filed when insurers or HMOs begin making plans to reduce their insurance activity in the state.
		A commenter suggested that the definition of withdrawal in §7.1802 and the language in §7.1805(a)(8)(B) be changed to make it clear that a withdrawal plan must be filed before an insurer or HMO actually reduces its presence in the Texas insurance market.
		A separate withdrawal plan must be filed for each insurance company or HMO intending to totally or substantially withdraw from a line or lines of insurance.
	www.tdi.state.tx.us /rules/withdrawal2.html (3818 words)

	CBS News \| Syria Hints At Lebanon Withdrawal \| February 21, 2005 10:30:01
		The Lebanese opposition blames Syria and its allied government in Beirut for the assassination and on Monday tens of thousands of protesters converged in Beirut to condemn Damascus and demand a withdrawal of its army.
		A total withdrawal was to be discussed between the Lebanese and Syrian governments at a later stage.
		Syria's critics in Lebanon have said the withdrawals were tactical and demanded a total pullout and an end to Syrian military intelligence involvement in the country's politics.
	www.cbsnews.com /stories/2005/02/21/world/main675226.shtml (591 words)

	Narcotic Abuse - Symptoms - MentalHealthChannel
		Intoxication and withdrawal are described as opioid-induced disorders by the American Psychiatric Association in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).
		Intoxication is the immediate effect of an opiate drug, which occurs more quickly when the drug is taken intravenously (IV) or nasally ("snorted") as opposed to orally.
		Withdrawal may occur 4 to 12 hours after stopping heavy and prolonged use of narcotics, depending on the drug, and may last 14 days.
	www.mentalhealthchannel.net /narcotic/symptoms.shtml (570 words)

	Alcohol withdrawal
		The withdrawal usually occurs within 5-10 hours after the last drink, but it may occur up to 7-10 days later.
		Excessive alcohol use is generally considered the equivalent of 2-6 pints of beer (or 4 oz of "hard" alcohol) per day for one week or habitual use of alcohol that disrupts a person's life and routines.
		The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition.
	www.healthcentral.com /mhc/top/000764.cfm (296 words)

	Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome -- familydoctor.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Alcohol withdrawal syndrome is a set of symptoms that people have when they suddenly stop drinking after using alcohol for a long period of time.
		Withdrawal symptoms rarely occur in people who only drink once in a while.
		This is especially true for people who have had a bad withdrawal before and people who have other health problems, such as infections, heart disease, lung disease or a history of seizures.
	familydoctor.org /handouts/007.html (508 words)

	Looking at Your 401(k) Withdrawal Options (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The truth is, you can withdraw funds from your 401(k) anytime you leave a company no matter what your age.
		You can withdraw money as you need it, subject to the IRA minimum distribution rules, and pay income tax only on the amount you withdraw.
		If you do not withdraw the mandatory minimum amount beginning at age 70½, your 401(k) may lose its tax benefits and you will have to pay a 50% tax penalty on the required distribution.
	www.chaffey.com /hffo9907/0799_b.htm (1453 words)

	CNN.com - Violence hits Gaza pullout - Aug 14, 2005
		Israel also is withdrawing from four Jewish settlements in the West Bank -- like Gaza, land that Israel has occupied since the 1967 Six-Day War.
		Israel also plans to withdraw its troops from Gaza by the Jewish New Year, Rosh Hashanah, in the beginning of October.
		Israeli government officials have said they hope the withdrawal will change the political landscape of the Middle East, opening the way for resumption of peace negotiations with the Palestinian Authority.
	www.cnn.com /2005/WORLD/meast/08/14/gaza.pullout (1367 words)

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