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Topic: Witwatersrand Gold Rush and the Establishment of Johannesburg

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	Witwatersrand Gold Rush - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is believed that it was a Sunday in March 1886 that an Australian gold miner, George Harrison, stumbled across a rocky outcrop of the main gold-bearing reef.
		The gold rush saw massive development of Johannesburg and the Witwatersrand, and the area remains the prime metropolitan area of South Africa.
		The Witwatersrand Gold Rush was a major contributing factor of the failed Jameson Raid of 1895 to 1896, and of the outbreak of the Second Boer War in 1899.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Witwatersrand_Gold_Rush (425 words)

	Gold (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The color of solid gold as well as of the intensely colored, often purple, colloidal solutions that can be made from it is caused by the fact that the plasmon frequency of this element lies in the visible range, which causes red and yellow light to be reflected and blue light to be absorbed.
		Gold ore grades may be as little as 0.5 g/1000 kg (0.5 ppm) on average in large easily mined deposits, typical ore grades in open-pit mines are 1 - 5 g/1000 kg (1-5 ppm), ore grades in underground or hard rock mines are usually at least 3 g/1000 kg (3 ppm) on average.
		Gold is extracted from alluvium ores by techniques of placer mining and from hard rock ores by initially crushing and grinding the ore and then by one or more of the following techniques; gravity separation, flotation, cyanidation, amalgamation, chlorination, roasting, bioleaching or pressure oxidation (autoclaving).
	www.free-download-soft.com /info/gold.html (2267 words)

	History of Johannesburg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The establishment of modern-day Johannesburg began in 1886 with the discovery of gold and the Witwatersrand reef.
		Over time, waves of migrants into the area established an Iron Age culture, until the discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand in 1886.
		Gold was discovered in the Johannesburg region in 1886, setting off a mass migration of people to Johannesburg to try their luck at finding gold.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Johannesburg (291 words)

	gold Information Center - gold
		Gold in antiquity was relatively easy to obtain geologically; however, 75% of all gold ever produced has been extracted gold digger kayne west since 1910.[2] It has been estimated that all the gold in the world that has ever been refined would form a single cube 20 m (66 ft) a side.
		Historically gold was used to back currency in an economic gold gold quotes pendant system known as the gold standard in which one unit of currency was equivalent to a certain weight of gold.
		Economic gold extraction can be achieved from ore grades as little as 0.5 g/1000 kg (0.5 ppm) on average in large easily mined deposits, typical ore grades in open-pit mines are 1–5 g/1000 kg (1-5 ppm), ore grades in underground or hard rock mines are usually at least 3 g/1000 kg (3 ppm) on average.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Chemistry_Topics_G_-_Ha/gold.html (3506 words)

	Witwatersrand - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Witwatersrand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The chief city of the region is Johannesburg.
		Johannesburg is the centre of the Rand but ‘reef towns’, which were once suburbs of Johannesburg, became flourishing, independent towns, including Germiston, Benoni, Springs, and Krugersdorp.
		While gold was the foundation for the development of Witwatersrand, output from manufacturing has now surpassed the profits from gold mining.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Witwatersrand (589 words)

	Johannesburg Travel
		Johannesburg is also the site of Johannesburg International Airport, the largest and busiest airport in Africa (although technically it lies in Kempton Park, in the Ekhuruleni municipality, which, although it may be considered part of the Greater Johannesburg Metropolitan Area has a separate municipal government).
		Johannesburg's land area of 1,644 km² is very large when compared to other cities—causing the population density to appear very low, at only 1,962/km².
		Johannesburg has a crime problem because many poor people moved into areas that they were not allowed to live in before, where as in New York the crime problem of the 1980's mostly sprung up because the city government was completely bankrupt and unable to to provide any services or adequate police protection.
	www.artistbooking.com /trips/117/johannesburg-travel.html (1504 words)

	gold
		Gold is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Au (L. aurum) and atomic number 79.
		Gold in antiquity was relatively easy to obtain geologically; however, 75% of all gold ever produced has been extracted since 1910.[2] It has been estimated that all the gold in the world that has ever been refined would form a single cube 20 m (66 ft) a side.
		Historically gold was used to back currency in an economic system known as the gold standard in which one unit of currency was equivalent to a certain weight of gold.
	www.etigazette.com /Top-News-Searches-2005-God-to-Gra/gold.php (3889 words)

	Mount Anderson Ranch - situated in the Drakensberg Mountains of the Mpumalanga Province, water conservancy, wildlife ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the 1870s, it was part of the first South African gold rush, and in the 1920s and 1930s Mount Anderson had a brief gold rush of its own when the Mount Anderson Gold Field supported prosperous little mines such as Golden Hill, Jackpot, Little Joker, Formosa and Finsbury.
		Gold was detected in the Lydenburg District, in the Murchison hills (Gravelotte) in 1868/70, the Sutherland Range (along the Shingwedzi and Letaba Rivers) and around Mount Anderson and Mauch.
		Concerning this area, gold was located in and along both sides of the Spekboom River on the farm Nooitgedacht, situated between Natalshoop and Finsbury.
	www.mountanderson.com /history.htm (2484 words)

