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Topic: Wolesi Jirga

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Meshrano Jirga

Bonn Agreement (Afghanistan)

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1993

	Islamic Republic of Afghanistan â“ Office of the President
		The National Assembly, as envisaged in the Constitution, consists of two houses: the Wolesi Jirga (the House of the People) and the Meshrano Jirga (the House of Elders).
		Each province was given proportionate representation in the Wolesi Jirga according to its population.
		Each member of the Wolesi Jirga will enjoy a five year term expiring on the twenty-first of June of the fifth year (June 21, 2010).
	www.president.gov.af /english/composition.mspx (509 words)

	Jirga - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A jirga (occasionally jirgah) is a tribal assembly of elders which takes decisions by consensus, particularly among the Pashtun ethnic group, but also in other ethnic groups near them; they are most common in Afghanistan and among the Pashtun in the tribal areas in Pakistan near its border with Afghanistan.
		The jirga was also used as a court in cases of criminal conduct, but this usage is being replaced by formal courts some settled areas of Pakistan and Afghanistan, elswhere it is still used as courts in tribal regions.
		The jirga holds the prestige of a court in the tribal areas of Pakistan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jirga (425 words)

	Draft Constitution of Afghanistan 2003
		With the passage of this period or in case the Wolesi Jirga approves a particular case again with a majority of two-thirds votes, the bill is considered endorsed and enforced.
		In cases of death, resignation and dismissal of a member of the Wolesi Jirga, and/or disability or handicap, which prevents performance of duties permanently, election in the related constituency is held for a new representative for the rest of the legislative period, in accordance with the law.
		For approval of the amendments, a Loya Jirga shall be convened by the decree of the President in accordance with the provisions of the Chapter on the Loy Jirga.
	www.constitution.org /cons/afghan/draft_cons_eng.htm (9178 words)

	Afghanistan - MSN Encarta
		The Wolesi Jirga is made up of no more than 250 members, with each province accorded a number of representatives in proportion to its population.
		The Meshrano Jirga is composed of one representative from each provincial council, one representative from each district council, and a number of presidential appointees (half of which are required to be women).
		The nine members of the Stera Mahkama are appointed by the president with approval of the Wolesi Jirga.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761569370_8/Afghanistan.html (982 words)

	Afghanland.com Afghanistan Constitution of Afghanistan 2003 2004 Official Afghan Constitution
		Members of the Meshrano Jirga are elected and appointed as follows: From among the members of each provincial council, the respective council elects one person for a period of four years.
		The composition and procedure of this commission shall be specified by the internal regulations of the Wolesi Jirga.
		Wolesi Jirga has the following special powers: Deciding on interpellation of each of the ministers in accordance with the provisions of article 92 of this constitution.
	www.afghanland.com /history/constitution.html (9546 words)

	Afghan Constitutions
		The government is obligated to give to the Wolesi Jirga (the House of People) the budget of the new fiscal year and a brief account of the current year’s budget within the forth quarter of the fiscal year.
		In cases of death, resignation and dismissal of a member of the Wolesi Jirga (the House of People), and/or disability or handicap, which prevents performance of duties permanently, election in the related constituency is held for a new representative for the rest of the legislative period, in accordance with the law.
		For approval of the amendments, a Loya Jirga shall be convened by the decree of the President in accordance with the provisions of the Chapter on the Loya Jirga.
	www.afghanan.net /afghanistan/constitutions/constitution2004.htm (9324 words)

	Afghanistan Constitution of 1963
		The executive council of the Wolesi Jirga (House of the People) is elected at the opening of the legislative term while the vice presidents, secretary and deputy secretary of the Meshrano Jirga (House of the Elders) are elected for one year at the beginning of each annual session.
		The Wolesi Jirga (House of the People) is competent to appoint, on proposal from one third of its members, an enquiry commission to investigate and study the conduct of the government and the actions of the administration.
		If the Loya Jirga (Great Council), after studying the report of the commission, decides by a two thirds majority of its members that the prosecution of the accused is necessary, it shall appoint one of its members to file a suit and shall appoint a panel of eight persons to act as a tribunal.
	www.constitution.org /cons/afghan/const1963.htm (8695 words)

	.:www.SilkRoadStudies.org:.
		A special court will be composed of three members of the Wolesi Jirga, three members of the Supreme Court appointed by the Loya Jirga and the Chair of the Meshrano Jirga according to article 69 of the draft.
		The number of members of the Wolesi Jirga, proportionate to the population of each region, shall be 220-250.
		Members of the Wolesi Jirga should be 25 years old at the date of candidacy, while members of the Meshrano Jirga should be 35 years old at the date of candidacy or appointment.
	www.silkroadstudies.org /Silkroadpapers/200311_Afghanconstitution.htm (4282 words)

