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Topic: Wolof language

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Indigenous cultures, kingdoms and ethnic groups of Senegal

	Wolof - LoveToKnow 1911
		The cities of St Louis and Dakar are both in the Wolof country, and throughout the French Sudan x xvlzl.
		The Wolof language is spoken throughout Senegambia, and numerous grammars, dictionaries and vocabularies have appeared since 1825.
		The Wolof have three hereditary castes, the nobles, the tradesmen and musicians (who are despised), and the slaves.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Wolof (425 words)

	Wolof alphabet, pronunciation and language
		Wolof is a Niger-Congo language with about 7 million speakers in Senegal, France, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali and Mauritania.
		Wolof is one of the six national languages of Senegal (Senegaal / سِنِڭَالْ), along with Serer, Mandinka, Pulaar, Diola and Soninke.
		The Wolof orthography using the Latin alphabet was standardised in 1974.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/wolof.htm (182 words)

	Wolof verbs conjugation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Wolof is a member of the West Atlantic sub-branch of the Niger-Congo language family.
		Variations in Wolof are evident, however, in comparing the Wolof of urban inhabitants to that of rural-dwellers.
		The Wolof spoken in Dakar, Senegal's capital, is particularly noted for its high level of French loans or derivitive words and is readily distinguishable from the Wolof spoken in other parts of Senegal.
	www.verbix.com /languages/wolof.shtml (173 words)

	Wolof at the University of Kansas
		Wolof courses at KU WOLO 110 Elementary Wolof I.
		A survey of the indigenous languages of Africa from a linguistic perspective, covering the main language families and their geographic distribution, and focusing on the features and structure of the more widely spoken and representative languages in each family (e.g.
		Topics covered include and overview of the languages spoken on the continent: indigenous languages, colonial languages, pidgins and creoles, and Arabic as a religious language; problems associated with the politics of literacy and language planning, writing and standardization of indigenous languages; and the cultural and ideological dilemmas of language choice.
	www.ku.edu /~wolof/courses.html (300 words)

	YWAM Sahara - Wolof
		Although the Wolof put up a bitter resistance to French conquest, by the end of the century they were completely subjugated and the French colonial administration fully implanted.
		First, the Wolof spread from their traditional center in the northwest to the south and southeast of the main Serer area in the Sine-Saloum, and eastward into the western Ferlo and the region of Senegal Oriental.
		Although the bulk of the Wolof, probably 70 to 75 percent, are still rural villagers, the remainder constitute an important element in many of the larger urban centers of Senegal.
	www.gosahara.org /wolof.html (2531 words)

	Wolof language
		Wolof is a language spoken in Senegal, Gambia and Mauritania.
		It belongs to the Atlantic branch of the Niger-Congo language family.
		The term "Wolof" is also used to indicate the ethnic group that uses the language.
	www.abacci.com /wikipedia/topic.aspx?cur_title=Wolof (86 words)

	Wolof Online: Courses: Language Backround (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Wolof is spoken mainly in Senegal and the Gambia (former Senegambia), on the northwestern coast of Africa.
		Interestingly, these languages are used mainly in educational systems and in public administration; their use as media of communication on a daily basis is restricted to less than 10% of the population.
		Wolof is estimated to be spoken by 40% of Senegalese natives, and by 16% of the Gambian population.
	www.linguistics.uiuc.edu /wolof/courses/background.html (399 words)

	Wolof
		It is spoken in Senegal and The Gambia.
		Wolof is a major language of Senegal, the first language of more than one-third of the population.
		Wolof is used in radio and television broadcasts and by civil servants (Nussbaum 1970).
	www.isp.msu.edu /AfrLang/language.php?id=79 (223 words)

	New Media in Africa
		Wolof is still not a “standardized” language in its oral usage, because no single dialect has ever come to be generally accepted as the one correct version of Wolof.
		Despite the fact that the Wolof language has had a recent resurgence in popularity, literacy in Senegal, according to 2004 UNDP statistics, is an average of 39% for adults.
		One of the causes of language death is urbanization—“as individuals and households move to the cities, they lose their languages and switch to dominant speech-systems” (Godeborg 11).
	pages.pomona.edu /~apv02003 (3978 words)

	Wolof People
		Wolof forefathers migrated west to the coast from Mali following the defeat of the Empire of the Ghana in the 11th century.
		Traditionally, Wolof were ruled by several powerful headmen who were from high ranking lineages based on the length of time that they resided in the area.
		Most Wolof are Muslim, and it was most often the case that Wolof leaders converted to Islam first, before the religion spread to the less powerful members of society.
	www.uiowa.edu /~africart/toc/people/Wolof.html (498 words)

