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	Woad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Woad (or glastum) is the common name of the flowering plant Isatis tinctoria in the family Brassicaceae.
		Woad is also the name of a blue dye produced from the plant.
		Woad is native to the steppe and desert zones of the Caucasus, Central Asia to eastern Siberia and Western Asia (Hegi), but is now found in southeastern and some parts of Central Europe as well.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Woad (596 words)

	WOAD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Woad was used in Ancient Egypt to color imperial garments, which may be the source of the term "blue-blooded".
		Woad is originally native to the Old World but is now established in the Americas, where it is something of a nuisance in Western states.
		Woad is a yellow-flowered member of the Mustard family, a biennial (lives for 2 years), forming a low rosette of oval leaves in the first year of growth.
	members.aol.com /methosela/WOAD.htm (914 words)

	bleu-de-lectoure.com: woad history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Woad, Isatis tinctoria, was known throughout Europe as far back as the Egyptians, whom used it to dye the cloth wrappings used for the mummies.
		In the beginning of the XVth century, Woad was found in England as well as in the northern part of Europe, where it was mainly used for dyeing.
		The leaves were harvested in September and brought to a woad mill where they were crushed under a mill to produce a paste that was left outside and turned over to ferment for several months.
	www.bleu-de-lectoure.com /history.html (300 words)

	The preparation of Woad in England - excerpt from the Newcomen Society's Transactions
		Woad was used as a blue dye from druid times, but after the sea route from India to Europe was opened, natural indigo began to take its place and continued to do so until the time that synthetic indigo was produced (circa 1900).
		The woad mill was usually a demountable affair: it had to be located close to the fields, and as the woad crop had to be rotated and moved to new fields when the ground was exhausted, the buildings had to follow it.
		The balls of woad were first broken up, usually by the rollers in the roller house; the woad was then taken to the couching house or couching barn close by, and spread on the floor to a depth of about 3ft.
	www.newcomen.com /excerpts/woad.htm (786 words)

	botanical.com - A Modern Herbal \| Woad - Herb Profile and Information
		Dyer's Woad, French Guède (supposed to be derived from Gaudum, now Gualdo, the name of a town in the Roman States, where it was extensively cultivated), was formerly much cultivated in Britain for the dye extracted from the leaves.
		Woad is cultivated to a small extent in Lincolnshire and Woad mills are still worked at Wisbech, but not for the dye itself, the produce fixes true indigo, and is also used to form a base, or mordant, for a fl dye.
		The Wild Woad is similar except that the stalk is softer, smaller and browner, and the leaves and tongues narrower.
	www.botanical.com /botanical/mgmh/w/woad--28.html (1094 words)

	Dyer's Woad: A Threat to Rangeland in Montana
		Prior to Biblical references of "woad" as a weed, it was used for its medicinal properties and dying qualities.
		Dyer's woad continues to be a problem on cropland, rangeland and wasteland in northwestern California, southeastern Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming and Utah.
		The Dyer's Woad Awareness and Eradication Program was initiated by MSU in cooperation with the Montana Department of Agriculture to prevent further invasion of dyer's woad.
	www.montana.edu /wwwpb/pubs/mt9614.html (1455 words)

	Woad and indigo
		Woad (Isatis tinctoria) was a native of southeastern Europe, presumably either around Greece and Italy or southwestern Russia, and spread quickly throughout Europe in prehistoric times.
		Woad is a temperate herbaceous biennial, which produces a basal rosette of leaves during the first year and a single stem that eventually bears yellow flowers the second year.
		Numerous fears and anxieties were given to woad growers about indigo by the woad merchants, who called it "devil food" and a bad drug, but who actually feared the indigo competition.
	www.botgard.ucla.edu /html/botanytextbooks/economicbotany/Isatis (927 words)

	Woad Seng
		Erfurt, the Thuringian center of woad trade during the Middle Ages and today the capital of Thuringia, was the scenic locale of an international congress on woad in early June.
		Gisela Bugge introduced a quick test on indigo in woad, which is not quick in the strict sense; in addition, it is not clear whether disturbances will occur with flavonol compounds of woad (the reason that it is possible to make yellow colors from woad on mordanted wool).
		Woad balls were formed and a woad vat was set up for a demonstration.
	www.rugreview.com /orr/132woad.htm (1404 words)