	Final results of Afghan elections delayed again
		Siddique said that the Wolesi Jirga, or lower house, would be convened by Afghan President Hamid Karzai sometime in December.
		According to the Afghan constitution, 68 seats were allocated for women in the Wolesi Jirga and 124 seats for women in the provincial councils.
		According to JEMB officials, 12 per cent of the Wolesi Jirga candidates and over 8 per cent of the candidates from the provincial councils were women.
	news.monstersandcritics.com /southasia/printer_1060941.php (617 words)

	RFE/RL Afghanistan Report
		Article 83 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan passed in January 2004 stipulates that at least two female delegates should be elected from each province, guaranteeing a minimum of 64 female representatives among the 249 members of the Wolesi Jirga.
		The number of seats allotted to individual provinces is based on population, ranging from a minimum of nine seats to a maximum of 29 seats.
		Article 84 of the Constitution prescribes that members of the Meshrano Jirga be taken one-third each from the Provincial and District councils, with the remaining one-third of members appointed by the president "from among experts and experienced personalities" -- including two representatives from the disabled and impaired and two representatives from the kuchis.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/news/2005/09/25-020905.htm (2953 words)

	Committee on International Relations, U.S. House of Representatives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Wolesi Jirga, or lower house, is directly elected for a five-year term.
		The number of Wolesi Jirga members is proportionate to the population of each region and will range between 220 and 250 members.
		The draft constitution dictates that at least one woman will be elected to the Wolesi Jirga from each of the 32 provinces, and half of the President’s appointments to the Meshrano Jirga must be women.
	www.house.gov /international_relations/108/roc111903.htm (1029 words)

	Wolesi Jirga&Provincial Council Elections 2005 Afghanistan
		The Wolesi Jirga is the Lower House of the National Assembly and is made up of 249 representatives, who will be directly elected by the people of Afghanistan.
		At least 68 seats in the Wolesi Jirga have been reserved for women, in accordance with the constitutional provision that at least two women, on average, be elected from each province.
		The Meshrano Jirga (House of Elders) is the Upper House of the National Assembly.
	www.jemb.org /eng/parliamentary_faq.html (2679 words)

	Pajhwok Afghan News
		Even on the eve of the landmark legislative elections, the first in more than three decades, a number of questions hang over the make-up of the national assembly and the provincial councils and their precise functions and powers remain unanswered.
		One redeeming feature of the polls is 68 seats in the Wolesi Jirga, which will have a five-year term, and on-forth of berths on provincial councils have been reserved for women.
		Reserved for Hindus and Sikhs together is a solitary Wolesi Jirga seat being eyed by a Sikh Dalip Singh from Ghazni.
	www.pajhwak.com /viewstory.asp?lng=eng&id=809 (787 words)

	Pajhwok Afghan News
		The MPs said how they would approach to the absence in case of illness of an MP, solving problem of his people of his region and his lacking interest in attending the parliament's meeting.
		After the formation of the Wolesi Jirga the quorum could not be seen as full and the vacant seats often outnumbered the occupied ones.
		Terming the absence of MPs a great loss to the nation, an MP Syed Daud Hashmi said millions of dollars had been spent on the constituting of the parliament and the legislators should avoid absentees.
	www.pajhwak.com /viewstory.asp?id=14811 (267 words)

	U.S. Commitment to Women in Afghanistan
		Among the significant achievements were the drafting of the Constitution, ratified on January 4, 2004, the successful presidential elections held on October 9, 2004, and the recent September 18, 2005 elections for Parliament and provincial councils.
		The September 18, 2005 elections for provincial councils and the Wolesi Jirga, or lower house of Parliament, were stunning with more than 52% of registered voters voting (43% female).
		Of the 3,170 candidates nominated for the Provincial Councils (which elects the members of Mushrano Jirga, or upper house, of the coming parliament), 279 were women.
	www.state.gov /g/wi/rls/58651.htm (1717 words)

	AWID - What gains have women made in Afghanistan's...
		However, the adopted version calls for two female representatives from each province to the Wolesi Jirga, which will mean that women will comprise of at least 25 percent of this body.
		Hassan was one of 50 delegates to the Constitutional Loya Jirga appointed by President Hamid Karzai.
		She was one of approximately 100 women delegates (out of the 502 delegates in total) in the grand assembly which debated on and voted in Afghanistan’s new Constitution in January 2004.
	www.awid.org /go.php?stid=863 (1386 words)

	friendly printed version:Preparations for Afghanistan’s Parliamentary and Provincial Council Elections
		By determining the Provincial Councils and the lower house of Afghanistan’s bicameral parliament, known as the Wolesi Jirga, these elections play a crucial role in Afghanistan’s reconstruction, as the elected candidates will represent citizens of their province at the national level.
		The population of each province determines how the 249 Wolesi Jirga seats are distributed and the size of each Provincial Council.
		The Wolesi Jirga will draw the district borders so that the District Councils may be elected, which are then responsible for appointing one-third of the 102 upper house seats.
	www.cdi.org /friendlyversion/printversion.cfm?documentID=3102 (1039 words)

