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Topic: Wladislaus II of Poland

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	Poland - LoveToKnow 1911
		It is to him that Poland owed the important acquisition of the greater part of Red Russia, or Galicia, which enabled her to secure her fair share of the northern and eastern trade.
		Poland, as the next neighbour of Hungary, was more seriously affected than any other European power by this catastrophe, but her politicians differed as to the best way of facing it.
		All the.more disquieting was the internal condition of the country, due mainly to the invasion of Poland by the Reformation, and the coincidence of this invasion with an internal revolution of a quasi-democratic character, which aimed at substituting the rule of the szlachta for the rule of the senate.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Poland (15908 words)

	EARLY HISTORY OF POLAND
		POLAND till the end of the 18th century was a kingdom extending (with Lithuania) over the basins of the Warta, Vistula, Dwina, Dnieper and upper Dniester, and had under its dominions, besides the Poles proper and the Baltic Slavs, the Lithuanians, the White Russians and the Little Russians or Ruthenians.
		The first symptom of this lawlessness was the separation of Poland and Lithuania, the Lithuanians proceeding to elect Alexander Casimir's fourth son, as their grand duke, without even consulting the Polish senate, in flagrant violation of the union of Horodlo.
		All the more disquieting was the internal condition of the country, due mainly to the invasion of Poland by the Reformation and the coincidence of this invasion with an internal revolution of a quasi-democratic character, which aimed at substituting the rule of the szlachta for the rule of the senate.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /web/history/early/23.shtml (6748 words)

	St. Casimir
		He was the grandson of Wladislaus II Jagiello, King of Poland, who introduced Christianity into Lithuania, and the second son of King Casimir IV and Queen Elizabeth, an Austrian princess, the daughter of Albert II, Emperor of Germany and King of Bohemia and Hungary.
		Sigismund I, King of Poland, petitioned the pope for Casimir's canonization, and Pope Leo X appointed the papal legate Zaccaria Ferreri, Bishop of Guardalfiera, the Archbishop of Gnesen, and the Bishop of Przemysl to investigate the life and miracles of Casimir.
		In Poland and Lithuania churches and chapels are dedicated to him, as at Rozana and on the River Dzwina near Potocka, where he is said to have contributed miraculously to a victory of the Polish army over the Russians.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/c/casimir,saint.html (893 words)

	History of the Jews in Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		As a result of the marriage of Wladislaus II to Jadwiga, daughter of Louis I of Hungary, Lithuania was united with the kingdom of Poland.
		Disorder and anarchy reigned supreme in Poland during the second half of the eighteenth century, from the accession to the throne of its last king, Stanislaus II Augustus Poniatowski (1764–1795).
		Poland was the only occupied country during World War II where the Nazis formally imposed the death penalty for anybody found sheltering and helping Jews.
	www.knowledgehunter.info /wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Poland (7597 words)

	Silesia - Wikipedia Mirror (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		During Poland's fragmentation (1138–1320) into duchies ruled by different branches of the Piast dynasty, Silesia was ruled by descendants of the former royal family.
		Next was the duke of Greater Poland, Przemysł II of Poland, who united two of the original provinces and was crowned in 1295.
		In 1537 the Piast duke Frederick II of Brzeg (Brieg) concluded a treaty with Elector Joachim II of Brandenburg, whereby the Hohenzollerns of Brandenburg would inherit the duchy upon the extinction of the Piasts, but the treaty was rejected by Ferdinand.
	www.wiki-mirror.us /index.php/Silesia (3739 words)

	Vilna
		When the grand Prince Jagiello, in 1383, received baptism and married Hedwige, Queen of Poland, taking the name of Wladislaus II, and uniting Poland with Lithuania, the religious and political prosperity of Vilna began.
		The Diocese of Vilna owes its foundation to Wladislaus II Jagiello (1383-1434), who was active in propagating Catholicism in Lithuania.
		At his death, in 1594, the clergy were divided into factions on the choice of a successor, until Sigismund III nominated Benedict Wolna (1600-15), who exerted himself efficaciously for the canonization of St. Casimir of Poland, in whose honour the first stone of a church was laid at Vilna in 1604.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/v/vilna.html (2089 words)

	Casimir IV
		Casimir IV, King of Poland, second son of Wladislaus II Jagiello, was appointed while still a lad grand-duke of Lithuania by his father, and crowned King of Poland at Cracow in June 1447, three years after the death of his elder brother, Wladislaus III, at the battle of Varna.
		The cause of this long interregnum was the disinclination of the Lithuanians to part with their prince until their outstanding differences with Poland, relating chiefly to the delimitation of the frontiers of the two states, had been settled.
		He was without doubt one of the greatest statesmen of his age, concealing beneath a simple exterior and homely habits a profound political sagacity and an unerring common sense, and possessing in a high degree those useful qualities of patience, moderation, and tenacity, which characterized nearly all the princes of the House of Jagiello.
	www.nndb.com /people/275/000095987 (888 words)