	Nouvelle page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Wolof is, in effect, the only language whose transmission is ensured from generation to generation.
		The members of this ethnic group are not confronted with difficulties relating to the choice of language or languages to use in the family ; they give precedence to the alliance of the two dominant languages (wolof and French), thus reinforcing the stability of the group of membership, even its predominance.
		The second element to be highlighted is the importance attached to the French language in education, as expressed, especially by the non-Wolof who choose this language to the detriment of the wolof, undoubtedly because the control of French is considered as an instrument which could possibly reverse the power forces between the ethnic groups.
	www.teluq.uquebec.ca /diverscite/SecArtic/Arts/98/fbmasuy/fbmasuy_resan.htm (640 words)

	Wolof language
		In The Gambia, about 15% (approximately 200,000 people) of the population speak Wolof as a first language, but Wolof has a disproportionate influence because of its prevalence in Banjul, The Gambia's capital, where 50% of the population use it as a first language.
		The official language of the Gambia is English; Mandinka (40%), Wolof (15%) and Fula (15%) are as yet not used in formal education.
		Wolof phonemes have a clear, one-to-one correspondence to the Roman alphabet.
	encycl.opentopia.com /term/Wolof_language (1782 words)

	Wolof at the University of Kansas
		Wolof courses at KU WOLO 110 Elementary Wolof I.
		A survey of the indigenous languages of Africa from a linguistic perspective, covering the main language families and their geographic distribution, and focusing on the features and structure of the more widely spoken and representative languages in each family (e.g.
		Topics covered include and overview of the languages spoken on the continent: indigenous languages, colonial languages, pidgins and creoles, and Arabic as a religious language; problems associated with the politics of literacy and language planning, writing and standardization of indigenous languages; and the cultural and ideological dilemmas of language choice.
	www2.ku.edu /~wolof/courses.html (300 words)

	Wolof Tribe
		Wolof forefathers migrated west to the coast from Mali following the defeat of the Empire of the Ghana in the 11th century.
		Political Systems:Traditionally, Wolof were ruled by several powerful headmen who were from high ranking lineages based on the length of time that they resided in the area.
		Religion:Most Wolof are Muslim, and it was most often the case that Wolof leaders converted to Islam first, before the religion spread to the less powerful members of society.
	www.gateway-africa.com /tribe/wolof_tribe.html (501 words)

	Wolof - Wollof - Language Directory
		Wolof is a language spoken in Senegal, the Gambia, and Mauritania, and it is the native language of the ethnic group of the Wolof people.
		"Wolof" is the standard spelling, and is a term that may also refer to the ethnic group of the Wolofs or to things originating from Wolof culture or tradition.
		In The Gambia, about 15% (approximately 200,000 people) of the population speak Wolof as a first language, but Wolof has a disproportionate influence because of its prevalence in Banjul, The Gambia's capital, where 50% of the population use it as a first language.
	language-directory.50webs.com /languages/wollof.htm (395 words)

	Wolof_language - The Wordbook Encyclopedia
		"Wolof" is the standard spelling, and is a term that may also refer to the Wolof ethnic group or to things originating from Wolof culture or tradition.
		Wolof is most often written in this orthography, in which phonemes have a clear, one-to-one correspondence to graphemes.
		Wolof lacks gender-specific pronouns: there is one word encompassing the English 'he', 'she', and 'it'.
	www.thewordbook.com /Wolof_language (1960 words)

	SIM People Group Profile: Wolof
		Wolof serves as the lingua franca, or trade language, for over 80% of the population.
		Wolof is one of 42 languages spoken in Sénégal.
		Urban Wolof women are active traders in the fish, fabric, and cloth dyeing markets as well as the traditional occupations of educated Western women.
	www.sim.org /PG.asp?pgid=47&fun=2 (808 words)

	[No title]
		Wolof (Ouolof in the standard French orthography) is the name by which the people refer to themselves, and the label commonly used in scholarly publications.
		Some Wolof are distributed to the east and south of this area in Senegambia, and it has been estimated that neighboring countries such as Guinea, Mali, and Mauritania may each contain a few thousand Wolof.
		In 1971 the Wolof population of Senegal was estimated at 1,375,000, or about 36 percent of the total population of 3,800,000.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7882 (3032 words)

	Wolof language : Wolof language
		Wolof is the most widely-spoken language in Senegal, spoken not only by members of the Wolof ethnic group (approximately 45% of the population) but also by most other Senegalese.
		Wolof dialects may also vary between countries (Senegal and The Gambia) and the rural and urban areas.
		"Dakar-Wolof", for instance, is an urban mixture of Wolof, French, and English spoken in Dakar, the capital of Senegal.
	www.gogeeky.net /title/wolof-language (120 words)

	News Release - January 25, 2002
		Wolof is the national language of Senegal in West Africa.
		Wolof is currently taught at 11 institutions of higher education in the U.S. Sarr, who works at the Baobab Centre in Dakar, is a veteran teacher and translator of French, English, Wolof, and Sereer.
		Wolof society is organized in castes (princely families, nobility, farmers, hammersmiths, weavers, wood workers, leather workers).
	wings.buffalo.edu /world-languages/DOCS/news_rel10.htm (296 words)