	Preamble In the name of God
		Appointing of Ministers and the Attorney General with the approval of the Wolesi Jirga, and acceptance of their dismissal and resignation.
		Appointment of the Governor of De Afghanistan Central Bank with the approval of the Wolesi Jirga.
		The establishment of commissions for the improvement of the administrative condition of the country, in accordance with law.
	www.cmseducation.org /wconsts/afghan.html (8738 words)

	ELECTORAL LAW
		Use of Existing Administrative Boundaries For the purposes of electing members of the Wolesi Jirga, provincial councils, and district councils, the provinces and districts entitled to elect representatives will be those designated by the President in a decree no later than 120 days prior to the election.
		Once the number of female candidates awarded seats in the Wolesi Jirga is equal to twice the number of provinces, seats are awarded to the first available candidates from the parties' national lists.
		(5) Candidates for Wolesi Jirga elections can also stand for election to their district council or province, but cannot be a member of the Wolesi Jirga, a provincial council or a district council at the same time.
	users.tns.net /~parwin/politics/Law/ElectroralLaw.htm (5600 words)

	UNDP Recruiting Campaign
		It reflect ed the activities to be undertaken in the second phase of the project, as outlined in the addendum to the project document which form ed an integral part of the 2004 Afghan Elections Project.
		Subsequently, Meshrano Jirga Elections by the elected Provincial Council Members were held on 12 November 2005 completing all activities related to electing the representatives of the Afghan National Assembly.
		With the elections to the Wolesi Jirga and the Provincial Council s completed, the JEMB is expected to be dissolved 30 days after the inaugural session of the National Assembly as laid out in the Presidential Decree of 6 May 2005.
	cfapp2.undp.org /jobs/view_job.cfm?job_id=641 (819 words)

	Press Releases: Afghanistan, Afghanistan: JEMB certifies all final results for Wolesi Jirga and Provincial Council ...
		The 102 member Meshrano Jirga will consist of two representatives from each Provincial Council, one of whom will be a transitional member until District Council elections can be held when.
		Mr Bissmil said: "Our plans for the Meshrano Jirga elections are progressing well and most Provincial Councils have today elected their representatives for the new upper house of the National Assembly.
		The JEMB will hold the concluding press conference on the 2005 electoral process once all elected member of the National Assembly have been certified; 68 Meshrano Jirga representatives, 249 Wolesi Jirga representatives and 420 Provincial Council members.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/RMOI-6J53DK?OpenDocument (396 words)

	Afghanistan on the Eve of Parliamentary and Provincial Elections: Background: The Election Process
		On September 18, Afghan voters will be casting two votes: one for a candidate to represent their province in the Wolesi Jirga (lower house of the national assembly) and one for a candidate to represent them in their local provincial council.
		The Wolesi Jirga is set to have 249 seats, of which 25 percent (68 seats) are reserved for women. Each of Afghanistan’s 34 provinces will elect a constituency to the Wolesi Jirga based on the province’s population, and an additional 10 seats will be reserved for the nomadic Kuchi population.
		Subsequent to the election, each provincial council will elect one of its members to the Meshrano Jirga (house of elders, or upper house of the national assembly). Another 17 representatives to the Meshrano Jirga will be appointed by the president, for a total of 51.
	www.hrw.org /backgrounder/asia/afghanistan0905/2.htm (264 words)

	AFGHANISTAN: The New Constitution - Council on Foreign Relations
		Beginning in mid-December, a constitutional loya jirga, or grand council, consisting of a diverse set of Afghan representatives appointed by provincial authorities and transitional government officials, began to debate the document.
		Appointing the nation's ministers, the attorney general, the director of the central bank, and the justices of the Supreme Court with the approval of the main legislative body, the Wolesi Jirga.
		The office of the second vice president was created as a compromise in the constitutional negotiations--originally, many delegates favored the creation of the office of a prime minister to dilute the president's power.
	www.cfr.org /publication.html?id=7710 (1637 words)

	MOFA: Dispatch of Japan's Election Observers for the Wolesi Jirga (Lower House) and Provincial Council Elections in ...
		Dispatch of Japan's Election Observers for the Wolesi Jirga (Lower House) and Provincial Council Elections in Afghanistan
		For the Wolesi Jirga (Lower House) and Provincial Council Elections in Afghanistan to be held on September 18 (Thu), the Government of Japan will dispatch from September 12 election observers composing three officials from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs led by Mr.
		Afghanistan, through the twice held Loya Jirga (Grand Council) based on the Bonn Agreement, witnessed the establishment of the Transitional Administration, the adoption and promulgation of a new constitution, and the election of President Karzai in the first presidential election in October 2004.
	www.mofa.go.jp /announce/announce/2005/9/0909-4.html (258 words)

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