	Witowt - LoveToKnow 1911
		When Jagiello ascended the throne of Poland as Wladislaus II.
		This dream of empire was dissipated by his terrible defeat on the Lower Dnieper by the Tatars on the 12th of August 1399.
		He was now convinced that the true policy of Lithuania was the closest possible alliance with Poland..
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Witowt (473 words)

	History of Vilnius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Vilnius was granted city rights by Wladislaus II of Poland in 1387.
		The town reached the peak of its development under the reign of Sigismund II of Poland, who moved his court there in 1544.
		After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Wilno was annexed by Russia and became the capital of a gubernya.
	history-of-vilnius.iqnaut.net (2340 words)

	History of Vilnius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It was granted city rights by the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Wladislaus II of Poland (Lithuanian: Jogaila, Polish: Władysław Jagiełło) in 1387.
		Vilnius reached the peak of its development under the reign of Sigismund II of Poland (Lithuanian: Žygimantas Augustas, Polish: Zygmunt II August), who moved his court there in 1544.
		This growth was due in part to the establishment of Vilnius University by Stephan I of Poland (Lithuanian: Steponas Batoras, Polish: Stefan Batory) in 1579.
	vilnius.4youhotels.com /vilnius_history.html (1653 words)

	History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		He also got involved in the power struggles of Wallachia, by helping Radu II Prasnaglava in 1418-1419 and Alexandru I Aldea in 1429, mostly in order to prevent the capture of Chilia.
		In 1431, due to a territorial claim of Poland and the previous failure of the Polish king to fulfill his part of the vassality treaty during an Ottoman attack in 1420, Alexandru launched an attack on Poland, that ended with the treaty of Suceava on November 18.
		He was father-in-law to Vlad II Dracul of Wallachia.
	www.earomania.com /history/rulers/alexandru_cel_bun.html (364 words)

	Casimir III
		Casimir III, called The Great, King of Poland, the son of Wladislaus Lokietek, king of Poland, and Jadwiga, princess of Kalisch, was born at Kowal in Kujavia in 1310.
		In 1340 the death of George II of Halicz, and the ravaging of that fruitful border principality by the Tatars, induced Casimir and Charles Robert to establish their joint influence there, and in 1344 the Red Russian boyar, Demetrius Detko, was appointed starosta, or governor, in the names of the two kings.
		Hungary coming to the assistance of Poland, Lubart was defeated and taken prisoner; but Casimir, anxious to avoid a bloody war with Lithuania's Tatar allies, came to a compromise with Lubart whereby Poland retained Halicz with Lemberg, while Vladimir, Belz, and Brzesc fell to the share of Lithuania.
	www.nndb.com /people/279/000095991 (881 words)

	WLADISLAUS II - Online Information article about WLADISLAUS II
		Poland, was one of the twelve sons of See also:
		Lemberg was persuaded to acknowledge the dominion of Poland; and there on the 27th of See also:
		Sophia, who bore him two sons, Wladislaus and Casimir, both of whom ultimately succeeded him.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /WIL_YAK/WLADISLAUS_II.html (1245 words)

	Trakai, Lithuania
		During the conflict between Grand Duke Jogaila (later to become Wladislaus II of Poland) with Kestutis, the castles were captured by the earlier in 1382.
		The local Karaim community, being the backbone of town's economy, suffered severely during the Chmielnicki Uprising and the massacres of 1648 and the wars between Russia and Poland between 1654 and 1667, when the town was plundered and burnt.
		After the Partitions of Poland in 1795, the area was annexed by Imperial Russia.
	www.creekin.net /c4927-n108-trakai-lithuania.html (1457 words)

	swuklink: Searchable Time-Line (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		1279), Duke of Greater Poland (Poznań, Kalisz, and Gniezno, 1239-1247), the son of Ladislaus Odonic Plwacz, duke of Greater Poland, and Jadwiga of Pomerania, daughter of Duke Mściwój I of Eastern Pomerania
		Birth in Vilnius of King (1386-) Wladislaus II of Poland (Władysław II Jagiełło, died 1434), son of Algirdas (or Olgierd)
		Battle of Varna (on the Black Sea); the crusading forces of King Ladislas of Poland and Hungary are crushed by the Turks under Sultan Murad II; Wladislaus III of Poland (b.
	www.swuklink.com /BAAAGDJA.php?srchstr=Ladislaus (1020 words)

	Comprehensive information and links about Poland OstrÃ³da
		OstrÃ³da) is a town in the Warmia-Masuria Voivodship in Poland with 33,603 inhabitants as of January 1, 2005.
		During World War II, OstrÃ³da was occupied by the Soviet Red Army in the spring of 1945.
		The town was transferred to Poland and its German population was replaced with Poles.
	www.quicknation.com /Poland_Ostra_da.htm (307 words)

	Titles of European hereditary rulers
		Formally, Poland and Lithuania were to be distinct, equal components of the federation, each retaining its own army, treasury, civil administration, and laws; the two nations agreed to cooperate with each other on foreign policy and to participate in a joint Diet.
		In 1295, Premislas II (+1296), Duke of Greater Poland and Pomerania, was crowned King, and, restored the title of King in Poland.
		The declaration of the annexation of Prussia to Poland (1454).
	www.geocities.com /eurprin/poland.html (2769 words)