	The Woad Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Woad (Isatis tinctoria) is a hardy biennial plant native to northern Europe and the British Isles that is a source of the blue dye chemical, indigotin, that is also produced by the much stronger and more famous sub-tropical indigo plant.
		Woad is an aggressive, invasive, or horrible weed, pest, or menace depending on who is busy maligning it at the time.
		Woad is very easy to grow in sunny or partly sunny locations and all above ground parts of the plant will produce indigotin, but in fairly small concentrations so be willing to plant as much as you have room for.
	my.net-link.net /~rowan/crafts/woad/woadpage.html (1989 words)

	Dyer's Woad Identification - King County Noxious Weed Control Program
		Dyer's woad is native to Russia, and was introduced as a crop in 18th-Century England for the extraction of a blue dye from its leaves.
		Dyers woad was introduced to Utah from Ireland in 1910, as a contaminant in alfalfa seed.
		Dyer's woad is on the Washington State quarantine list (144 KB Acrobat file, 21 seconds with 56K modem), and it is illegal to buy, sell, transport or offer this plant for sale in the state.
	dnr.metrokc.gov /wlr/lands/weeds/woadd.htm (352 words)

	Telegraph \| News
		Woad, the plant whose deep blue pigment was used as a warpaint by the ancient Britons to frighten their enemies, is to be farmed commercially in Britain for the first time in 500 years.
		Large-scale production of woad, which was most famously used by the warrior queen Boudicca, finally died out in the 16th century when cheaper dyes imported from India made it uneconomic.
		Although woad has not been grown commercially since the 16th century, it was produced in Lincolnshire during the 1920s and 1930s to provide dye for Royal Air Force uniforms, before the adoption of synthetic colourings.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2003/09/28/nwoad28.xml&sSheet=/news/2003/09/28/ixhome.html (757 words)

	EPA: Puccinia thlaspeos strain woad (006489) Fact Sheet
		Dyer’s woad rust (Puccinia thlaspeos ‘strain woad’) is used as a pesticide to control the spread of dyer’s woad, an invasive weed in the dry open areas of eight western states.
		American colonists brought dyer’s woad from Europe for its valuable blue pigment, and the weed is spreading rapidly in eight western states.
		Woad rust is not found in Europe; rather, the rust is closely related to a group of rusts in the western United States.
	www.epa.gov /pesticides/biopesticides/ingredients/factsheets/factsheet_006489.htm (462 words)

	The Problem of the Woad
		So with absolute lack of evidence that it was woad and all the evidence that it would have been a poor choice, there had to have been something else.
		One of the "facts" about woad that is often cited in regards to why people believe that it would have been used is that it has medicinal and psychoactive properties.
		Even though "woad" is not a Celtic word and the stuff is so awful to work with as a body paint, it still has it's power.
	www.cyberpict.net /sgathan/essays/woad.htm (2221 words)

	Cochineal, Saffron & Woad Photos
		In fact, there is some speculation that early German names for woad (weedt, etc.) may have given rise to the modern word "weed." Although true indigo (Indigofera tinctoria), a member of the legume family (Fabaceae), was perhaps a superior blue dye, woad continued to be a popular blue dye in Europe.
		Their clothing was dipped in a blue dye bath of woad, and then in a bath of yellow weld from the leaves of Reseda luteola, a member of the mignonette family (Resedaceae).
		Apparently, the fermented, pulpy masses of woad leaves produced such a foul stench that early woad dyers were prohibited from heavily populated urbanized areas.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /ecoph3.htm (1201 words)

	woad on Encyclopedia.com
		WOAD [woad] name for a perennial plant (Isatis tinctoria) of the family Cruciferae (mustard family) and for a blue dye obtained from its leaves.
		Woad is classified in the division Magnoliophyta, class Magnoliopsida, order Capparales, family Cruciferae.
		Gardening: week in erddig; Woad is also thought to be a mild antiseptic...
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/w1/woad.asp (456 words)

	Woad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Woad can be classed as a hardy annual, a biennial, or a perennial, depending on the local climate.
		It has been classed as a noxious weed in some parts of the country, and is very invasive, so be sure to keep it under control if you are trying to grow it.
		Craft uses - Woad can be used to dye fiber in various shades of blues, greens, pinks, and yellow, depending on how it is treated.
	www.lunehaven.com /woad1.html (143 words)

	WOAD Gospel 1300 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Stacia Hunter is a talented and dedicated WOAD radio personality, who started announcing at Jackson State University's public radio station WJSU while she was working on her B.S. in 1994.
		Three years later, a year before graduating, Stacia came to WOAD as a part-time personality with little knowledge of that she would become a major day-part.
		In 1998 and 1999, she was nominated for local announcer of the year by the Jackson Music awards and she was honored by the Mississippi Gospel Announcers of the G.M.W.A. Stacia was honored, along with other local and national gospel heroines, such as national artist and evangelist Beverly Crawford.
	www.woad.com /djs-hunter.html (182 words)