	African Tribes - Wolof People
		Wolof are also known as the merchants of West Africa, they are very aggressive in trading, which is a big part of their history.
		The Wolof are known as the trend-setters of West Africa.
		Many Wolof are also polygamous, however, polygamy doesn't seem to be considered natural to many of the Wolof who soon after obtaining a second wife are divorced from their first.
	www.africaguide.com /culture/tribes/wolof.htm (292 words)

	Wolof Translation Service - English to Wolof Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Language is a living thing it develops and changes constantly.
		Wolof on the north bank speak Wolof of Senegal.
		Wolof of Senegal is intelligible with that of Gambia but with significant enough differences to require adaptation of materials.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/Wolof_translation.shtml/?source=germanfreelance (466 words)

	Top 20 Encyclopedia
		In the Gambia, about 15% (approximately 200 thousand people) of the population speak Wolof as a first language, but Wolof has a disproportionate influence because of its prevalence in Banjul, the Gambia's capital, where fifty percent of the population use it as a first language.
		When learning foreign languages, the disadvantage for English and French native speakers is, that they, although using the Latin alphabet too, do neither pronounce the letters in an unambiguous way, nor do they pronounce most of the letters with their original "Latin" phonetic value.
		In almost all other languages using the Latin alphabet, there is, with some minor exceptions, a clear one-to-one correspondence between a letter and a phonetic sound, so that the alphabet can simultaneously serve as phonetic transcription.
	encyc.connectonline.com /index.php/Wolof_language (1530 words)

	Wolof at the University of Kansas
		Although the French language does hold an essential role in the written life of Senegal, Wolof is the primary spoken language and the maternal tongue of many Senegalese.
		The language paradox in Senegal shows the long-lasting effects of colonization, as French continues to hold precedence as the written language and the language used in all official and governmental documents and procedures.
		Although everyone in the courtroom may speak Wolof, including the judge, the lawyers and the defendant, the case is still conducted in French and when the defendant does not speak French, the court is required to use an interpreter so that the case is carried out in French.
	www2.ku.edu /~wolof/testimonials.html (3648 words)

	ASU Research E-Magazine: Learning the Language of Drums
		The information sources are diverse: the international language of music, a more literal French dialect, and Wolof, a tongue native only to a region of Senegal.
		Senegal is presently developing a written language in a native tongue, Wolof.
		But by using Wolof, Sunkett intends to learn the stories tucked away in the memories of the elders, some of whom refuse to speak anything but their own language.
	researchmag.asu.edu /stories/language.html (546 words)

	Cover Pages: Code for the Representation of the Names of Languages. From ISO 639, revised 1989.
		The two-character language codes of ISO 639 are relevant to SGML encoding in two respects.
		Second, the WSD (Writing System Declaration) implemented in the Text Encoding Initiative uses the [two-character] language code of ISO 639 (as amended) as a language.code attribute of the nat.language declaration, specifying the language in which the WSD is written.
		The two-character language codes of ISO 639 are recognized as being inadequate for use as SGML language attributes when tagging text, viz, for use as global lang attributes attached to any element to identify the language of the text element or a language shift.
	www.oasis-open.org /cover/iso639a.html (687 words)

	An Annotated Guide to Learning the Wolof Language
		Wolof is THE language of Senegal, and one of six national languages in Senegal given official recognition by the Government (together with Jola, Manding, Pulaar, Sereer and Soninke).
		Wolof is an official language in The Gambia (together with Pulaar and Manding) where it is spoken by 13% of the population, and Mauritania (together with Pulaar and Soninke) where it is spoken by 22% of the population.
		Wolof belongs to the Northern Branch of the West Atlantic subcategory of the NigerCongo language family.
	www.bcconline.org /wolof/Language/Wolof%20Language%20Guide.htm (1083 words)

	Wolof Accent Codes
		Wolof is the majority language of the African country of Senegal and is found in other countries.
		Language tags are also suggested so that search engines and screen readers parse the language of a page.
		Visit the Language Tag page to view information on where to insert it.
	tlt.its.psu.edu /suggestions/international/bylanguage/wolof.html (530 words)

	Wolof Website
		Even though these missionaries are trained to speak Wolof, living in a country where the culture is in ways, still foreign, it is often difficult to adjust to their ways of living.
		Pray for religious leaders among the Wolof, that they will come to know Christ as their Lord and Savior and that they will in turn, influence and direct others to Christ.
		Pray for A, a young Wolof lady who, because of her faith in Christ, has suffered both emotionally and physically, having been beaten in the past and separated from her former husband and children for several years.
	www.byhisgrace.cc /wolofteam/prequests.htm (1722 words)

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