	Poland's History - The Noble's Republic (1572-1795)
		What Led to Poland's Demise in 1795 - A consideration of historical roots of the events leading to Poland's loss of sovereignty: The Bar Confederacy, the Role of the Sejm, the Role of the Gentry, the Role of the King, the Role of Geography, the Role of the Constitution, the Effect on the Nation.
		Decline and Partition - The Reign of Anarchy; The Decline of Poland;The Partitions of Poland: 1772 - 1795.
		An overview, primarily peertaining to Poland and Rus, of the raw ingredients, methods of preservation and preparation of food and drink in the period up to 1650.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /search-all/web/history/noble/@olink.shtml (1020 words)

	Ladislaus II of Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Royal title in Latin: Wladislaus Dei gracia rex Polonie necnon terrarum Sandomirie Syradia Lancicie Cuiauie Lithuanie princeps supremus Russieque dominus et heres etc. English translation: Vladislaus by God's grace of Poland and lands of Cracow Sandomierz Sieradz Łęczyca Kuyavia high-prince of Lithuania lord and heir of Pomerania and Ruthenia.
		The Jagiellonian era is usually characterised the start of Poland's "golden age" when country became a major European power and extended its frontiers to north and east.
		As Ladislaus II his reign is noted the crushing defeat inflicted on the Teutonic Knights in neighbouring Province of Prussia by Polish Lithuanian Russian and Tatar forces at the Battle of Grunwald 1410.
	www.freeglossary.com /Wladyslaw_Jogaila (877 words)

	Saints - Casimir of Poland
		When in 1479 the king went to Lithuania to spend 5 years arranging affairs there, Casimir was placed in charge of Poland, and from 1481 to 1483 administered the State with great prudence and justice.
		Casimir is the patron of Poland and Lithuania, though he is honored as far as Belgiumand Naples.
		In the beginning of the 17th century King Sigismund III began at Vilna the erection of a chapel in honor of St. Casimir, which was finished under King Wladislaus IV.
	www.scborromeo.org /saints/casimir.htm (734 words)

	Untitled Document
		Bigos is sometimes said to have been imported to Poland by Wladislaus II, a Lithuanian prince who became a Polish king in 1385 and supposedly had it served to his hunting party guests.
		In Poland we have a lot of kinds of Kisiel.
		My grandmother is eighty years old and she eat it when she was a little girl.
	www.zso17.krakow.pl /teksty/angielski.htm (231 words)

	CalendarHome.com - June 1 - Calendar Encyclopedia
		1283 - Treaty of Rheinfelden: Duke Rudolph II of Austria has to waive his right to the Duchies of Austria and Styria.
		1941 - World War II: Battle of Crete ends as Crete capitulates to Germany.
		1943 - A civilian flight from Lisbon to London is shot down by the Germans during World War II, killing all aboard, including actor Leslie Howard.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /June_1.htm (1324 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - A pleasant journey through time. AAR Thread
		If you look at the first scroll, you will see that the marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine (heiress of the Duchy of Gascony and Aquitaine and located at point nr 2) to Henry II of England (point nr 1) led to substantial English claims in mainland France.
		Then follow the red line through the kings of England (recognize-able by their red crowns) down to Edward III of England, my father Henry IV of England's grandfather.
		Poland is a country of heroes and honor, it is completely out of the question that we may attack in a non-gentleman way.
	forum.paradoxplaza.com /forum/showthread.php?t=187841 (2877 words)

	Welcome to the Vilna Site
		The conclusion to be drawn, therefore, from the study of the history of the Jews of Wilna during that period is that the kings and rulers of Poland and Lithuania were considerate toward them, but that the non-Jewish population was extremely hostile.
		Wilna remained in the hands of the Russians for about six years, when it again came under the rule of the kings of Poland; the lot of the Jews, however, remained as bad as ever.The vernacular of the Jews of Wilna at that time seems to have been Russian.
		The Lithuanian prince Jogaila (at this point also the King of Poland) needed the assistance of certain Jews who were very well-off and knowledgeable in particular fields; in return for their assistance he bestowed upon them rights to manage the mint in Vilna and collect taxes.
	www.eilatgordinlevitan.com /vilna/vilna.html (11931 words)

	Y-chromesone and mtDNA results
		Among other famous members of group H are Empress Alexandra Fyodorovina, wife of the last Russsian tsar Nicholas II, and all their children.
		Their membership in haplogroup H was established when genetic testing was done on their remains to authenticate their identity.
		1317 - 1347), which include her grandmother Queen Victoria and her cousins the Duke of Edinburgh, Lord Mountbatten, and Willem II of Germany and his wife Victoria of Schlesweg-Holstein.
	www.jessehaye.com /ychromesone_and_mtdna_results.htm (359 words)

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