	Woad (isatis tinctoria)
		Woad leaves were crushed to a pulp, moulded into balls which were dried until the pulp began to ferment.
		Woad contains one tenth of the indigo that true indigo plants contain, so yields of indigo blue are low.
		Woad was made obsolete by the popularity of indigo from the Tropics - it was a stronger blue and cheaper.
	www.englishplants.co.uk /woad.html (663 words)

	Isatis genus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Dyer’s woad is primarily a noxious weed of rangeland, agronomic crops, and undisturbed natural areas in the intermountain west region of the northwestern U.S. It was cultivated for several centuries in Europe as a medicinal herb and source of blue dye.
		Dyer’s woad was introduced from Europe as a cultivated plant of the early settlers of the Eastern U.S. Cotyledons ovate, glabrous, ~ 15-20 mm long.
		The role of rodents and birds in dyers woad seed dispersal is uncertain.
	www.cdfa.ca.gov /phpps/ipc/weedinfo/isatis.htm (1521 words)

	Woad growing
		I planted woad last spring and it is doing well in my garden as we speak.
		Woad gets the best color from very fertile soil and will exhaust it.
		Woad was one of the first crops to be used in rotation, since it tends to deplete the soil in its two year life cycle.
	www.people.virginia.edu /~hlf/NEWSTUFF/FILES/woad.growing.html (1186 words)

	Make your own woad
		Woad - probably not the best product for bodyart but it's mistique is parallelled only by the megaliths themselves.
		Well it's this, after all my experiments and research on woad and the short comings of it as a body dye, I'm still in love with the idea of it.
		I've come to the conclusion that 'if' it was used (and it is only later writers, not Julius Ceasar who talk of it) then it was probably used only for fabrics.
	www.hippy.com /albion/make_your_own_woad.htm (726 words)

	Weber County Weed Abatement-Dyer's Woad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Dyer's Woad (Isatis tinctoria) is an herb associated with the mustard family.
		Dyer's Woad is spread from place to place by seed, which become viable comparatively early during seed production.
		When Dyer's Woad is found in the middle of incorporated cities and no attempt is made to control the infestation, the environmental impact on both private gardens and public recreation can be severe.
	www.co.weber.ut.us /weeds/types/d_woad.asp (500 words)

	Woad Creations :: Members
		Woad Creations has some twenty members, most of which are active.
		Kor is the founder and leader of Woad Creations and has released a lot of scenarios and campaigns for numerous games, including Age of Empires II, Empire Earth, Empires: Dawn of the Modern World and Rise of Nations.
		His projects for Woad Creations include, for EE: Aces High, Aces Low and After Crécy (co-production with kor); for Stronghold: Holding the Fort, Shaderton, A Parched Land, and Mechstra’s Siege Boxed Set; for Empires: Crossing the Volga and the soon-to-be-released Stalemate.
	www.woadcreations.nl /members.php (1267 words)

	Dyer's Woad - Noxious Weeds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Dyer's woad (Isatis tinctoria) was introduced into North America from Europe, probably late in the 17th century.
		Dyer's woad is occasionally found in the eastern U. S., but it is in the West where it is a serious weed.
		Dyer's woad is prevalent in central and many of the southern Idaho counties.
	www.oneplan.org /Crop/noxWeeds/nxWeed07.htm (155 words)

	WOAD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Woad is a medium to tall, more or less hairless biennial or perennial herb with basal rosettes of stalked, long lanceolate downy leaves.
		Woad is a native of Southern Europe, and occurs as a relict escape from cultivation in many other areas including Britain, as it was widely cultivated from prehistoric times until the present century (De Rougemont 1989).
		Woad can be forage harvested 3 times a year, and the dye extracted.
	www.ienica.net /crops/woad.htm (245 words)

	Australian Financial Review - Farmer's woad to recovery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Howard, who will begin planting next year, has conducted a successful trial at his farm near Norfolk, and intends to market the natural pigment that he will produce as an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic indigo, which is made using aniline, a by-product of oil, formaldehyde and potassium cyanide.
		"Woad is easy to grow, seems to like the soil and climate, and is environmentally friendly," he says.
		Howard, whose forearms are almost permanently blue from his dyeing experiments, decided to turn to woad production after his farm income from growing wheat, sugar beet and potatoes dropped in the late 1990s.
	afr.com /articles/2003/09/29/1064819868182.html (534 words)

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