	Geological Heritage Tours: Gauteng Historical Gold
		Southern Africa's indigenous people mined gold for hundreds of years prior to the influx of Europeans in the 19th C. Considerable gold, largely of alluvial origin, was probably recovered during the first part of the 2nd Millenium.
		It was exactly here in 1886 that George Harrison and George Walker discovered the first "payable gold" on the Witwatersrand proper, an event that was to change the face of South Africa.
		In 1882 gold was discovered nearby on the farm Tweefontein and in 1885 Siegmund Hammerschlag installed a 10 stamp crushing battery, the first on the Witwatersrand.
	www.geosites.co.za /historicalgold.htm (1110 words)

	travel.iafrica.com \| city guides \| johannesburg Vibrant, sophisticated and cosmopolitan
		It was the gold rush that transformed this unpopulated South African hinterland into Johannesburg and Pretoria, the most important cities of South Africa.
		Johannesburg was born out of the discovery of gold.
		Johannesburg is the gateway to Africa offering direct connections to the country's major tourist attractions.
	travel.iafrica.com /cityguides/johannesburg/21410.htm (521 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		To seize opportunities at capital appreciation a higher gold component may be warranted by awareness of current events that threaten paper-dominated financial security with political instability or protracted weakness in markets or currencies, foreign or domestic.
		The gold broker or dealer that is right for you should be one that is well-connected and involved in the gold market through a long history of service, is knowledgeable of macroeconomic conditions, listens to your needs, and offers advice appropriate for your individual portfolio.
		For example, gold won't burn, but if you live in a high rise or multi-unit residence, you must consider whether your gold would be recoverable assuming collapse of the structure in a fire.
	www.planetgold.info /Gold1176132.aspx (3235 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Gold is an asset which is not simultaneously a liability.
		Gold does not require political and social stability to survive,in fact it thrives under the worst societal conditions possible.
		Gold Star Wives of America, Inc. is here for all widows and widowers, including those from the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts, who are eligible for access to our free email chat group.
	www.planetgold.info /Gold28148.aspx (3200 words)

	Scramble for Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The latter half of the 19th century saw the transition from the "informal" imperialism of control through military influence and economic dominance to that of direct rule.
		Like his predecessor Lt. Robert Stockton, who in 1821 established the site for Monrovia by "persuading" a local chief referred to as "King Peter" to sell Cape Montserado (or Mesurado) by pointing a pistol at his head, Ashmun was prepared to use force to extend the colony\'s territory.
		Jules Ferry, French Republican who, as prime minister, directed the negotiations which led to the establishment of a protectorate in Tunis (1881), prepared the December 17, 1885 treaty for the occupation of Madagascar; directed the exploration of the Congo and of the Niger region; and organized the conquest of Indochina.
	www.redwoodcitycaus.com /topic/Scramble_for_Africa (6364 words)

	:: NEWTOWN HOTSPOTS UPBEAT ABOUT DEVELOPMENTS :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		THE transformation of Newtown, a vibrant cultural and tourism area on the western edge of Johannesburg city centre, into a 24-hour shopping, entertainment, business, retail and residential hub promises a gold rush for entertainment joints in Newtown.
		Entertainment hotspots located in the precinct are upbeat about the establishment of Central Place, a spacious entertainment area bordering Mary Fitzgerald Square to the north, the Turbine Hall to the east and the Bus Factory and Design Centre, which is being transformed into a development zone, to the south.
		I know of some entertainment establishments in Rivonia who say residents have been complaining about noise and are planning to relocate to Newtown.
	www.joburg.org.za /2004/sep/sep27_newtown.stm (981 words)

	Ebert
		Gold Reef City: Visit Gold Reef City where the gold rush fever at the city’s origins is recreated.
		The extraction of gold from ore is demonstrated and watch the smelting of gold.
		Pretoria: Visit the Voortrekker monument where the history of the great trek up to the battle of the blood river and the establishment of the Boer republic is told on a series of friezes.
	foxweb.marist.edu /users/laura.ebert/gauteng.shtml (261 words)

	Golden Pot Archives
		The message coming from gold executives and the newsletter editors and fund managers who specialize in precious metals is that they expect gold to pierce $325 to $330 an ounce, a level that has repelled further advances thus far this year.
		Gold is just another good for which the dollar can be exchanged, and in that sense is legally no different from a gallon of milk, a tank of gas, or an hour of babysitting services.
		Gold's last big rally was in 1993 but the metal has soared higher again in recent weeks as political tension between the US and the Middle East gathered pace.
	www.sharelynx.com /gp/goldenpot-aap.php (18821 words)

	Travel Johannesburg
		The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, is a leading Higher Education establishment in Africa.
		The Johannesburg Plan of Implementation (JPol) and the Political that were adopted in Johannesburg at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD)
		The gold rush of 1886 and the history of Johannesburg.
	www.flybirdy.com /Destination.aspx?Name=Johannesburg (859 words)

	Council for Geoscience Report Collection - Open Reports 1981 to 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		REPORT ON THE FEASIBILITY OF THE IN SITU RADIOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF THE URANIUM GRADE IN WITWATERSRAND GOLD AND URANIUM MINES.
		REGIONAL GRAVITY SURVEY OF THE WITWATERSRAND BASIN IN THE SOUTHERN TRANSVAAL AND THE NORTHERN ORANGE FREE STATE.
		ESTABLISHMENT OF ADDITIONAL BOREHOLES FOR POSSIBLE EMERGENCY EXPLOITATION OF GROUNDWATER IN TWO SUB-COMPARTMENTS IN THE TARLTON AREA.
	www.geoscience.org.za /reports/openreports1981_1999.htm (9081 words)

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